大鼠三叉神经本体觉中枢传导通路的电生理学证明

近年来形态学上发现了三叉神经领域本体感觉中枢通路,在此基础上,本文用电生理学方法,通过电刺激咬肌神经和压下颌,观察了由四级神经元组成的此通路的二级（三叉神经脊束核吻侧亚核背内侧部及邻接的网状结构）、三级（沿三叉神经感觉主核内缘存在的“带状区”）中继核团以及作为最后驿站的丘脑腹后内侧核等处的单位放电反应;另外又分别刺激或损毁二、三级中继核团,观察了丘脑腹后内侧核的单位放电变化,结果证明电刺激咬肌神经和压下颌,在上述核团都出现对本体觉冲动反应的单位放电,包括兴奋性反应单位、抑制性反应单位和无关单位三种类型,以兴奋性单位为主,占神经元单位放电总数的５２．９％～６７．７％．分别刺激二和三级神经元的所在核团,在丘脑腹后内侧核处发生相应的单位放电效应;损毁二和三级核团,本体觉传入冲动被阻断。本研究结果从电生理学上确证了形态学上发现的三叉神经本体感觉中枢通路的客观存在,从定性研究方面支持了定位研究的结果,并填补了以往生理学上只证明初级传入核团与丘脑腹后内侧核之间存在着一条多突触联系的本体觉传递通路但未能判断其具体行径和中继部位的空白,本研究并对方法论以及一些有关问题进行了讨论．     

The sevoflurane-sparing effect of nitrous oxide: a clinical study

BACKGROUND: We studied the sevoflurane-sparing effect of nitrous oxide in a prospective randomised study. METHODS: Forty-two ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to a fresh gas flow consisting of oxygen in air or oxygen in nitrous oxide 1:2. All patients received a standardised anaesthesia consisting of induction with fentanyl and propofol and maintenance with sevoflurane adjusted according to clinical signs. The sevoflurane consumption was studied by means of weighing the vaporiser before and after every anaesthesia. RESULTS: The mean sevoflurane consumption was reduced from 0.62 to 0.25 g/min, a 60% reduction, by the use of oxygen in nitrous oxide 1:2 in the fresh gas flow. The emergence was faster for the patients receiving nitrous oxide. No major differences were observed during recovery. CONCLUSION: Nitrous oxide was found to be cost-effective for use during short ambulatory knee arthroscopy.     

商品猪运输后体温变化及相关因素的研究

应用常规体温检测方法,对2401头经基层食品经营站检疫合格的商品猪,经汽车集中运输至肉联厂后进行体温检测。结果:商品猪体温范围为36.4～42.6℃,月平均体温最低38.8℃,最高40.6℃,平均为39.4℃。6、7、8月体温最高,1、2、3月最低。母性比公性体温高,长白比本地黑猪体温高。     

Influence of Δ9 and cannabidiol on photically evoked after-discharge potentials

Two cannabinoids, ⁹ and cannabidiol, and several reference drugs were compared relative to their effects in a recently developed anticonvulsant test system, the after-discharge potentials of the visually evoked response; the potentials were recorded electrophysiologically from electrodes permanently mounted over the visual cortices of conscious rats. In anticonvulsant doses, trimethadione and ethosuximide produced an extensive depression of after-discharge activity, whereas diphenylhydantoin and cannabidiol exerted no such effect. In contrast, anticonvulsant doses of ⁹ and subconvulsant doses of pentylenetetrazol markedly increased after-discharge activity, which may represent a manifestation of their central nervous system excitatory properties. The data from the present study support our previously published observations from several other anticonvulsant tests that indicate the anticonvulsant characteristics of cannabidiol resemble those of diphenylhydantoin rather than those of trimethadione and that the central excitatory properties of ⁹ distinguish it from cannabidiol. The results consistently suggest that the cannabinoids will be effective against grand mal but not absence seizures.     

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE OF SCALP-POINTS ON ABNORMAL DISCHARGES OF NEURONSAROUND THE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE FOCUS IN THE RAT

Thereexistdifferentdegreesofpathophysi ologicchangesinthetissuesaroundhemorrhagefocusafteracutecerebralhemorrhage[1 ] .Cere bralhemorrhageoftenleadstodysfunctionoftheneuronsinthebrain ,manifestingabnormalelec tricalactivity .Followingacutecerebralhemor rhage,duetotheoppressionofthehematomaandthetoxiceffectofthebloodcontentsaswellaschangesofthemicro environmentaroundthehemorrhagefocus,theelectricalactivityofthecerebralneuronsissuppressedatdifferentde grees.Electroacupuncture (EA)therapyworkell…     

Clinical Application of Breast Fiberoptic Ductoscopy in 354 Cases with Abnormal Nipple Discharge

OBJECTIVE To use the breast duct endoscope for studying thepathological characteristics of breast-duct disease with nipple discharge,and offer methods that can improve diagnostic accuracy.METHODS A total of 354 patients with nipple discharge were examinedusing the fiberoptic duct endoscope (FVS-3000M). Ducts and theirbranches were investigated to define and locate the extent of intraductallesions. Core biopsies were taken of suspicious lesions and the findingswere analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS In cases of bloody and serosanguineous nipple discharge,72.3% were papilloma and papillomatosis, 5.2% duct cancer and 22.5%mammary duct ectasia and galactophoritis. In patients with watery nippledischarge, 56.0% were papilloma and papillomatosis, 8.0% were breastcancer and 5 patients without abnormal findings were regarded asnormal.CONCLUSION Fiberoptic duct endoscopy can accurately locate the siteand pathology of nipple discharge allowing the improvement in diagnosisof early breast cancer.     

乳管内视镜在伴乳头溢液乳腺疾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳头溢液乳腺疾病乳管内视镜的诊断价值。方法：利用FVS-3000M型纤维乳管镜系统对乳头溢液患者进行检查，对可疑病例用活检针取组织活检或定位切除送病检确诊，对本组354例病人资料进行回顾性分析。结果：发现占位性病变245例，渗出性病变97例，另有9例正常及3例失败。手术186例，经病理证实诊断准确率为96．2％。结论：乳管内视镜可以明确引起乳头溢液疾病的病因、确定病变部位，引导活检或定位切除，提高早期乳腺癌的发现率。     

乳头溢液的诊治

目的 探讨乳头溢液的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾分析116例乳头溢液病例资料。结果 全部病例中，乳腺癌17例，乳腺导管内乳头瘤70例，导管内乳头状瘤病13例，共100例，占85.4％。结论 乳腺导管镜检查是乳头溢液病因诊断的首选方法，对乳头溢液特别是血性溢液应及早明确病因，以便进行合理的手术治疗。     

Effects of a multidisciplinary, post-discharge continuance of care intervention on quality of life, discharge satisfaction, and hospital length of stay: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a hospital-coordinated discharge care plan, involving a multidisciplinary team of primary health care providers, on hospital length of stay, quality of life, and both patient and general practitioner inclusion in, and satisfaction with, discharge procedures. DESIGN: This investigation comprised a prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. SETTING: This multicentre and cross-jurisdictional study focused on areas of tertiary and primary health care as well as community allied health in Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n = 189) with chronic cardiorespiratory diagnoses were recruited from respiratory, cardiovascular, and general medical wards at two tertiary hospitals. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Intervention group patients received a discharge care plan in accordance with that outlined in the Australian Enhanced Primary Care Package, completed before discharge and sent to the patient's general practitioner and other community service providers for review. Control patients were discharged under existing hospital processes. Outcome measures. Patients and general practitioners were surveyed pre-discharge and 7 days post-discharge for quality of life and opinion of discharge procedures. Hospital length of stay was also determined. RESULTS: Significant improvements in discharge planning involvement, health service access, confidence with discharge procedures, and opinion of discharge based on previous experience were seen for patients who received the discharge care plan. Further, improved perceptions of mental quality of life were observed within the first week post-discharge for intervention patients. Length of stay showed no difference between groups. Extent and speed of hospital-general practitioner communication were significantly improved via the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a multidisciplinary discharge care plan, initiated before separation, improves quality of life, involvement, and satisfaction with discharge care, and hospital-general practitioner integration. As such, it possesses benefits over current Western Australian hospital discharge procedures for the care of chronically ill populations.     

防止乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变的探讨

目的 :采用细胞学方法诊断导管内乳头状瘤 (intraductal,papillomas,IP)癌变 ,并探讨其意义。方法 :714例乳头溢液病例全部行脱落细胞学检查。大部分病例同时做近红外线扫描、 B超、乳腺 X线检查。结果 :查出 IP 16 1例 ,其中发现癌细胞或可疑癌细胞 2 0例 ,占 12 .4 % ,与术中术后病理相符 ,癌变是在 IP基础上发生了癌细胞样改变。癌变平均年龄 4 7.2岁 ,血性溢液为主 ,占 75 .0 % ,结论 :乳头状瘤是乳腺癌的前期病变。故女性年龄超过 4 5岁 ,特别是绝经后乳头溢血患者与乳癌关系更为密切