甲状腺癌根治术中不同途径显露喉返神经的应用效果评价

目的 探讨甲状腺癌根治术中不同途径显露喉返神经的应用情况.方法 根据随机数字表法将92例进行甲状腺癌根治术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组46例.对照组采用甲状腺下动脉途径法显露喉返神经,观察组采用甲状腺最下动脉途径法显露喉返神经.比较两组患者寻找喉返神经的时间、术中出血量、手术时间、术后声音嘶哑和喉返神经损伤的发生率.结果 观察组患者寻找喉返神经的时间和手术时间均明显短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).观察组患者的术中出血量明显少于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).观察组患者术后声音嘶哑和喉返神经损伤的发生率均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 甲状腺癌根治术中应用不同途径显露喉返神经,其效果存在差异.与甲状腺下动脉途径法相比,甲状腺最下动脉途径法能够明显缩短寻找喉返神经的时间和手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低术后声音嘶哑和喉返神经损伤的发生率,值得临床推广应用.     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

非体外循环主动脉弓缩窄外科手术体会

目的:回顾性分析非体外循环外科治疗主动脉弓缩窄手术特点,探讨治疗主动脉弓缩窄的最佳手术方式。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年6月至2018年6月,收治的经左后外侧开胸行主动脉弓缩窄矫治术的患儿80例,依据手术方式分为两组,I组:62例,平均年龄12.2(6.0,37.3)个月;体质量(11±5.4)kg;采用主动脉端端吻合术。Ⅱ组:18例,年龄18.7(8.5,35.7)个月;体质量10.8(7.4,14.2)kg;采用左锁骨下动脉翻转补片成形术。观察两组患儿年龄、体质量、以及诊断、主动脉狭窄段部位、狭窄段长度、狭窄段内径等分布,并记录术前、术后上下肢收缩压峰值压差、术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、ICU滞留时间、术后随访上下肢血压等一般情况。结果:I组主动脉狭窄段长度(9.93±4.8)mm,最狭窄处内径(2.84±0.49)mm,II组狭窄段长度15(10,20)mm,最狭窄处内径(3.33±0.59)mm,两组病变,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);I组术后呼吸机辅助时间为9(6.6,16.4)h、ICU滞留时长37.2(20.6,70)h,II组分别是14.5(7.5,21.4)h、45.2(20,93.9)h,I组患儿带管时间更短(P<0.05); I组中并发乳糜胸1例,II组中并发左侧气胸1例,两组均未见出血、死亡等并发症;余各项指标两组之间均差异无统计学意义。结论:对于狭窄段较短的患者可行主动脉端端吻合,而狭窄段较长,且狭窄内径不过窄可以选择左锁骨下动脉翻转补片成形术。     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。     

肠系膜下动脉在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的处理方式 及保留左结肠动脉的临床意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉(LCA)的临床应用价值及意义。方法:回顾分析2016年3月至2018年2月为56例患者行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床资料,患者分为低位结扎组(n=28,保留LCA)与高位结扎组(n=28,不保留LCA),比较两组患者术前CEA值、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部淋巴结(253组)清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结转移率、术后肛门首次排气时间、术后恢复自主排尿时间、吻合口漏发生率等指标。结果:两组患者术前CEA值、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结转移率、术后恢复自主排尿时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低位结扎组术后肛门首次排气时间、吻合口漏发生率优于高位结扎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留LCA既可达到彻底清扫淋巴结的目的,又能有效保障肠管血供,降低吻合口漏发生率,促进肛门早期排气,安全、可靠,具有良好的临床应用前景。