颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

氩氦刀治疗老年前列腺增生患者23例体会

一、对象和方法　　 1.对象 :我院 2 0 0 0年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 1月采用美国生产的CRYOcare氩氦手术治疗仪治疗前列腺增生患者 2 3例 ,年龄 6 2～ 84岁 ,平均 71岁。病程 6个月至 10年 ,平均3年 6个月。尿频、排尿费力 16例 ,急性尿潴留 3例 ,排尿基本正常 4例。并存高血压 3例 ,慢性支气管炎肺气肿 5例 ,肾功能不全 1例 ,糖尿病 1例。直肠指诊前列腺增生Ⅰ度 3例 ,Ⅱ度 11例 ,Ⅲ度 9例。有残余尿者 19例 ,残余尿4 0～ 2 5 0ml,平均 6 7 0ml。术前均作前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测均为正常范围 (<4 μg/L ,正常参考值 <5 μg/L)。　　 2 .…     

沙利度胺对鼠子宫内膜异位病灶血管生成作用的研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺(thalidomide)对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)病灶生长和血管生成的影响,为从抗血管途径治疗EMs提供依据.方法:将EMs患者在位子宫内膜种植于重度复合性免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID)小鼠皮下,建立EMs鼠模型.接种后第3周给予治疗,治疗组(n=10)腹腔注射沙利度胺50mg/kg/d,对照组(n=10)腹腔注射等体积PBS,连用14d;每隔3d测量异位病灶体积一次;病灶组织采用免疫组化法测定病灶微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.结果:SCID小鼠皮下种植内异症模型内膜存活率高且观察方便;治疗组病灶体积增长有缩小趋势,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组MVD显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组和对照组VEGF的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:沙利度胺对EMs异位病灶的血管生成有明显抑制作用;抑制VEGF的表达可能不是沙利度胺抑制EMs血管生成的主要原因.     

VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗增生性瘢痕的研究

目的探讨VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗对烧伤后增生性瘢痕的治疗作用.方法将人的增生性瘢痕植入裸鼠肩胛部皮下,建立裸鼠增生性瘢痕移植模型.3周后,用不同剂量血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体进行瘢痕内注射治疗.治疗3周后解剖取材,通过测量瘢痕的大小观察瘢痕的体积变化,用Masson 染色和免疫组化技术观察移植瘢痕胶原和微血管数量的变化.结果与PBS对照组相比,靶向血管治疗3周后, 增生性瘢痕的体积明显减小, 瘢痕胶原和微血管明显减少.结论 VEGF抗体靶向血管治疗具有抑制增生性瘢痕微血管生成、胶原合成及抑制瘢痕生长的作用.     

前列腺增生病人健康教育的难点及对策

目的探讨前列腺增生病人健康教育难点及对策.方法通过对120例前列腺增生病人健康教育回顾性分析发现:病人的生理特点、心理特点、家属问题、术后并发症是健康教育的难点,针对难点采取有效的健康教育.结果118例掌握健康教育的内容.结论做好前列腺增生病人的健康教育,消除了病人的心理顾虑,家属对我们的护理放心,积极配合治疗与护理,减少了术后并发症.     

阳和汤临床运用体会

阳和汤方出自《外科全生集》,具有温阳补血 ,宜通血脉 ,散寒祛痰之功 ,使阴疽得以消散 ,犹如阳和一转 ,寒凝悉解。可将此方加减运用于临床 ,颇有收效 ,举例如下。1　乳腺增生病　郭某 ,女 ,2 5岁。 1 999年 5月 2 0日初珍。两乳房肿胀疼痛 ,月经前疼痛明显加重 ,诊时右侧乳房扪     

乳癖消合乳通贴治疗乳腺增生病60例

乳腺增生病是现代女性的常见病、多发病，发病率占乳房病的首位。我们于2005年2月～2005年10月使用乳癖消合乳通贴治疗女性乳腺增生患者60例，获得满意效果，现报道如下：     

醋酸甲孕酮和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症的疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较醋酸甲孕酮(DMPA)和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)的疗效和安全性.方法:将47例内异症患者随机分为两组,A组24例于月经来潮第1～5天肌注DMPA 150 mg,之后每30 d重复1次,连续注射6次;B组23例于月经第1天开始服用内美通,每周2次,每次2.5 mg,连用6个月.观察治疗前后症状、体征、卵巢异位囊肿大小、血清肿瘤抗原(CA125)及性激素水平变化以及副反应情况.结果:用药后两组患者总主观症状评分明显下降,卵巢异位囊肿明显缩小,两组有效率均为100%,两组间疗效差异无显著性,血清CA125及性激素水平明显下降,两组均无严重副反应发生.结论:两种药物治疗内异症均安全有效,DMPA更适合于内异症的长期治疗,尤其适用于不能负担昂贵医疗费的患者.