左旋布比卡因腰-硬联合阻滞在下肢手术的应用

目的探讨0.75%左旋布比卡因用于蛛网膜下隙阻滞的临床效果及安全性。方法随机选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的40例骨科下肢手术患者(股骨干及髋关节大手术的患者),随机均分成两组:L组腰麻用药为0.75%左旋布比卡因15mg,容量为2.5ml;B组腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因,剂量及容量同L组。术中必要时经硬膜外导管注入2%利多卡因。术中监测BP、HR、SpO2、RR的变化并观察围术期不良反应的发生。结果两组最高阻滞平面及到达时间、麻醉持续时间、肌松效果及达到最大肌松效果时间差异均无显著意义。两组均无神经系统的不良反应。结论0.75%左旋布比卡因用于腰-硬联合麻醉骨科下肢手术安全有效,效果与0.75%布比卡因相比差异无显著意义。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

上胸椎前方手术入路

上胸椎前方解剖关系复杂，由浅及深为肌层：颈阔肌，胸锁乳突肌；骨性结构：胸骨柄，胸锁关节；血管性结构：左、右颈总动脉，主动脉弓，无名动脉，左无名静脉，左、右头臂静脉，甲状腺下动脉，胸导管；神经组织：喉返神经，交感神经链；其他深层组织：食管，气管，甲状腺，胸腺。这些器官和组织相互交错，互为邻里，错综复杂。此处椎体或脊髓前方病变时，前方入路可直接暴露病变部位，术野清晰，手术直接，效果明确，但易损伤以上相邻组织，严重者损伤胸髓，导致患者高位截瘫。     

脑室置管和腰椎穿刺行脑脊液置换治疗严重蛛网膜下腔出血44例报告

自1997年1月至2004年8月,我们应用侧脑室外引流和腰椎穿刺放液、脑脊液置换治疗严重自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)44例,效果良好。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男24例,女20例;年龄18岁~74岁,平均58岁,其中60岁以上20例,占45.4%。全部病人均行多次脑CT检查,均有广泛蛛网膜     

气管切开病人呼吸道护理体会

气管切开术是临床抢救和治疗呼吸道梗阻患者的重要措施之一,其中吸痰这一操作的正确安全与否,是呼吸道护理的关键。在吸痰过程中,因供氧中断可导致缺氧或低氧血症,吸痰时间过长,其他的并发症如:气管痉挛、心律失常、颅内压升高,呼吸道粘膜损伤,血液流变学的改变(平均动脉压升高     

肌筋膜缝线悬吊法下睑袋整复术

下睑袋整复术作为常见的面部美容手术，虽然术式众多，但术后并发症仍时有发生。自2002年以来，我们用了新的肌筋膜缝线悬吊法，行下睑袋整复手术40例。它主要针对重度睑袋，下睑缘外露，下睑松弛，下睑退缩，外眦下移，或下睑外翻需要再次手术的病例，经临床观察满意，报道如下。     

小儿呼吸道异物的诊断与救治

目的 探讨小儿呼吸道异物的诊断与急救原则，减少并发症和死亡率。方法回顾性总结397例临床资料，依据异物梗阻部位、全身情况、手术难度采取无麻下手术16例(4％)、局部表面麻醉下手术49例(12．3％)、全身麻醉下手术332例(83．7％)。结果异物种类复杂，以食物类异物为多。患儿集中在1—4岁之间。一次手术成功率为91．9％(365／397)，二次手术成功率为6．3％(25／397)，死亡率为1．8％(7／397)。以支气管肺炎为主要并发症。结论小儿呼吸道异物病情危急，一经确诊应尽早手术，迅速建立有效通气道，是挽救患者，生命的可靠措施。全身麻醉下手术是提高手术成功率的保证。气管切开术后取声门区异物是一种完全有效方式。     

乙字汤运用心得

乙字汤是治疗肛肠疾病的著名方剂,出处无从考证,因结肠形似“乙”字而得名。该方由柴胡10g、黄芩10g、当归12g、升麻6g、大黄6g、生甘草10g组成,其中柴胡、甘草需等量,其因不得而知。忆在大学讲堂先师尹质明讲授湿热肠风下血一证时,对该方之功效大加赞赏,随师临证观其效,如鼓应     

口咽通气道固定方法的改进

口咽通气道法是用“S”型管道插入咽部,使舌根前移,达到解除呼吸道梗阻的目的。传统的口咽通气道固定方法是将胶布缠绕牙垫顶部,贴在面颊的两侧。但在临床应用中我们发现,这种固定方法易脱出,清洗时胶布很难去除,对胶布过敏者,粘贴处易出现过敏性皮炎或破溃。针对上述情况我们对口咽通气道的固定方法进行了改进:将通气道翼缘两侧各打1个小孔,从两侧小孔各自穿一绷带。当气管插管等管道插入通气道后,将绷带绕至患者颈后部打结固定即可。此方法简单易行,可以防止脱落,避免使用胶布造成的皮肤过敏。口咽通气道固定方法的改进!075000$中国人民…     

低颅压综合征1例报告

低颅压综合征并非少见,常被误诊,尤其是当腰穿见到血性脑脊液时,常被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,而进行很多不必要的检查,给病人及家属造成过重负担。现将笔者遇到的1例低颅压综合征病例报告如下。1临床资料患者女,40岁。既往健康,无头部外伤史和腰穿史。入院3天前跑步后发生额部疼痛,为持续性疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,无发热和周身不适;卧床时头痛明显减轻,坐起或站立后头痛很快加重。在厂医院对症治疗不见好转来诊。来诊时查体:意识清楚,血压正常,未查到任何神经系统阳性体征。头颅CT未见异常。腰穿脑脊液:初压为60 mm H2O,脑脊液黄染,常规检查蛋…