Affected kin-pair IBD methods: genetic models.

Cases of interest using affected sib-pair methods to distinguish between recessive and additive (dominant) modes of inheritance of a disease-predisposing gene involve goodness-of-fit tests with a small expected number in the "share-zero parental haplotypes" category, as well as an unknown parameter, the frequency of the disease-predisposing allele. Our simulations demonstrate that the real significance level of the chi-square test using the three-haplotype-sharing IBD values (share 2, 1, and 0 parental haplotypes) is close to the assumed (.05) level in these cases, so that the haplotype-sharing classes do not have to be lumped, which would leave no degrees of freedom for a statistical test. The validity of the chi-square approximation in cases of small expected frequencies has previously been described, but the situations that have been considered do not cover the very small values in the share-zero category that are often expected in the affected sib-pair analysis, nor do they involve estimation of an unknown parameter. Although including IBD values from affected kin pairs other than sibs can be a very powerful tool in demonstrating linkage of a marker and disease, these pairs do not add power, in fact they reduce the power, of the chi-square tests of goodness-of-fit of modes of inheritance.     

The importance of employing stringent methods to recruit fertile male controls

Two methods of recruiting fertile male controls were evaluated and compared. The first group was recruited from the partners of women attending an antenatal clinic without obtaining details of their reproductive history. The second group was recruited after obtaining a detailed reproductive history from the couple and employing stringent entry criteria. Entry criteria for the second group included a length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of not more than 12 months and no previous episode of involuntary infertility for either partner. There were significant differences between the distributions of semen parameters obtained from the two groups, indicating that the selection criteria for "fertile" men significantly influence results obtained and therefore that it is important to employ stringent criteria for the recruitment of fertile male controls. The group which was recruited by stringent criteria (mean length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of 3 months) was characterised by a significantly higher median concentration of spermatozoa which exhibited slow linear or nonlinear motility. This confirms the findings of a previous study which suggested that slow linear or nonlinear motility are superior forms of spermatozoal motion.     

美托洛尔两种光学异构体代谢的酶动力学研究

目的：建立一种用AUC对酶动力学模型参数进行估算的方法，用酶动力学模型对美托洛尔（Met）两种光学异构体在大鼠肝脏的药物代谢进行研究。方法：用数学方法推导参数估算法公式；用大鼠肝切片孵育技术，对Met两种光学异构体的三种不同剂量（5、10、30μmol.L^-1）的药物浓度进行分析。并用本的参数估算法求出各自的酶动力学参数。结果：两种异构体，三种不同剂量的AUC有显性的统计学意义（P＜0．01），R－（＋）－Met的Vm,Km值分别为5．7471μmol.L^-1.h^-1和6．7724μmol.L^-1，S－（－）－Met的Vm,Km值分别为6．4350μmol.L^-1.h^-1和18．3404μmol.L^-1。结论：酶动力学模型适用于脏代谢的药动学研究。两种异构体的代谢具有明显差异。存在代谢的右旋异构体选择性。     

炮制对中药中多糖含量的影响

目的：探讨炮制对中药中多糖含量的影响。方法：查阅相关文献，并对其结果进行归纳分析。结果：炮制影响中药中多糖含量，多糖含量随炮制方法的不同而增加或减少。结论：中药制剂及临床应用应根据用药目的的不同而选择不同的中药炮制品。     

浅谈中药炮制增效原理

中药炮制是我国的一项传统制药技术，中药炮制与临床疗效有着极为密切的联系。本文仅就已取得的炮制研究成果对中药炮制增效的原理进行了探讨。     

肌松胶囊的制备工艺及质量研究

对肌松胶囊的制备工艺及质量标准进行了研究，为保证制剂的临床疗效，控制制剂的质量提供了实验依据     

大肠癌巨─微血管构筑的临床研究

为了探讨大肠癌和其间质血管的关系，我们研究了48例大肠癌标本不同部位的巨─-微血管构筑。方法：用癌瘤标本造影摄X线片、立体显微镜和微机图象定量分析。结果显示：癌中心血管稀疏或为无血管的坏死区及血管破坏；癌远近端瘤组织内血管增多增粗，畸形及紊乱；其血管定量参数与癌中心和癌远近端肠粘膜相比有显著差异（P＜O．05，P＜0．01）。结论：①大肠癌的发生发展依赖于血管形成和细胞增殖。②在理论上解释了大肠癌的临床病理过程。③大肠癌的恶性程度与其血管密度间似有负相关的趋势。④探讨了其临床应用价值。     

中药肉豆蔻历史沿革研究

目的：研究肉豆蔻的炮制方法的历史沿革变化轨迹及前人的炮制意图，总结前人的炮制经验和临床体会。为开展肉豆蔻的炮制规范化研究提供有益的借鉴。方法：查阅历代的本草典籍，并将处方注脚下的炮制方法也进行了整理、归纳。结果：查阅了约70部本草典籍，初步理清了肉豆蔻炮制的历史沿革、炮制意图和临床体会。结论：肉豆蔻的炮制方法因临床的不同需要而不同，约有16种，其主流方法是面裹煨。炮制的目的是增强止泄的作用。     

中药制剂过程的建模、优化与应用研究

本文以中药滴剂生产过程的优化为目标,以某大型中药集团企业的滴剂生产过程为背景,为实现滴丸制剂过程数字化进行了理论与应用上的探索,其中,为制剂过程建立了多个机理模型:通过辨识建立数据模型,对生产过程进行分析,给出了相应的优化方案;对难以直接测量的滴制速度这一关键参数,提出了多种软测量算法,利用粒子群算法优化模糊控制器,构建了一个实用的滴速模糊控制系统;设计与构建了数据采集分析平台和制剂过程生产测控系统。     

一类单调似然比分布族

该文给出了一类分布族为单调似然比分布族的条件,从而可知非中心的分布族和非中心的分布族均为单调似然比分布族.