过量氟与软骨代谢

氟中毒与软骨组织代谢有着密切的联系，过量氟对软骨有明显的损害作用，可造成钙、磷等无机元素代谢异带．导致软骨蛋白多糖合成与分解失调，干扰软骨基质胶原代谢及改变软骨组织酶的活性。     

急性氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病一例报道并文献复习

氟乙酰胺是一种高效剧毒、残留性强的有机氟杀鼠剂,而氟乙酰胺中毒易导致多种脏器功能损伤,尤其是中枢神经系统损伤,并造成氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病等。本文报道了1例急性氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病患者并进行了文献复习,以期提高临床对氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病的认识。     

Defluoridation efficiency of a green composite reactive material derived from lateritic soil and gastropod shell

In the bid to exploit the synergy in mixed metal matrix that enhances substrate binding affinity, a composite reactive material (GLT) was prepared using lateritic soil and Gastropod shell as precursors. The defluoridation efficiency of the GLT was studied in laboratory grade fluoride contaminated water and groundwater matrix. Using experimental evidences, insight into the underlying defluoridation mechanisms of GLT was provided. The monolayer adsorption capacity (q_m, mg/g) of the GLT (43.7 mg/g) was higher than that of any of the precursors (i.e. lateritic soil (q_{m =} 2.8 mg/g) and Gastropod shell (q_m = 19.8 mg/g)), which confirmed the synergistic effect of the constituents of the composite. Premised on the results of kinetic analysis, the Gibbs (?G) free energy value of formation of insoluble metal fluoride and the results of the evaluation of the effects of water chemistry on the fluoride removal efficiency of the GLT, mechanism of the defluoridation process was found to be a combination of adsorption (via ion exchange or outer sphere complexation) and precipitation reaction. Relative to the performance of the GLT in laboratory grade water, the GLT was also effective in groundwater but the value of the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (q_m mg/g) was lower in the groundwater system (29.76 mg/g) than in the laboratory grade water system (43.7 mg/g). The leached constituents of the GLT enhanced the values of the pH, electrical conductivity and the total dissolved solids of the treated water.     

Influence of cementum on the demineralization and remineralization processes of root surface caries in vitro

The influence of the nature of the root surface on the demineralization and remineralization processes within artificial fluoride-treated caries lesions was investigated using microscopic and X-ray microanalytical methods. Traces of fluoride were detected in the outer parts (about 25 µm) of the lesions after the application of fluorides, and a high mineral content was proved for the same region by means of microanalytical calcium estimation. The location of this mineral-rich band in relation to the root surface was deeper into the root depending on the existence and thickness of a cementum layer. However, within the dentine the location and intensity of the mineral content were unaffected by the cementum. Investigation of artificial caries lesions without fluoride treatment showed the following: The degree of mineralization was kept at a higher level near the root surface in the presence of cementum. Consequently, a cementum layer gives some initial caries resistance of the root surface.     

Fluoride concentration in supragingival dental plaque after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride concentration in supragingival dental plaque after single and repeated intakes of fluoridated milk. The study group consisted of 22 schoolchildren, young adults and adults of both sexes, 8-41 years of age. After a 2-week fluoride depletion period and 3 days of plaque accumulation, 200 ml of fluoridated milk (1g F) was ingested along with a standardized lunch meal. Plaque samples were collected immediately before the intake and after 30, 120 and 240 min. From the adult participants (n = 9), additional samples were colleted after 12 and 18 h. After a fluoride-free washout period of at least 2 weeks, the whole experimental procedure was repeated after 4 consecutive daily intakes of fluoridated milk. The fluoride concentration was determined after micro-diffusion with a fluoride selective electrode. The results showed a statistically significant 3-fold increase of the plaque fluoride levels up to 4 h after the intake. At 12 and 18 h after the intake, the recorded levels went gradually back to baseline. There was no significant difference between the fluoride concentrations in the supragingival plaque after the single intake compared with the repeated intakes. In conclusion, the findings support the suggestion that milk is a suitable vehicle for local fluoride administration into the oral cavity, also when consumed together with a meal.     

2010年陕西省燃煤污染型氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 掌握陕西省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区病情变化,防氟炉灶的使用情况以及相关行为形成情况,评价防治效果,为上级决策提供理论依据.方法 2010年,选择陕西省安康、汉中市的3个县9个自然村作为监测村.在3个监测县实施改炉改灶的病区村中各抽取5个病区村,在抽中的每个病区村和9个监测点各抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为转变情况.调查监测村所有8 ～ 12岁学生氟斑牙患病情况,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,同时对8～ 12岁学生每年龄段采集10份尿样,检测尿氟,尿氟测定采用氟的离子选择电极法(WS/T 30-1996),依据《人群尿氟正常值》(WS/T 256-2005)进行评价.对监测村25周岁以上人群,按每个年龄段抽取20人,进行氟骨症X线检查,诊断采用《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》 (WS 192-2007).结果 铁炉、改良炉的合格户数和正确使用率、玉米辣椒的正确干燥率和保管率均较低,玉米、辣椒食用前的淘洗率均在95％以上;9个监测村检查儿童350人,氟斑牙检出率为59.71％(209/350);Ⅹ线共拍片871人,氟骨症检出率为17.22％(150/871);共采集儿童尿样350份,尿氟在0.07～ 2.02 mg/L,几何均数为0.66 mg/L.结论 陕西省燃煤型氟中毒呈流行态势,防氟炉具灶炉损坏现象较多,健康行为形成率较低.加强病情监测、健康教育和防氟炉具的后期管理工作是今后防治燃煤型氟中毒的关键.     

氟致骨组织中细胞核转录因子-κB相关基因表达改变与破骨细胞凋亡的关系

目的 探讨慢性氟中毒大鼠骨骼损伤时细胞核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关基因表达改变与破骨细胞凋亡的关系,深入研究氟骨症的发病机制.方法 健康SD大鼠36只,体质量100 ～ 120 9,按体质量随机分为3组,每组12只.对照组饮用自来水(含氟量＜1 mg/L),低氟组和高氟组分别饮用含5、50 mg/L氟化钠的自来水.大鼠饲养8个月,建立慢性氟中毒模型,股动脉放血处死.取大鼠股骨干骺端,光镜观察骨组织形态学改变;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b (TRACP 5b)水平;采用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色鉴定破骨细胞并计数;采用Real-time PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测骨组织中p50、IKBα和凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 染氟大鼠股骨干骺端呈骨质硬化表现.低氟组血清TRACP 5b水平、破骨细胞数[(3.45±1.85)U/L、(6.75±1.29)个/切片]显著高于对照组[(1.26±0.23)U/L、(3.92±1.38)个/切片,P均＜0.05],高氟组[(2.74±1.85) U/L、(3.33±1.07)个/切片]较低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).低氟组p50、IκBα、Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达水平(4.41±0.44、1.15±0.25、2.02±0.11、1.25±0.22)显著高于对照组(1.46±0.10、0.26±0.07、1.00±0.06、0.74±0.09,P均＜0.05),高氟组(0.69±0.09、0.14±0.03、0.95±0.08、0.62±0.08)较低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).低氟组p50、IκBα蛋白表达水平(152.96±7.87、156.20±9.75)显著高于对照组(125.63±9.85、118.97±6.94,P均＜0.05),高氟组(120.56±9.57、114.50±7.61)较低氟组降低(P均＜ 0.05);低氟组Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平(170.61±6.60、160.77±7.66)和Bcl-2/Bax比值(1.07±0.08)较对照组(110.73±5.27、114.64±5.83、0.96±0.04)升高(P均＜0.05),高氟组(81.70±8.00、99.93±3.83、0.81±0.08)较对照组和低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).p50、IκBα蛋白表达水平与Bcl-2/Bax比值呈正相关关系(r值分别为0.587、0.676,P均＜0.05).结论 慢性氟中毒可引起骨组织NF-KB相关基因表达改变以及破骨细胞凋亡,氟骨症的机制可能与NF-κB p50和IKBα表达改变引起的破骨细胞凋亡失常有关.     

超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯在椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛中的应用

目的探讨超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯注射液在椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛中的应用效果。方法选取2008年1月至2011年5月在我院行椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛的患者60例,随机分为超声电导组(A组)、氟比洛芬酯组(B组)以及超声电导联合氟比洛芬酯组(C组)各20例。A组予以超声电导经皮治疗30min;B组予以氟比洛芬酯注射液静推50mg;C组予以超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯,方法同A、B组;均于术后急性疼痛6h内完成。对患者治疗前、治疗后的疼痛症状按视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行评分及临床观察。结果 3组术后急性疼痛都得到不同程度的缓解。按VAS对3组患者进行评分,C组较A、B组改善更加明显(P<0.01);3组均未发生不良反应。结论超声电导靶向给药、氟比洛芬酯对椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛都有效,但是二者联合应用的止痛效果更佳,疗效确切,值得临床应用推广。