Effectiveness of problems used in problem-based learning

Where problem-based learning (PBL) is the main method used in medical curricula, the literature suggests that it is crucial that the problems used are effective in facilitating students to identify relevant learning issues. These learning issues guide the students' studying. The present investigation explores the extent to which students identify relevant issues following exposure to prepared paper problems. In the preparatory year, in an Introduction to Medicine module, four groups of students were exposed to six themes (Health Care System, Environment and Health, Alternative and Islamic Medicine, Chronic Illness, Infectious Diseases, and Prevention and Health Promotion). Each group had two facilitators per theme. Having discussed the prepared problems, the students identified learning issues which were collected for the purpose of the study. Two content experts, using a Likert scale, analysed learning issues for their concordance to staff objectives per theme. Kappa coefficients were computed for the six PBL themes in order to assess inter-rater agreement. Learning issues identified as having no relationship to theme objectives were further analysed for their relevance to theme objectives. No objective was totally omitted by any student group. There was a 100% concordance of objectives to learning issues demonstrated over four themes. The relationship of learning issues to theme objectives ranged from 55–85% in the theme on health care system, and 73–94% in the theme on environment and health. Irrelevant learning issues were identified in the first two PBL themes addressed. Kappa coefficients over the six PBL themes varied from 0·49 to 0·82.     

广州市医学生恋爱态度、恋爱及性行为研究

目的 了解新世纪医学生恋爱态度、恋爱及性行为现状。方法 运用自编问卷对450名医学生进行调查。结果90％以上的医学生对恋爱持肯定的态度；42.4％的医学生有正确恋爱目的；近半数以上的医学生有恋爱经历；近三分之一的学生目前仍在恋爱；半数以上的医学生有手淫，男生明显多于女生；性行为的发生率为7.6％。性别、身高、体重、班干、父母亲文化程度、父母职业、父亲的健康状况、家庭经济情况、家庭住地等因素会对医学生恋爱态度、恋爱及性行为现状产生一定的影响。结论 与20世纪90年代中后期比较，新世纪大学生恋爱态度、手淫及性行为发生了某些变化。     

健康教育对ARN并视网膜脱离术后疗效的影响

目的 :研究健康教育对急性视网膜坏死综合征 (acuteretinalnecrosissyndromo ,ARN)并视网膜脱离术后疗效的影响。方法 :随机将 32例 (4 2眼 )ARN并视网膜脱离病人分为A ,B两组。A组 ,2 2例 (2 9眼 )作为观察组 ,术后按制订的健康教育方案进行护理。B组 ,10例 (13眼 )作为对照组 ,常规护理 ,不进行健康教育。对比观察两组术后疗效及并发症。结果 :AB两组对照比较 ,A组手术成功率明显增加 ,术后并发症如视网膜脱离复发、角膜水肿、继发性青光眼等发生率明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :健康教育有助于提高ARN并视网膜脱离病人手术疗效 ,减少术后并发症。     

英国医学教育环境测量理论的引进与应用

作者在概述教育环境的作用、医学教育环境研究发展现状的基础上,利用英国Dundee大学开发的教育环境测量简表(DREEM)对中国医科大学教育环境现状及存在的问题进行了测量诊断,并结合国际先进的教育环境建设理念及作者在课程体系改革中的经验体会,提出了改善教育环境,提高教学质量应采取的对策。     

北京市东城区高血压社区管理初步分析

为开展城市慢性病预防自1989年起在北京市东城区疾病监测点作高血压调查,将居民按居委会随机分组,对干预组高血压进行管理,定期家访,健康教育,家庭保健指导。1991年共管理3190例患者,与1989年基线调查相比,高血压患者吸烟率下降8.37%,戒烟及减少吸烟增加5.81%,饮酒率下降8.77%,注意少吃盐增加5.49%,DBP<95mmHg者增加27.81%。将上述各指标在干预组和对照组与基线调查相比,二者差别显著,说明高血压社区管理效果良好。     

试论当代医学生人文素质教育

当代大学生一个突出的问题是人文素质的贫乏,医学生也概莫能外;然而人的全面发展要求科学与人文的完美结合;医学的特殊使命要求医学生必须具备健全的人文素质;推动医学的可持续发展要求医学生具备高尚、灵活、开放的人文精神。因此,必须大力加强医学生的人文素质教育———使学生形成正确的世界观、社会观、人生观、价值观,形成高尚的道德品质、健康的心理素质和积极的职业观念。加强医学生人文素质教育,一要树立科学与人文融合的教育思想,二要提高人文学科的地位,三要改进教学方式、方法。     

法国对外医科教育

基于法国政府的官方文件，概要地介绍法国政府近年来对外医科教育的新动态和新举措．首先介绍法国自2002年起专门为外国医生创立的《外籍住院医考试》制度，分别讲解该制度的目的、条件、要求、程序、文凭等内容；其次介绍法国对外医学和生物学教育的其他途径，以及与之相关联的各类文凭；随后介绍法国《外籍住院医考试》的准备工作和发展前景，以及法国博士和博士后教育的有关信息．     

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine

Herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, and massage are the three major constituent parts of traditional Chinese medicine. Although acupuncture is well known in many Western countries, Chinese herbal medicine, the most important part of traditional Chinese medicine, is less well known in the West. This article gives a brief introduction to the written history, theory, and teaching of Chinese herbal medicine in China. It also describes modern scientific research into and the quality control of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Some examples of how new drugs derived from Chinese herbs have been developed on the basis of traditional therapeutic experience are presented. Finally, the situation of Chinese herbal medicine in the West is discussed.     

Education of Nonscientists About New Alcohol Research: Results of Two Types of Presentations Plus 6-Month Follow-up

Education of nonscientists by scientists is assumed to be beneficial for enhancing public understanding of the research process and increasing public excitement about science. However, evaluation of audience response to receiving such information has rarely been performed. In particular, the effectiveness of communicating new research on alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence has never been evaluated. Evaluation data in the present study show significant knowledge transfer, belief changes, and participant reports of possible behavioral changes in targeted audiences. These occur when alcohol researchers present basic neuropharmacological concepts and new neurobiological research to audiences consisting primarily of chemical dependency counselors, social workers, criminal justice workers, physicians, nurses, family, clergy, and others interested in alcohol-related problems (defined as "clinicians" and the "reachable public"). Together, these results suggest that it is possible to change the beliefs, knowledge, and behavior of chemical dependency clinicians and the reachable public about alcoholism, its causes, and its treatment.