抗抑郁药用于疼痛治疗的研究进展

慢性痛或神经痛是一种临床综合征,常伴有抑郁障碍,严重影响患者生活质量.对于神经痛,常规镇痛药物、甚至麻醉性镇痛药经常无效,而抗抑郁药、抗精神病药和抗癫痫药物等则有效.本文综述了抗抑郁药用于镇痛的作用机制和不同类型的抗抑郁药在疼痛治疗中的应用,旨在为疼痛的临床治疗提供参考.     

Ⅱ型与Ⅴ型腓骨瓣修复跟骨缺失初期再造跟骨稳定性的比较

目的 比较Ⅱ型、Ⅴ型腓骨瓣重建跟骨缺损的临床效果.方法 建立Ⅴ型和Ⅱ型的简化模型,分别模拟采用Ⅱ型Ｖ型腓骨瓣重建跟骨缺损,以结构力学计算得到的位移作为评价足功能指标,进行理论分析进而比较两者的稳定性.结果 建立了Ⅱ型腓骨瓣与Ⅴ型腓骨瓣修复简化模型并得到分析后的理论数据.理论计算表明,Ⅱ型腓骨瓣的稳定性优于Ⅴ型.两种重建...     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression correlates with angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients

Increased nitric oxide synthase expression plays a key role in tumor progression. To examine inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and its correlation with clinical variables, such as tumor progression, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and prognosis in gastric cancer, we studied inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in gastric cancer samples from 211 patients with 5-year follow-up. CD105 and D2-40 were adopted as biomarkers for tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively. Inducible nitric oxide synthase staining was mainly found in the cytoplasm of gastric cancer tumor cells. Positive inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was seen in 54.03% of gastric cancer specimens, which was correlated with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. Compared with inducible nitric oxide synthase negative patients, inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive patients had significantly shorter survival times and higher microvessel density and lymphatic vessel density. Intratumor and peritumor blood microvessel density and lymphatic vessel density correlated with inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (Spearman ρ test, P < .05). We conclude that inducible nitric oxide synthase expression correlates with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and poor survival rate in gastric cancer. We propose that synthesized inducible nitric oxide synthase increases angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis thus promotes tumor progression. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression may be a good biomarker for poor prognosis in gastric cancer.     

SB203580对大鼠再灌注损伤肺细胞凋亡的干预

目的：探讨P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）特异性抑制剂SB203580对再灌注损伤肺细胞凋亡的影响。方法：30只SD大鼠随机分为3组：假手术对照（control,C）组,肺缺血／再灌注（I／R）组,肺缺血／再灌注＋SB203580（S组）;TUNEL法检测肺组织细胞凋亡的改变：免疫组化法检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达;电镜观察肺组织形态学改变。结果：I／R组与C组比较,Bcl-2蛋白和Bax蛋白表达均明显上调（均P〈0．01）,Bcl-2／Bax比值显著下降（P〈0．01）,凋亡指数（AI）显著增高（P〈0．01）,肺组织超微结构明显异常;使用SB203580后,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调（P〈0．01）,Bax蛋白表达下调（P〈0．01）,Bcl-2／Bax比值上升（P〈0．01）,AI显著下降（P〈0．01）,肺组织超微结构异常改变不同程度减轻。结论：SB203580可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达、下调Bax蛋白的表达、调控Bcl-2／Bax蛋白之间的平衡而减轻细胞凋亡,对肺缺血／再灌注损伤发挥积极的防治作用。     

葛根素干预肺动脉高压大鼠时钙网蛋白前体变化的研究

目的：观察正常组与野百合碱致肺动脉高压组及葛根素干预组大鼠肺组织差异蛋白质组学的变化,在蛋白质组学水平探讨葛根素抑制肺动脉高压、肺血管重建的机制。方法：制备各组模型大鼠后分别测定平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）、平均颈动脉压力（mCAP）、右心室重量比[Rv／（LV＋S）]％,制作光镜标本、测量肺血管重建指标（PAMT））及统计学分析,明确模型制备成功。对各组肺组织提出的总蛋白质进行双向电泳、串联质谱鉴定有差异的蛋白质并用NCBInr数据库进行检索。对鉴定的蛋白质进行分析。结果：野百合碱组与正常组比较,mPAP、[RV／（LV＋S）]％、PAMT显著增高（P〈0．05）,提示肺动脉高压模型制备成功。葛根素干预组与野百合碱组比较,mPAP、IRV／（LV＋S）]％、PAMT显著下降（P〈0．05）,表明葛根素可抑制野百合碱引起的肺动脉高压、肺血管重建与右心室肥大。通过双向凝胶电泳、串联质谱鉴定及数据库检索发现钙网蛋白前体在正常组表达几乎为0,在野百合碱组大量表达,而在葛根素干预组迅速下调至0水平。结论：钙网蛋白前体可能与葛根素抑制肺动脉高压形成相关,值得深入研究。     

Chronic zebrafish low dose decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) exposure affected parental gonad development and locomotion in F1 offspring

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants around the world. Because of large production volumes, widespread usage and persistence, PBDEs are now ubiquitous environmental pollutants detected in a wide variety of environment media and human samples and therefore pose a significant public health concern. Deca-PBDE (BDE-209) is the only commercial PBDE mixture still allowed for use at present, and has been recently detected at high levels in human samples. However, few studies explore its effect on development, reproduction or neurobehavior with animal models. In particular, studies with long-term chronic exposure at relatively low doses are lacking. In this study, we utilize the zebrafish model to explore the developmental, reproductive, and behavioral toxicities associated with long-term chronic exposure to deca-PBDE (BDE-209). Our findings revealed that long-term chronic exposure to low dose of deca-BDE (ranging from 0.001 to 1 μM) affected overall fitness (measured by condition factor), gonad development, male gamete quantity and quality in F0 parental fish. For F1 offspring without continuous exposure to BDE-209, parental BDE treatment led to delayed hatch and motor neuron development, loose muscle fiber, slow locomotion behavior in normal conditions, and hyperactivity when subjected to light-dark photoperiod stimulation. In conclusion, parental chronic low dose BDE-209 exposure not only affects F0 growth and reproduction, but also elicits neurobehavior alternations in F1 offspring.     

盐酸维拉帕米脉冲胶囊的制备及其体外释药考察

目的:制备一种新型脉冲式胶囊给药系统,探索影响药物在一定的时滞后脉冲释放的因素。方法:以蘸胶工艺制备不溶性半透膜囊体,灌装药物粉末或药物与渗透促进剂混合物,以果胶直接压片制备胶塞,塞入囊体后,套上胃溶性囊帽和囊体后外包肠溶衣,进行体外释放试验。结果:该给药系统在人工胃液中不变形,药物不释放,在pH7.4人工肠液中药物的脉冲释放受肠溶包衣厚度、不溶性囊体中致孔剂含量和填充物渗透促进剂比例的影响。结论:胶囊系统设计原理简单,各组成部分可单独制备,药物释放可根据要求来设计调节,可应用于多种药物,有望开发成一种新型药物脉冲释放系统。     

小鼠子宫内胚胎电转技术方法的改良

目的 优化小鼠子宫内胚胎电转技术,用于检测胎鼠大脑新生神经元的迁移和分化特征。 方法 通过选择异氟烷气体麻醉方式,改进毛细玻璃针的制备方法,减少手术中胚胎的暴露时间,优化电转参数等,对小鼠子宫内胚胎电转技术进行一系列优化。采用优化的子宫内胚胎电转技术给6只怀孕16.5 d的孕鼠进行了手术,共电转胚胎42只。 结果 电转后孕鼠和胚胎的存活率达到100%,其中大脑表达外源基因的胎鼠占85%±3%。 结论 优化的小鼠子宫内胚胎电转技术可以获得令人满意的胎鼠存活率和基因电转效率。     

穿支皮瓣Choke区动、静脉血流阻力对皮瓣存活的影响

目的　通过在同一组皮瓣中对choke血管的动、静脉阻力进行比较研究,探究血流跨过choke血管的动、静脉阻力大小关系及其对皮瓣存活的影响。 方法　将34只SD大鼠随机分成两组,A组保留右侧肋间后动脉+左侧肋间后静脉,B组保留右侧肋间后动脉+右侧髂腰静脉。测量保留的动、静脉之间的距离。术后7天,统计皮瓣存活率以及血管造影观察皮瓣区微血管形态;choke区取材,H&E染色,计算平均微血管密度;尾静脉采血,检测乳酸含量。 结果　A组保留的动、静脉之间的距离比B组短[(2.5±0.3) cm vs (3.7±0.2) cm,t=14.608,P<0.05）]。术后7 d,A组皮瓣存活率为100%,B组1号血管体区存活率为（67.0±13.1）%,4号血管体区的为100%,整块皮瓣存活率为（88.0±6.8）%;A组比B组血管增生明显[（24.0±3.9）vs (17.6±4.3),t=2.727,P=0.021];A组与B组乳酸均接近术前水平,差异无统计学意义[（8.0±0.8）mmol/L vs (8.4±0.4) mmol/L vs (7.5±0.6) mmol/L,P>0.05]。 结论　①血流跨过choke血管的静脉阻力大于动脉阻力;②缩短跨choke区的动、静脉血流单向距离有利于减小跨choke区所受的静脉阻力,提高皮瓣的存活率。     

海藻糖对凝血因子保护作用的研究

目的探讨在低温冻结贮存下,海藻糖对血浆凝血因子活性的保护作用。方法用新鲜混合血浆分装7小瓶,分别配制使海藻糖的终浓度为0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30 m ol/L,再分装在-20℃下保存30,60,120,240,360 d后,测定凝血因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ的活性,并计算保护率。结果在-20℃保存360 d时,无海藻糖保护组凝血因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ的活性分别为66.7%,80.8%与79.6%。当海藻糖浓度为0.15 m ol/L时,对凝血因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ的活性保护作用最为理想,分别为80.1%,92.0%与96.4%。结论在低温冻结贮存下,海藻糖对血浆凝血因子活性有一定的保护作用。