Vaccination against H5 avian influenza virus induces long-term humoral immune responses in flamingoes (Phoenicopterus spp.)

Avian influenza (AI) can represent a threat to endangered wild birds, as demonstrated with the H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) outbreaks. Vaccination against AI using inactivated H5-vaccines has been shown to induce humoral immune response in zoo bird species. In this study, the long-term efficacy of H5-vaccination was evaluated in flamingoes from Barcelona Zoo. Specific H5-antibody titres were maintained at high levels (geometric mean titres ≥32) for over 7 years after vaccination, both against the H5N9 and H5N3 vaccine strains, as well as H5N3 and H5N1 reference strains. In addition the breadth of the immune response was also studied by testing antibody production against H1-, H3-, H4-, H7-, and H10-subtypes. It was observed that most flamingoes presented specific antibodies against H1 virus subtypes, but titres to the other HA-subtypes were rarely detected. We show that AI-vaccines can induce immunity lasting seven years in flamingoes, which suggests that vaccination can provide long term protection from HPAI outbreaks in zoo birds.     

Association between <Emphasis Type="Italic">SLC2A9</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">GLUT9</Emphasis>) gene polymorphisms and gout susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis

The relationship between the SLC2A9 (solute carrier family 2, member 9) gene polymorphisms and gout was still inconsistent among the individual genetic association studies. Therefore, this present research was aimed to systematically evaluate the association between SLC2A9 gene polymorphisms and gout susceptibility. Relevant studies were enrolled by searching databases systematically. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations. The heterogeneity between each of the studies was calculated by using the Q statistic methods, and Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s tests were performed to evaluate publication bias. A total of 13 studies investigated four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC2A9 were included. In this study, we found that the allele C of rs3733591 was higher in patients than in controls in both all-pooled population [C vs. T: OR (95 % CI) = 1.432 (1.213–1.691)] and Asians-pooled population [C vs. T: OR (95 % CI) = 1.583 (1.365–1.835)]. The allele frequency C of s6449213 was lower in the gout patients than in controls in both all-pooled population and Caucasians-pooled population. Additionally, the allele frequency T of rs16890979 and the allele frequency C of rs1014290 were lower in gout patients than in controls. This study demonstrated that the genetic susceptibility for gout is associated with the SLC2A9 gene polymorphisms. Four of them except for the rs3733591 are protective SNPs in Caucasians, and rs16890979 and rs1014290 are protective SNPs in both Caucasians and Asians, while rs3733591 may be susceptibility SNP in Asians.     

急性肢体动脉栓塞的手术治疗

目的:探讨急性肢体动脉栓塞手术治疗的方法、效果及时机,以及栓塞的部位及原因.方法:总结分析近 6年来收治 的病程为 11h～ 10天的 14例 17条急性肢体动脉栓塞,采用 Fogarty导管取栓治疗的临床资料.结果: 12条肢体治 愈, 1条好转, 4条截肢.结论: Fogarty导管取栓是急性肢体动脉栓塞的有效治疗方法,明确诊断后,尽早手术治疗可 减少肢体坏死的危险性.     

超声引导下射频消融甲状腺结节的并发症与预防方法探讨

目的通过对超声引导下射频消融治疗甲状腺结节并发症分析,探讨预防各种并发症的方法。方法观察111例甲状腺结节患者在射频消融治疗中、治疗后出现的各种并发症,并就其原因及预防方法进行探讨。结果本组病例均出现颈部疼痛,不能忍受者20例（18．02％）。术后放射性牙痛5例（4．50％）、放射性耳根痛7例（6．31％）,无任何处理,疼痛自行缓解。出血3例（2．70％）,经及时按压后出血停止。术后发生声音减低、饮水呛咳1例（0．90％）,无任何处置,观察2h声音自行恢复;喉返神经损伤2例（1．800．4）,经药物治疗1～L5个月后患者声音均恢复正常。结论超声引导下射频消融治疗甲状腺结节可能会发生喉返神经损伤、颈部出血、疼痛等并发症,但细心操作并随经验累积可将并发症降至最低;且喉返神经损伤多可在术后1～6个月恢复。采用“液体隔离带”辅助法是预防颈部重要结构受热损伤的一种有效手段。     

MIF 在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（maerophagemigration inhibitory factor,MIF）在前列腺癌（prostate cancer,Pca）中的发生、发展的作用,为前列腺癌的诊断及治疗提供新途径。方法采用免疫组化方法检测40例良性前列腺增生症（BPH）和59例前列腺癌（Pca）组织中MIF的表达。结果Pca组织MIF阳性表达率为84．7％（46／58）,明显高于BPH组30％（P〈0．05）;MIF在Pca组织中的表达水平与其病理分级呈正相关（P〈0．05）;MIF阳性表达的肿瘤复发快、易转移、预后差。结论MIF与Pca组织学分级、恶性程度和预后密切相关,是检测Pca的较好分子标志物,适时检测MIF的表达可作为判断Pca生物学行为及预后的重要参考价值。     

高聚生联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的观察和评价高聚生联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法44例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,抽尽胸液之后,治疗组胸腔注入高聚生 顺铂,对照组胸腔注入顺铂,每周1次,1～3周为1疗程,4周后观察疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为82.61%,对照组总有效率52.38%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论高聚生联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效满意,值得临床推广。     

Thyroidal stimulation of tubulin and actin in rat brain cytoskeleton

In cultures of neonatal rat brain cells, labeled with ³⁵S-methionine in the presence or absence of triiodothyronine (T₃), the hormone promoted a significant enhancement of labeled tubulin and actin in the insoluble fraction (30,000 g pellet) of cell homogenate. To identify the specific sub-cellular fraction associated with this induction, organ cultures of 1 day rat cerebra were labelled with ³⁵S-methionine in the presence and absence of T₃ and the insoluble fraction (30,000 g pellet) was subfractionated into mitochondria, plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. Analysis of the labeled proteins by SDS-PAGE, autoradiography and densitometry revealed a T₃-induced increase of 50–80% for both tubulin and actin, only in the cytoskeleton fraction without any significant effect on the other fractions. Similar results were obtained when plasma membrane or cytoskeleton were isolated directly from labeled cerebrum by conventional methods instead of fractionating from the 30,000 g pellet. Analysis of relative stimulation of labeled tubulin and actin by T₃ in cytoskeleton fraction derived from primary cultures of neuronal (N) and glial (G) cells labeled with ³⁵-methionine show that the stimulatory effect is predominantly on the N cells. Studies on the kinetics of induction of labeled tubulin and actin by T₃ in the cytoskeleton fraction prepared from cerebra labeled with ³⁵S-methionine for 2, 8 and 18 hrs revealed no significant difference at 2 hrs; at 8 hrs, an increased incorporation into both tubulin and actin was reproducibly seen in the controls relative to T₃-treated samples. However by 18 hrs, this pattern reversed and an enhanced accumulation of both labeled tubulin and actin was observed under the influence of T₃. The mechanism of this apparently intriguing effect of T₃ on the kinetics of association of tubulin and actin with the cytoskeleton has been discussed in the light of the dual effect of the hormone on tubulin viz. enhancing its stability as well as rate of synthesis. The overall results indicate that the thyroid hormones play a major role in the cytoskeletal transport of tubulin and actin from their site of synthesis to that of assembly thus facilitating axodendritic outgrowth and morphological differentiation.     

Vasoconstrictor-mediated release of purines and pyrimidines from perfused rat hindlimb,perfused mesenteric arcade and incubated de-endothelialized aorta

• 1.1. Reperfusion of hindlimbs that had previously been exposed to either 10 or 60 min global ischaemia resulted in transient washouts of uracil and uric acid in approximate proportion to the interval of ischaemia. However, changing the interval of sequential angiotensin II infusions from 10 to 60 min did not affect the magnitude of sustained uracil and uric acid release.
• 2.2. Perfused rat mesenteric artery arcade released uracil and uric acid and each was further increased approximately 2-fold by exposure to the vasoconstrictor, serotonin (6.7 μM).
• 3.3. Incubated de-endothelialized rat aorta also released purines and pyrimidines and this was increased further when subjected to increased work loads.
• 4.4. The increased rates of release of purines and pyrimidines from hindlimb, and the simpler vascular preparations of mesenteric arcade and aorta, were in proportion to the relative rates of increase in oxygen consumption under maximum vascular load.
• 5.5. It is concluded that the release of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and their catabolites from perfused rat hindlimb occurring as a consequence of vasoconstriction is not the result of release from previously ischaemic tissue. In addition, release of purines and pyrimidines appears to be a general feature of vascular smooth muscle subjected to high workloads.