3D打印技术联合CBL教学法在骨科教学中的价值

目的对骨科临床教学中应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法的临床实际应用价值进行研究分析。方法择取2018年4月—2019年4月间在我院骨科的实习生共80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法,将所有实习生分为观察组(40人)、对照组(40人);对照组应用常规教具联合CBL教学法,观察组应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法,对比两组实习生的教学效果以及对教学活动的满意度。结果在理论知识以及临床操作方面,观察组实习同学成绩高于对照组(P<0.05);在对教学满意度方面,观察组实习同学高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在骨科临床教学中,应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法具有显著临床教学效果,学生的理论知识以及临床操作成绩更为优异,对教学满意度更高。     

Glucocorticoids mediate circadian timing in peripheral osteoclasts resulting in the circadian expression rhythm of osteoclast-related genes

Circadian rhythms are prevalent in bone metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Recently, we suggested that output signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are transmitted from the master circadian rhythm to peripheral osteoblasts through β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid signaling. In this study, we examined how the master circadian rhythm is transmitted to peripheral osteoclasts and the role of clock gene in osteoclast. Mice were maintained under 12-hour light/dark periods and sacrificed at Zeitgeber times 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. mRNA was extracted from femur (cancellous bone) and analyzed for the expression of osteoclast-related genes and clock genes. Osteoclast-related genes such as cathepsin K (CTSK) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) showed circadian rhythmicity like clock genes such as period 1 (PER1), PER2 and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1). In an in vitro study, not β-agonist but glucocorticoid treatment remarkably synchronized clock and osteoclast-related genes in cultured osteoclasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed the interaction between BMAL1 proteins and promoter region of CTSK and NFATc1. To examine whether endogenous glucocorticoids influence the osteoclast circadian rhythms, mice were adrenalectomized (ADX) and maintained under 12-hour light/dark periods at least two weeks before glucocorticoid injection. A glucocorticoid injection restarted the circadian expression of CTSK and NFATc1 in ADX mice. These results suggest that glucocorticoids mediate circadian timing to peripheral osteoclasts and osteoclast clock contributes to the circadian expression of osteoclast-related genes such as CTSK and NFATc1.     

The epigenetically active small chemical N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) prevents estrogen depletion induced osteoporosis

Currently, there are several treatments for osteoporosis however; they all display some sort of limitation and/or side effects making the need for new treatments imperative. We have previously demonstrated that NMP is a bioactive drug which enhances bone regeneration in vivo and acts as an enhancer of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in vitro. NMP also inhibits osteoclast differentiation and attenuates bone resorption.In the present study, we tested NMP as a bromodomain inhibitor and for osteoporosis prevention on ovariectomized (OVX) induced rats while treated systemically with NMP. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were ovariectomized and weekly NMP treatment was administrated 1 week after surgery for 15 weeks. Bone parameters and related serum biomarkers were analyzed. 15 weeks of NMP treatment decreased ovariectomy-induced gained weight in average by 43% and improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume over total volume (BV/TV) in rat femur on average by 25% and 41% respectively. Moreover, mineral apposition rate and bone biomarkers of bone turnover in the treatment group were at similar levels with those of the Sham group.Due to the function of NMP as a low affinity bromodomain inhibitor and its mechanism of action involving osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance and inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines, NMP is a promising therapeutic compound for the prevention of osteoporosis.     

Relationships between bone geometry,volumetric bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia with alcohol consumption

PurposeChronic heavy alcohol consumption is associated with bone density loss and increased fracture risk, while low levels of alcohol consumption have been reported as beneficial in some studies. However, studies relating alcohol consumption to bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture, as assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), are lacking.MethodsHere we report an analysis from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, in which we studied associations between HR-pQCT measures at the distal radius and tibia and alcohol consumption in 376 participants (198 men and 178 women) aged 72.1–81.4 years.ResultsA total of 30 (15.2%), 90 (45.5%) and 78 (39.4%) men drank minimal/none (< 1 unit/week), low (≥ 1 unit/week and < 11 units/week) and moderate/high (≥ 11 units/week) amounts of alcohol respectively. These figures were 74 (41.8%), 80 (45.2%) and 23 (13.0%) respectively in women for minimal/none (< 1 unit/week), low (≥ 1 unit/week and < 8 units/week) and moderate/high (≥ 8 units/week). At the distal radius, after adjustment for confounding factors (age, BMI, smoking status, dietary calcium intake, physical activity and socioeconomic status and years since menopause and HRT use for women), men that drank low alcohol had lower cortical thickness (p = 0.038), cortical vBMD (p = 0.033), and trabecular vBMD (p = 0.028) and higher trabecular separation (p = 0.043) than those that drank none/minimal alcohol. Similar differences were shown between minimal/none and moderate/high alcohol although these only reached statistical significance for the cortical parameters. Interestingly, after similar adjustment, women showed similar differences in the trabecular compartment between none/minimal alcohol and low alcohol at the distal tibia. However, women that drank moderate/high alcohol had significantly higher trabecular vBMD (p = 0.007), trabecular thickness (p = 0.026), and trabecular number (p = 0.042) and higher trabecular separation (p = 0.026) at the distal radius than those that drank low alcohol.ConclusionsOur results suggest that alcohol consumption (low and moderate/high) may have a detrimental impact on bone health in men in both the cortical and trabecular compartments at the distal radius with similar results in women in the trabecular compartment between none/minimal alcohol and low alcohol at the distal tibia suggesting that avoidance of alcohol may be beneficial for bone health.     

Accuracy of a Simple Digital Templating in Primary Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

Objective To introduce a simple preoperative digital templating in uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to determine its accuracy for preoperative size selection of the prostheses. Methods A prospective study of digital planned THAs was performed on 90 hips with different types of prostheses from August 2013 to Angust 2014. The plastic templates of different types of prostheses were scanned for desired digital templating and the scanned images were then processed to the transparent, digital templates using Photoshop software. We calibrated the scales of the digital templates with the preoperative radiographs, and then selected the right size of the component. The preoperatively digital planned component sizes were compared to the actual sizes used in the operation, as well as the preoperatively traditional planned sizes. Results In either cup or stem templating, no difference was found among the groups with different types of prostheses, and the accuracy of digital templating was statistically higher than traditional templating. In cup templating, digital planned and implanted cup sizes were identical in 43.33% of the cases, 78.89% of the cup sizes were predicted within 1 size (± 2mm) and 95.56% were predicted within 2 sizes (±4 mm), all significantly higher than the results of traditional planned sizes (30.00%,P=0.044; 61.11%,P=0.007; 82.22%,P=0.004). The exact femoral stem size was predicted in 40.00% of cases using the digital templating, 84.44% of stem sizes were predicted within 1 size, and 93.33% within 2 sizes, better than using traditional templating (25.56%,P=0.028; 53.33%,P<0.001; 77.77%,P=0.003). Conclusion This simple digital preoperative templating is an accurate and reproducible process to preoperatively predict the implant size of uncemented THA.     

氨甲环酸减少全髋关节翻修术围手术期失血的安全性及有效性研究

目的探讨氨甲环酸减少全髋关节翻修术围手术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法将60例拟行单侧全髋关节翻修手术的患者随机分为氨甲环酸组与对照组,每组30例。术前所有患者均进行血常规、凝血常规、双下肢静脉彩超等检查,氨甲环酸组患者于切皮前10min静脉单次使用10mg／kg的氨甲环酸,对照组予以相当剂量的生理盐水。记录术中出血量、术后引流量,术后第1天、第3天复查血常规并记录患者血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积,术后第5天复查双下肢静脉彩超。如患者术后血红蛋白水平低于80g／L或患者有贫血表现时予以输入同型红细胞悬液。通过公式计算并比较患者血容量、总失血量、隐性失血量等指标。记录患者术后输血量和深静脉血栓的发生率。结果氨甲环酸组患者术中出血、术后引流、总失血量及隐形失血量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。氨甲环酸组患者术后14例（46．7％,14／30）,对照组26例（86．7％,26／30）需要输血,差异有统计学意义。两组患者术后深静脉血栓发生率及术后住院Et比较差异无统计学意义。结论以10mg／kg氨甲环酸术前静脉单次用药为主的多模式控制血液丢失方案可以有效减少髋关节翻修手术围手术期的血液丢失且不增加下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生风险,该方案是髋关节翻修术围手术期控制血液丢失的安全、有效的方法。     

瞬时脉冲足底静脉泵在髋膝关节置换术后预防深静脉血栓形成的应用研究

目的 探讨瞬时脉冲足底静脉泵预防全髋/膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的效果,为临床医护人员选择最优的机械预防方式提供参考依据。方法 选取2019年11月至2020年8月在我院关节外科拟行全髋/膝关节置换术的病人210例,随机分为观察组（105例）和对照组（105例）;术后,观察组和对照组分别使用瞬时脉冲足底静脉泵和间歇性充气加压装置预防DVT。观察比较两组病人术后DVT的发生率、术后D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6和患肢肿胀情况,住院时间和使用机械设备预防DVT的舒适度。结果 术后2周,观察组DVT总发生率为6.67%,对照组为9.52%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组病人机械设备使用的舒适度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 瞬时脉冲足底静脉泵可有效预防全髋/膝关节置换术后DVT,且舒适度高于间歇充气加压装置,预防DVT的时间成本低,值得临床推广。     

虚拟现实技术在颈椎外科中的应用研究进展

虚拟现实（VR）技术是以计算机生成的三维图像数据为基础,模拟真实场景,通过输出设备给操作者带来沉浸式体验的数字技术。VR技术具有3“I”特性,即沉浸（immersion）、交互（interaction）和想象（imagination）”^[1],还有多种类的信息（视觉、听觉和触觉）输出形式;同时,借助于VR系统内置的运动传感器可获得使用者运动过程中的运动角度、速度和位移等参数。VR系统通过即时提供多重感官模拟并给予反馈,与用户的感知运动系统建立联系^[2]。此外,基于计算机构建的VR系统可在不同时间及地点重复使用。得益于以上诸多优点,VR技术在医学领域,如临床教学^[3]、术前规划^[4]、术后康复训练^[5]等,展现出独特的优势。     

胫骨平台塌陷骨缺损的治疗现状及进展

胫骨平台塌陷骨折的特性决定了关节面必须解剖复位,胫骨力线必须恢复以及内固定必须坚强。在恢复关节面平整性的同时,关节面下骨缺损的处理却带来了许多难题。目前用于骨缺损治疗的材料归纳起来大致分3类:自体骨、同种异体骨和骨替代物。部分学者认为自体骨移植存在增加创伤、手术时间延长、来源有限、供骨区出血、持续疼痛与感觉麻木等缺点,但大多数学者认为目前治疗骨缺损的金标准仍是自体松质骨移植。同种异体骨移植存在免疫反应及病毒传染的可能,且因骨诱导特性受到破坏,移植骨力学特性和骨传导作用仍被保留。同样,骨替代物存在成骨与降解速率不匹配的问题。临床医生应根据患者自身的情况和经济状况选择符合需求的移植骨。