腰椎椎间融合术后置入物后移的危险因素

目的探讨腰椎椎间融合术后置入物后移的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年10月—2016年12月接受后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)或经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(TLIF)治疗的628例患者临床资料,以术后是否发生置入物后移将患者分为后移组(22例)和非后移组(606例)。记录所有患者术后发生置入物后移的潜在影响因素,包括性别、年龄、骨密度、手术时间、术中出血量、手术方式、融合节段、置入物类型、螺钉类型、术中是否加压、终板是否刮除、置入是否充分等,分析以上因素组间差异是否具有统计学意义,并对差异有统计学意义的因素采用logistic回归分析评价其与术后置入物后移的相关性。结果 628例患者中22例发生置入物后移,其中轻度后移12例、重度后移10例,后移发生率为3.5%。组间比较显示,螺钉类型、术中是否加压、终板是否完全刮除、置入是否充分4个方面差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示上述4个指标与术后置入物后移具有相关性。结论万向螺钉的应用、术中未加压、终板完全刮除及置入不充分是腰椎椎间融合术后出现置入物后移的危险因素,术中融合器的放置应尽量靠近椎体中央,对置入物后移合并神经功能受损者应尽早行翻修手术。     

麻醉前静注帕瑞昔布对阑尾切除术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的评估麻醉前静脉注射(iv)帕瑞昔布(PAR)对阑尾切除术患者术后疼痛的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ^Ⅱ级、急诊行阑尾切除术患者80例,随机分为帕瑞昔布组(PAR组)及生理盐水安慰剂组(PLA组),每组40例。PAR组给予PAR 40 mg iv,PLA组给予生理盐水5 mL iv,15 min后行腰硬联合麻醉。记录两组患者术后即刻、4 h、12 h、24 h疼痛VAS评分,术后首次要求iv哌替啶镇痛的人数、时间及次数,以及术后恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果①PAR组患者术后即刻、4 h、12 h、24 h疼痛VAS评分均明显低于PLA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②PAR组患者术后首次需iv哌替啶的时间明显晚于PLA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PAR组中需要iv哌替啶的患者人数明显少于PLA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),PAR组患者iv哌替啶次数明显少于PLA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麻醉前iv PAR 40 mg能有效抑制阑尾切除术患者术后的疼痛程度,具有一定超前镇痛效应,且无明显不良反应。     

A retrospective study of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions

BackgroundElectric bicycles related collisions could lead to severe consequences in spine injuries, while no study had comprehensively investigated the epidemiology and demography of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions.Questions/purposesThe aim of this study is to (1) describe the epidemiological characteristics of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions, (2) develop clinical guideline of spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions and (3) support the new road safety policy for electric bicycle riders.MethodsA retrospective review of spine injuries in electric bicycle related collisions was performed from 86 patients in an urban trauma center between 2018 and 2020. The variables including gender, age, radiographic findings, associated injuries, neurologic injuries, treatment, average length of stay were fully collected. Chi-square test and paired sample mean t-test were used to test for statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions 20.0.0 software. A P<0.001 was considered as significant.ResultsA total of 86 cases were involved in electric bicycles related collisions lead to spine injuries. The spine injuries victims were predominantly male (79.07%) and middle-aged (41-60years, 44.19%). The most common spine injuries were L1 fractures (10.48%). The most common fracture type was AO Fracture Classification type A (71.40%). Age and multivertebral fractures had significant difference between patients who suffered from an ASOI and from those who did not (P-value: 0.005, 0.005). There was significant difference between patients who suffered from neurologic injuries and from those who did not in AO Classification, multivertebral fractures and ASOI (P-value: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.032). Age, AO Classification, multivertebral fractures, ASOI and neurologic injuries had significant difference to influence patients’ ISS and ALOS.ConclusionsSpine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions may make patients suffer from severe consequences including their potential permanent disability, economic cost, or even life safety. Patients with spine injuries in electric bicycles related collisions should be paid close attention to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Helmet, protective clothing or other safety gear should be required to use to provide greater protection for electric bicycle riders.     

Coexistence of external carotid artery embolus and internal carotid artery occlusion in acute ischemic stroke: An indicator of cardioembolic etiology?

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate whether the presence of an external carotid artery embolism accompanying internal carotid artery occlusion may contribute to identifying the etiology of internal carotid artery occlusion in the early period.Material and methodsThe presence of external carotid artery embolism was evaluated in 117 patients who were adjudicated for internal carotid artery occlusion based on digital subtraction angiography images.ResultsEmbolus in the external carotid artery was detected in 8 (6.8%) of the 117 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion (7 (87.5%) patients were found to have tandem and 1 (12.5%) patient had carotid T occlusion). In all of these patients, the thrombus was of embolic origin. Evaluation of the etiology revealed cardioembolic etiology in 4 patients and dissection in 1 patient, and the cause could not be determined in the remaining 3 patients. Patients with external carotid artery embolism accompanying an internal carotid artery occlusion had significantly higher The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission and significantly lower recanalization success compared to those without external carotid artery embolism (p = 0.009, p = 0.01). In the comparison of prognosis, poorer prognosis was observed in those with external carotid artery embolism, although without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.07).ConclusionsThis study observed that the etiology was mostly embolic in patients with external carotid artery embolism accompanying an internal carotid artery occlusion, most of whom were found to have tandem embolic occlusion, and cardiac origin appeared to be the prominent etiology of stroke.     

Gluteal compartment syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionGluteal compartment syndrome is a rare but devastating condition with limited characterization in the literature. The purpose of our systematic review, case series, and meta-analysis is to synthesize the current literature and provide recommendations on how to prevent gluteal compartment syndrome, identify at-risk patients, and avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.MethodsInternational Classification of Disease codes were used to identify patients at our institution. PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case reports between 1972 and March 1st, 2018. Cases were analyzed based on demographics, etiology, presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Results139 cases – 13 from our institution and 126 previously published – were included. The most common etiologies were postoperative (41%), prolonged immobilization secondary to substance abuse or loss of consciousness (35%) and trauma (19%). 89% were male, mean age was 45 years (range, 16-74), and mean body mass index was 41 kg/m². Rhabdomyolysis and sciatic neuropathy were identified in 94% and 74% of patients, respectively. Fasciotomy was performed in 80% of patients. Overall, 93% of patients survived. However, 41% of patients suffered prolonged neurologic dysfunction. In patients with an initial neurologic deficit, there was a higher rate of permanent neurological deficit in patients treated medically than those treated surgically (12/14 vs 29/61, p=0.0153), but no statistical difference in mortality (0/14 vs 4/61, p=1). In patients without initial neurologic deficit, there were no statistical differences in rates of permanent neurological deficit (0/7 vs 2/20, p=1) or mortality (0/7 vs 3/20, p=0.545) between those receiving medical or surgical treatment.DiscussionGluteal compartment syndrome is an orthopaedic emergency that may be more prevalent and associated with higher morbidity and mortality than previously recognized. Risk factors may include prolonged surgical duration, immobilization secondary to substance abuse, and pelvic trauma. Intraoperative precautions and postoperative surveillance are recommended in obese patients undergoing prolonged procedures. Fasciotomies improve neurologic outcomes in patients presenting with an initial neurologic deficit. In patients who are neurologically intact on presentation, medical management with neurologic function surveillance may be the optimal initial treatment. Fasciotomies do not impact mortality. Additionally, a treatment algorithm is provided.     

Hallux valgus correction with a new percutaneous distal osteotomy: Surgical technique and medium term outcomes

BackgroundMany procedures and different osteotomies have been described for percutaneous hallux valgus correction. Percutaneous techniques may lead to reduced morbidity, surgery, and recovery time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of a new percutaneous procedure (PBS-Percutaneous Bianchi System).MethodsFifty-eight cases were treated with Percutaneous Bianchi System procedure for correction of mild, moderate or severe hallux valgus deformity. All patients were clinically assessed preoperatively and then followed up by weight-bearing x-rays, AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score), VAS (Visual Analog Scale) pain score, and patient satisfaction.ResultsAOFAS scores improved from 28.6 at the preoperative assessment to 91.7 at the latest follow-up. The VAS pain score improved from 6.7 before surgery to 0.6 at the latest follow-up. The mean Hallux valgus angle (HVA), Intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and Distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) significatively decreased from the preoperative assessment to the latest follow-up.ConclusionsThe PBS technique is a safe, reliable, and effective procedure for the correction of symptomatic mild-to-severe hallux valgus.     

The misleading nature of in vitro and ex vivo findings in studying the impact of stress hormones on NK cell cytotoxicity

In vitro and ex vivo studies assessing the impact of stress hormones on immune competence commonly replace the natural milieu of leukocytes with an artificial medium, excluding plasma factors, hormones, and cytokines. Given prevalent inconsistencies between in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo findings, we studied whether such procedures could yield misleading outcomes regarding the impact of stress hormones on NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC), using fresh human whole blood samples. We found that in the presence of plasma 10–30-fold higher concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine, and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were required to reach suppression levels evident in the context of artificial medium. Importantly, whereas the NK suppressive effects of PGE2 occurred immediately and remained stable upon prolonged exposure, the suppressive effects of cortisol slowly increased over time. Last, to simulate the exclusion of stress factors in the ex vivo approach, we subjected whole blood to stress hormones (as occurs in vivo), and abruptly removed them. We found that the effects of epinephrine and PGE2 quickly disappeared, while the effects of cortisol persisted. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential misleading nature of in vitro and ex vivo procedures, and specifically suggest that (i) the common in vitro findings of profound suppression of NKCC by stress hormones are overestimation of their direct effects expected in vivo; and (ii) the common ex vivo approach cannot reflect the direct in vivo suppressive effects of epinephrine and PGE2 on NKCC, while inflating the effects of glucocorticoids. Some of these fallacies may be circumvented by using non-delayed whole blood NKCC assays in humans.     

不同内倾角置入寰椎后路侧块螺钉的安全性比较

目的:将寰椎后路侧块螺钉上倾角固定在15°的情况下,比较不同内倾角度置钉相对应的寰椎侧块有效宽度和进钉深度,以确定寰椎后路侧块螺钉在横断面上的最佳内倾角度。方法:募集颈椎结构正常的健康成年国人64名,男32名,女32名;年龄32.7±7.8岁(18~60岁),进行颈椎CT平扫,通过Mimics软件对志愿者的颈椎CT数据进行测量,在寰椎后路侧块螺钉上倾角为15°的情况下,分别测量内倾角度为0°、5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°和理想内倾角(β角)时的寰椎侧块有效宽度和寰椎后路侧块螺钉的进钉深度;测量正中矢状面与寰椎后弓最后缘的交点与进钉点之间的距离和进钉点处的后弓下缘侧块高度;并进行统计学数据分析。结果:寰椎后路侧块螺钉的β角男性为20.01°±2.97°,女性为21.89°±3.14°。寰椎后路侧块螺钉内倾角度为0°、5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°和β角时的寰椎侧块有效宽度男性分别为8.95±1.18、9.51±1.14、10.00±1.17、10.42±1.20、10.39±1.29、9.41±1.25、8.04±1.21、11.02±0.96mm,女性分别为7.64±1.01、8.31±1.11、8.88±1.10、9.32±1.11、9.51±1.09、8.90±1.02、7.62±1.07、9.97±0.98mm;进钉深度男性分别为19.03±1.34、19.60±1.39、20.28±1.47、21.20±1.48、22.11±1.54、23.06±1.63、24.19±1.97、22.37±1.52mm,女性分别为17.47±1.68、17.90±1.64、18.50±1.79、19.31±1.93、20.47±2.03、21.67±2.18、22.89±2.38、21.26±1.99mm。相较于其他内倾角,β角对应的寰椎侧块有效宽度最大且差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。寰椎后路侧块螺钉内倾角为β时,寰椎后路侧块螺钉进钉点距离正中矢状面与寰椎后弓最后缘的交点距离男性为28.35±1.75mm,女性为26.70±1.60mm;进钉点处的后弓下缘侧块高度男性为4.38±0.85mm,女性为4.13±0.80mm。结论:寰椎后路侧块螺钉上倾15°时,以所对应的寰椎侧块有效宽度最大的内倾角β角进钉,理论上损伤椎动脉、脊髓等结构的几率最低。