创伤性休克早期救治152例临床分析

目的：探讨创伤性休克早期液体复苏对患者预后的影响,寻求一种提高救治成功率的液体复苏方法。方法：对2008年1月～2010年10月在我科就诊的152例创伤性休克患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按早期补液量分成三组：小剂量组〈1 500 ml,中剂量组1 500～2 000 ml,大剂量组〉2 000 ml。比较三组的急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的发生率和总存活率。结果：创伤性休克患者早期输液量中剂量组的存活率明显高于其他组（P〈0.05）,三组中ARF发生率无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但ARDS的发生率在大剂量组中（33.33%）明显高于小剂量组（18.75%）和中剂量组（17.54%）（P〈0.05）。结论：在创伤性休克术前未控制性出血条件下,限制性液体复苏可明显降低患者ARDS的发生率和死亡率。     

双能量CT头颈部血管减影成像的效果评价及临床应用

目的：评价双能量CT在头颈部血管减影中自动去骨的效果及其临床应用价值。方法：52例临床怀疑头颈部血管疾病的患者随机分为2组,分别进行双能量CT血管减影成像和常规CT血管减影成像,分别用双能量处理软件和Neuro-DSA软件自动完成去骨,采用容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重组（MPR）等多种后处理方法,由两位经验丰富的放射科医生采用双盲法评价两种减影方法的去骨效果,并进行比较;同时结合非减影数据,观察血管病变情况。结果：双能量CT血管减影成像和常规CT血管减影成像的容积CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）分别为（20.5635±0.00977）mGy和（25.5746±0.55827）mGy,两者有显著性差异。两种方法对于颈动脉、椎动脉及整体头颈部血管的满意显示率分别为87.8%,68.0%,83.0%和93.5%,91.8%,92.6%,其中对于颈动脉的显示无明显差异,但双能量CT血管减影对部分椎动脉的减影效果较常规CT血管减影差,主要集中在椎动脉近颅底的部分。另外,双能量CT血管减影成像还发现了多处血管病变,临床符合率为100%。结论：相比头颈部常规CT血管减影,双能量CT血管减影辐射剂量更低,能够有效的去除绝大多数骨骼,为头颈部血管疾病的诊断提供了一种新的无创性检查方法。     

中山市2009—2010年度生活饮用水出厂水水质卫生质量分析

目的了解并掌握中山市生活饮用水出厂水水质的卫生状况,为改善生活饮用水水质提供科学依据。方法采用定期抽样的方法,每季度对中山市城区和各镇区的生活饮用水出厂水进行采样分析,分析研究的项目类别主要包括毒理指标(砷、镉、6价铬、铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、乐果、敌敌畏、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、毒死蜱等)、感官性状和一般化学指标(色度、浑浊度、臭和味、肉眼可见物、pH值、铝、铁、锰、锌、铜、氯化物、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度、耗氧量、挥发酚类、阴离子合成洗涤剂等),放射性指标(总α放射性、总β放射性等)、微生物指标(菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌等)和消毒剂常规指标(游离氯、总氯等)。结果分析评价的生活饮用水出厂水水质共309份,所检项目全部达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的共289份,达标率为93.5%。结论中山市城区和各镇区的生活饮用水出厂水水质卫生质量总体较好,但相关部门也要全方位地对供水质量保持高度重视,确保供水的卫生与安全。     

双歧杆菌黏附素对大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤的防护作用

目的:研究双歧杆菌分泌型黏附素对大鼠缺血-再灌注(I/R)后肠黏膜屏障的防护作用。方法:将54只大鼠随机分为假手术组(对照组)、模型组(I/R组)和黏附素预处理组(实验组),每组各24只。于造模成功后6 h、第1、第4和第7天,分别取6只大鼠的血和小肠标本,观察小肠组织病理改变,检测各时间点血中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)I、L-6I、L-10、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸(D-LAC)的活性和含量。结果:与对照组比较I,/R组血中TNF-αI、L-6I、L-10、DAO和D-乳酸水平在各时相点均升高(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,实验组各时间点IL-6和DAO水平明显降低(P<0.05),TNF-α浓度术后第1天低于I/R组(P<0.05),术后第4和第7天实验组大鼠血浆D-LAC浓度明显低于I/R组(P<0.05),小肠病理改变较I/R组减轻(P<0.05)。结论:双歧杆菌黏附素对大鼠I/R后肠黏膜屏障具有防护作用,能减轻肠黏膜的I/R损伤。     

Depression in Older Adults 12 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study

ObjectiveTo investigate depression at 12 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults compared with younger adults.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study of persons with medically documented mild, moderate, and severe TBI at 12 months postinjury.SettingEighteen participating Level 1 trauma centers in the United States.ParticipantsParticipants with TBI (N=1505) and primary outcome data at 12-month follow-up.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsPHQ-9 total scores were significantly lower for older adults (age≥65y; M=3.2) compared with younger adults (age<65y; M=5.0; B=?1.63, P<.001), indicating fewer depressive symptoms in older adults. Age did not interact with education, sex, race/ethnicity, psychiatric history, substance use, or Glasgow Coma Scale severity to affect PHQ-9 scores. Of the 29% of older adults who endorsed symptoms consistent with depression, 14% were classified as minor depression and 15% as major depression. The odds of older adults falling in the major depression vs no depression group were significantly lower (decreased by 56%) compared with younger adults (odds ratio=0.44, P=.001).ConclusionsAt 12 months post-TBI, older adults endorse lower depressive symptoms than their younger counterparts and are less likely to experience major depression; however, over one-fourth of older adults endorsed symptoms consistent with depression, warranting evaluation and treatment.     

Visuospatial working memory underlies choice-impulsivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The present study examined the directional relationship between choice-impulsivity and separate indices of phonological and visuospatial working memory performance in boys (aged 8–12 years) with (n = 16) and without ADHD (n = 19). Results indicated that high ratings of overall ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity were significantly associated with increased impulsivity and poorer phonological and visuospatial working memory performance. Further, results from bias-corrected bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of visuospatial working memory performance, through choice-impulsivity, on overall ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Collectively, the findings suggest that deficits of visuospatial working memory underlie choice-impulsivity, which in turn contributes to the ADHD phenotype. Moreover, these findings are consistent with a growing body of literature that identifies working memory as a central neurocognitive deficit of ADHD.     

Elevated plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate may explain greater efferent arteriolar tone in adults with longstanding type 1 diabetes: A brief report

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) influences intrarenal hemodynamics in animal models, but the relationship between cGMP and renal function in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. In this study, plasma cGMP correlated with efferent arteriolar resistance, effective renal plasma flow, and renal vascular resistance in adults with T1D.     

An analysis of challenging behavior,comorbid psychopathology,and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Fragile X Syndrome

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between challenging behavior, comorbid psychopathology, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in Fragile X Syndrome (FRAX). Additionally, this study sought to examine how such disorders are predicted by gender, presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and presence of intellectual disability (ID). A total of 47 children and adolescents with FRAX were assessed. Results revealed high levels of challenging behavior and AD/HD symptoms within the sample, with some participants exhibiting symptoms of comorbid psychopathology. Further analysis revealed that challenging behavior and comorbid psychopathology were positively correlated, with stereotypy correlating most strongly with comorbid psychopathology. In addition, ASD was found to predict challenging behavior, and gender was found to predict AD/HD symptoms. The implications of these findings are discussed.