黄槿化学成分的研究

目的 研究黄槿Hibiscus tiliaceus枝叶的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离化合物,并通过理化数据测定和波谱技术分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从黄槿枝叶70%乙醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为木栓酮（1）、β-谷甾醇（2）、香草醛（3）、syriacusin A（4）、hibiscolactone（5）、莨菪亭（6）、臭矢菜素C（7）、反式丁烯二酸（8）、山柰酚（9）、槲皮素（10）、胡萝卜苷（11）、壬二酸（12）、丁二酸（13）、芦丁（14）。结论 化合物7、9、10为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3～5、8、12～14为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

植物细胞色素P450在三萜皂苷生物合成中的功能研究进展

三萜皂苷是许多药用植物的药效成分,其生物合成通常可分为前体形成、骨架构建以及后修饰3个部分。后修饰过程是植物调控形成众多种类单体皂苷的重要过程,其机制至今尚未完全阐明。植物细胞色素P450是由少数几个超基因家族编码的,参与多种生物过程,包括三萜皂苷次生代谢的后修饰过程。目前,已在少数植物中克隆到了催化个别单体皂苷生物合成的P450基因,其功能研究取得了一定进展。将就此进行综述,为进一步开展相关研究提供借鉴。     

木香有效成分及药理作用研究进展

木香为国内外常用药材,传统用于治疗多种疾病。简要对木香的品种进行了考证,发现木香虽然有许多异名,但Saussurea lappa为目前国际上广泛认可的。着重对木香有效成分以及药理作用的研究进展进行了综述,发现倍半萜内酯和三萜类为木香的主要有效成分,且木香具有抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。并对木香未来的研究方向进行了展望,为进一步合理开发和综合利用木香药用植物资源提供参考。     

不同地区商品降香的指纹图谱及甘草素含量的比较

目的采用HPLC法测定降香中甘草素的含量,利用指纹图谱比较不同地区商品降香的质量。方法色谱柱为WatersSunfire C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.3%醋酸溶液;梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1;检测波长275 nm。结果甘草素浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=2.47%,不同地区商品降香中甘草素含量有差异明显;指认了20个共有峰的化学成分,通过对不同地区商品降香指纹图谱的比较,相似度差异较大,根据相似度将降香分为3类;相似度与共有峰、特征峰的峰面积呈现正相关性。结论所用方法快速简捷、重复性好,可准确地测定降香中甘草素的含量;不同地区商品降香的质量差异较大。     

Natural Fostering in Fritillaria cirrhosa: Integrating herbal medicine production with biodiversity conservation

Protected areas are generally regarded as a power tool to conserve biodiversity. Nonetheless, few protected areas could address three crucial problems simultaneously, namely funding, public participation and rural living. Here, we introduced a new protective approach, Natural Fostering, which integrated herbal medicine production with community conservation. The principles of Natural Fostering adopted species–species interaction at community level. Most effective chemical components of herbal medicine are derived from such interaction. Fritillaria cirrhosa was selected as an economic botany, one of herbal medicines, to carry out Natural Fostering. Community habitats, herbal medicine production, funding and income of local family were investigated to verify the feasibility of Natural Fostering for biodiversity. We found the density of plant populations and the annual average personal income of rural people increased. F. cirrhosa production could provide sufficient funds for sustainable conservation. Local people gradually changed their life style of wild collection and overgrazing, instead of herbal medicine production. The fostering area set up a good sustainable economic cycle. Natural Fostering can be presented as an effective and pragmatic way to conserve biological diversity and sustainable utilization of traditional medicinal resources.     

广藿香青枯病点刺和输液接种试验比较研究

目的比较点刺接种法和输液接种法的接种效果。方法采用广藿香苗木分别进行比较点刺和输液接种试验。结果点刺接种法对广藿香小苗和室内试验的接种效果可靠,输液接种法对广藿香大苗和大田试验的接种效果可靠。结论点刺接种法适合广藿香小苗和室内试验,输液接种法适合于广藿香大苗和大田试验。     

12种中成药中淫羊藿组分的质量考察

目的:考察12种市售不同剂型含淫羊藿中成药中淫羊藿2个指标成分的含量,为有效控制含淫羊藿的中成药质量提供依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法分别测定市售12种中成药中朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷的含量。色谱柱为Venusil ASB-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为272nm,柱温为20℃。结果:市售大部分含淫羊藿中成药所使用的淫羊藿原料中淫羊藿苷的含量均达不到药典规定的质量标准。结论:应将朝藿定C作为淫羊藿药材及含淫羊藿中成药的评价指标之一。     

组织破碎提取法在中药研究中的应用进展

在对组织破碎提取法的原理和其实现途径闪式提取器进行简要介绍的基础上,对近10年来组织破碎提取法和闪式提取器在中药研究中的应用进展进行了综述。组织破碎提取法具有高效、快速、节能、环保及成分安全的特点,在中药提取和天然化学成分研究等方面具有广泛的应用前景,将为中药研究开辟一个新的途径。组织破碎提取法必将对中药现代化和国际化的发展起到积极的推动作用。     

逍遥散在肝损伤模型大鼠体内的药效学和药动学研究

目的研究逍遥散降酶的药效学、药动学过程,为合理用药提供参考。方法大鼠sc含40%CCl4的橄榄油溶液2 mL/kg,每2天1次,首次给药4 mL/kg,连续12 d。以天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)降低量为药效学指标,进行逍遥散的药效学研究;通过PKSolver 2.0统计距分析求算相关药动学和药效学参数。结果逍遥散的降酶时-效曲线具有显著的双峰特性,其td、t1/2(ED)、AUC、MRT分别为17.79 h、3.73 h、657.07 U.L?1.h、6.23 h。结论逍遥散在肝损伤大鼠体内具有吸收快,消除慢,作用维持时间较长的特点。     

Atractylenolide II induces G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Atractylenolide II (AT-II) is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese), which is traditionally prescribed for melanoma treatment by Chinese medicine practitioners. Our previous study showed that AT-II can inhibit B16 cells proliferation. Here we investigate the mechanistic basis for the anti-proliferative activity of AT-II in B16 melanoma cells.

Materials and methods

Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting.

Results

AT-II treatment for 48 h dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ of 82.3 μM, and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, treatment with 75 μM AT-II induced apoptosis. These observations were associated with the decrease of the expression of Cdk2, phosphorylated-Akt, phosphorylated-ERK and Bcl-2, the increase of the expression of phosphorylated-p38, phosphorylated-p53, p21, p27, and activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. In addition, a chemical inhibitor of p53, PFTα, significantly decreased AT-II-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the G1-arresting and apoptotic effects of AT-II in B16 cells involve p38 activation as well as ERK and Akt inactivation, and the cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of AT-II are potentially p53 dependent. These findings provided chemical and pharmacological basis for the traditional application of Baizhu in melanoma treatment.