BRL-37344对心力衰竭大鼠β肾上腺素受体表达水平的影响(英文)

目的　探讨 β3 肾上腺素受体 (β3 AR)及其激动剂BRL 37344 (BRL)在心力衰竭中的作用。方法大鼠分为对照组、异丙肾上腺素 (Iso)组和Iso +BRL组。Iso组和Iso +BRL组大鼠间隔 2 4h ,scIso 340mg·kg- 12次制作心力衰竭模型。 8周后 ,Iso +BRL组大鼠从尾静脉给予BRL 0 .4nmol·kg- 1·min- 1,10min ,每周 2次 ,给药 2或 6周。分别于给Iso后 10或 14周测定死亡率、血流动力学、左室重 /体重、心肌组织 β1 ,β2 和 β3 ARmRNA水平。结果　 14周时对照组、Iso组和Iso +BRL组分别死亡 0 / 2 0 ,3/ 18和 5 / 2 2 (P >0 .0 5 )。Iso使左室收缩末压、±dp/dtmax明显降低 ,左室等容舒张时间常数、左室舒张末压明显增高 ,左室重 /体重明显增加 ;与Iso组比 ,Iso +BRL组的心脏舒缩功能进一步下降 ,左室重 /体重进一步增加。Iso组 β1 ARmRNA水平降低 ,β3 ARmRNA水平升高 ,与Iso组比较 ,Iso +BRL组 β1 ARmRNA水平更低 ,β3 ARmRNA水平更高。β2 ARmRNA 3组均有下降趋势 ,但无统计学差异。结论衰竭心脏β1 AR水平下降及 β3 AR水平增高可导致心功能降低。β3 ARmRNA水平在衰竭心脏比非衰竭心脏明显增高 ,应用 β3 AR激动剂可明显加重心力衰竭。     

基因表达数据判别分析的随机森林方法

目的探讨随机森林算法在基因表达数据分类研究中的应用。方法通过实际基因表达数据考核其应用效果，并通过模拟试验进一步验证和研究在存在大量无差异表达基因情况下对分类产生的影响。结果随机森林算法对基因表达数据的分类具有较高的准确性，但随着基因数量的增加其判别效果呈下降的趋势，在差异表达基因之间具有相关性时，下降趋势明显减慢，能够获得较理想的分类效果。结论随机森林算法对基因表达数据的分类研究有较好的判别效果。     

积分法:一种药理学中分析电压依赖性瞬时外向钾电流的方法(英文)

目的　评价一种药理学中分析电压依赖性瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)的积分方法。方法　Ito的失活相可被 2指数或 3指数方程拟合。原始电流曲线下面积 (AUC)可通过指数方程积分获得。以细胞膜电容标准化后的曲线下面积表示除极化时程中钾离子的净通量 ,作为比较指标。钙调磷酸酶过表达转基因鼠心肌细胞表现Ito下调 ,此数据用于验证Ito的积分分析方法的可靠性。结果　AUC可通过 3指数或2指数方程的积分公式获得 :AUC =A1τ1+A2 τ2 +A3τ3+A0 t -A1τ1e-t/τ1-A2 τ2 e-t/τ2 -A3τ3e-t/τ3或AUC =A1τ1+A2 τ2 +A0 t-A1τ1e-t/τ1-A2 τ2 e-t/τ2 。小鼠心室肌 5 0 %和 90 %动作电位时程分别约为 10ms和 30ms。将Ito0～ 10ms (AUC50 )和 0～ 30ms(AUC90 )的曲线下面积以细胞膜电容进行标准化。野生型鼠心肌细胞的AUC50 和AUC90 明显高于钙调磷酸酶过表达转基因鼠 ,此结果与转基因鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程延长相一致 ,与前期发表结果一致 (钙调磷酸酶过表达转基因鼠心肌细胞Ito各成分下调 )。结论　积分法是药理学中一种简便准确的分析Ito的方法。     

内镜下经腋路双平面法假体隆乳术128例分析：如何获得医患满意的临床效果

目的总结内镜下经腋路双平面法假体隆乳术的关键流程和操作要点，以期获得医患满意的临床效果，最大程度地防止不良事件的发生。方法自2011年3月至2014年3月，采用内镜下经腋路双平面法，对128例小乳症患者进行假体隆乳术。回顾病例术前、术中、术后的治疗经过，收集乳房组织评估数据、双平面类型、假体型号、术后专项护理记录及医患满意度问卷调查等，并将以上信息归类分析。结果对于治疗效果，医患均满意126例，满意率98．4％；医师不满意1例：单侧假体包膜挛缩Baker分级Ⅰ级；患者不满意1例：假体偏小。总结术前、术中、术后经验教训及预期达到医患双方均满意手术效果的基本流程。结论良好的沟通，可量化的决策依据，丰富的临床经验，精细解剖操作，专业术后指导及最少的并发症，是获得理想隆乳效果的基本保证；忽略任何一个环节都可能给患者带来不良后果。     

Coordinate Bonding Strategy for Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogels: Toward pH-Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery

Molecularly imprinted hydrogel (MIH) as drug delivery system has been studied. It still remains a challenge to construct the stimuli-responsive MIH. Here, we report a coordinate bond strategy for imprinting doxorubicin (Dox) in hydrogel capable of pH-responsive and sustained drug delivery. The imprinting condition such as template–monomer interactions induced by metal ion was carefully investigated by spectroscopic methods. The obtained Dox–MIH was evaluated by absorption and in vitro release experiments. It has been demonstrated that the cupric ion mediated interaction between Dox and 4-vinyl pyridine via coordination and the optimal coordinate ratio of Dox/Cu²⁺ was 2:1. The rebinding amount of MIH to Dox was 2.7-fold that of nonimprinted hydrogel and the Dox-loaded MIH showed a pH-responsive release property. Not more than 10% of loaded drug was released from Dox–MIH at pH 7.2 during a time course of 7 days. However, near to 60% of loaded drug was sustainedly released at pH 5.0 during the same period. These results indicated that Dox–MIH with pH-responsive behavior possessed great promising as sustained-release delivery system of anticancer drug.     

后颅窝病变开颅术治疗后患者发热的原因及其护理

目的 探讨后颅窝病变开颅手术患者术后发热的原因,并提出对应护理对策.方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2011年10月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经外科治疗的91例后颅窝开颅手术术后发热患者的临床资料,并总结其护理经验.结果 本组91例中有78例患者1周内痊愈,13例2周内痊愈;感染者5例,发热持续时间为(10.20±1.22)d,主要表现为稽留热型,占术后发热的5.49%;无菌性炎症者17例,占18.68%,主要表现为不规则热型,发热持续时间为(4.88±1.91)d;异物反应者35例,占38.46%,主要表现为不规则热型,发热持续时间为(4.89±1.59)d;中枢性高热者19例,占20.83%,主要表现为驰张热型,发热持续时间为(6.57±1.85)d;肺部感染者8例,占8.79%,主要表现为稽留热型,发热持续时间为(10.87±1.35)d;交感神经兴奋7例,占7.69%,主要表现为稽留热型,发热持续时间为(2.14±1.36)d.结论对后颅窝开颅手术术后发热患者要积极寻找发热原因,采用对应护理,及时预防和控制发热.     

银杏达莫注射液对脑梗死患者IL-1β、IL-6的影响

目的观察银杏达莫注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法 80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,治疗组予以常规措施并加银杏达莫注射液治疗,对照组仅用常规治疗。观察治疗前后血清IL-1β、IL-6水平的变化。结果两组治疗后血清I L-1β、IL-6的浓度较治疗前有明显降低,但治疗组降低较对照组更显着(P<0.05)。结论银杏达莫注射液可显著降低急性脑梗死患者血清IL-1β、IL-6的水平而降低炎症反应,在治疗急性脑梗死中起重要作用。     

输尿管结石行体外冲击波碎石治疗后发生输尿管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨输尿管结石经体外冲击波碎石治疗后发生狭窄的危险因素。方法收集2006年7月至2011年7月就诊于我院首次行体外冲击波碎石治疗的输尿管结石患者的临床资料,先对所取临床指标进行单因素分析,然后进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果共收集行体外冲击波碎石的输尿管结石患者174例,其中发生术后输尿管狭窄的患者15例,狭窄发生率为8.62%,单因素分析显示:结石长径、肾积水程度、结石嵌顿时间以及碎石次数与术后输尿管狭窄发生相关,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:结石长径、肾积水程度以及碎石次数是患者发生输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素。结论对于肾积水程度较重、结石长径较大、预期碎石次数较多的输尿管结石患者,行体外冲击波碎石后发生狭窄的可能性相对较高,在治疗选择上应更加慎重,提倡选择体外冲击波碎石之外更加安全有效的治疗方式。     

Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery

To maximize tumor excision and minimize collateral damage are the primary goals of cancer surgery. Emerging molecular imaging techniques have made “image-guided surgery” developed into “molecular imaging-guided surgery”, which is termed as “targeted surgery” in this review. Consequently, the precision of surgery can be advanced from tissue-scale to molecule-scale, enabling “targeted surgery” to be a component of “targeted therapy”. Evidence from numerous experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated significant benefits of fluorescent imaging in targeted surgery with preoperative molecular diagnostic screening. Fluorescent imaging can help to improve intraoperative staging and enable more radical cytoreduction, detect obscure tumor lesions in special organs, highlight tumor margins, better map lymph node metastases, and identify important normal structures intraoperatively. Though limited tissue penetration of fluorescent imaging and tumor heterogeneity are two major hurdles for current targeted surgery, multimodality imaging and multiplex imaging may provide potential solutions to overcome these issues, respectively. Moreover, though many fluorescent imaging techniques and probes have been investigated, targeted surgery remains at a proof-of-principle stage. The impact of fluorescent imaging on cancer surgery will likely be realized through persistent interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.