New Sub-Classification of Vancouver B2 Periprosthetic Hip Fractures According to Fracture Pattern

IntroductionThere is currently a debate on whether all Vancouver type B2 (V-B2) periprosthetic hip fractures (PPHF) should be revised. Vancouver classification takes into account fracture location, implant stability and bone stock, but it does not distinguish between fracture patterns. The aim of our work was to study the different fracture patterns of V-B2 PPHF and to analyze if there is any pattern that presents lower osteosynthesis failure rates.Material and methodsAll patients with V-B2 PPHF treated by osteosynthesis between January 2009 and January 2019 were included in the study. Using the Gruen system the proximal femur was divided into 3 zones. The lateral zone (Gruen 1±2±3), medial zone (Gruen 5±6±7), and distal zone (Gruen 4±3±5) were analysed and it was determined whether each of the 3 zones was fractured.Results56 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 79 years (R 45 - 92). The chosen treatment was: 39 Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 10 Stem revision and 7 nonoperatively treatment. In ORIF group, no implant complications (0/24) were found in patients with a single fractured zone, while 5 implant complications (5/15) were discovered in patients with two or more fractured areas; this difference was significant (p=0.0147). All patients treated by stem revision had a fracture that involved two or more zones. In the nonoperatively group, the fracture pattern did not influence the treatment because of all of them had a very precarious functional and medical situation.ConclusionsV-B2 PPHF treated via ORIF affecting only one zone (medial, lateral, or distal) have a lower risk of complication than those affecting two or more zones. We propose a sub-classification of Vancouver B2 type fractures: B2.1 (1 fractured zone) and B2.2 (≥2 fractured zones).Level of evidenceHistorical cohorts. Level III     

C7后路椎板螺钉固定解剖学可行性研究

目的:测量C7椎板的解剖学参数,探讨C7后路椎板螺钉固定的可行性。方法:用游标卡尺和量角器测量22具成人C7标本与椎板螺钉进钉技术相关的解剖学数据,指标包括椎板上、中、下部分的厚度(分别为T1、T2、T3),椎板高度(H),进钉点至椎弓根内侧壁及侧块外侧壁的距离(分别为L1、L2),椎板轴线与矢状面的夹角(α)。结果:椎板上部厚度(T1)平均为(4.30±0.27)mm;中部厚度(T2)平均为(5.32±0.27)mm,27%(6例)小于4.50mm;下部厚度(T3)平均为(4.78±0.26)mm;椎板中下部厚度均大于4.50mm;椎板高度(H)平均为(14.83±0.26)mm;进钉点至椎弓根内侧壁的距离(L1)平均为(26.99±0.48)mm;最长钉道长度(L2)平均(41.60±1.10)mm;椎板与矢状面夹角(α)平均(49.3±1.1)°。结论:C7后路椎板螺钉固定是可行的,适用于多数患者(73%)。与C7椎弓根螺钉技术相比,椎板螺钉技术更简单,神经血管损伤的可能性更低。     

儿童严重移位肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的治疗策略

目的：探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的临床特点及治疗策略。方法：对2000年6月至2006年12月收治的28例肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的患儿进行总结分析,所有骨折均为GartlandⅢ型,其中闭合性损伤24例,开放性损伤4例。16例（A组）行闭合复位穿针固定,12例（B组）行骨折切开复位并神经探查。切开手术者发现8例神经为挫伤,3例为嵌顿伤,1例为断裂伤。结果：28例神经功能均完全恢复,其中闭合复位穿针者4～6周内恢复13例,8～10周2例,12周1例;切开手术者神经功能恢复4～6周6例,8～10周3例,12～16周3例。结论：儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤者,大部分损伤的神经功能可以在骨折闭合复位后逐步恢复,但必要时切开复位、神经探查、修复,同样有重要的现实意义。     

两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2006年12月应用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折117例,按克氏针固定方式分组：两针组45例,男31例,女14例;年龄1～11岁,平均5.6岁;Garland Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型26例。三针组72例,男47例,女25例;年龄2～12岁,平均6.8岁;Garland Ⅱ型22例,Ⅲ型50例。术后测量肘关节屈伸范围及提携角,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准及术后并发症情况,分析两种克氏针内固定方式的疗效。结果：所有患儿均获随访,时间2～24个月,平均15.4个月。两针组45例：优27例,良12例,可4例,差2例,41例术后6周均获得骨性愈合,4例术后1周骨折端移位,固定失败,肘内翻畸形2例。三针组72例：优60例,良11例,差1例,所有患儿术后6周均获得骨性愈合,屈伸活动度经功能锻炼后基本恢复正常,肘内翻畸形1例。结论：克氏针固定是一种稳定而可靠的治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折方法,内外髁三针交叉固定较单纯外髁两针固定有更大的优点。     

有限元方法在上颈椎生物力学研究中的应用进展

生物力学因素在上颈椎疾患的发病机制中具有十分重要的意义。传统的生物力学实验方法,如动物实验、物理实验、体外(尸体)实验存在不足。有限元方法作为一种新的生物力学研究方法,可在持续性研究中重复及改变任何质量与定量变化,同时可提供局部以及内部的机制反应,有效地弥补现行方法的不足。本文就其在上颈椎生物力学研究中的应用进行综述,包括各种上颈椎有限元模型的建模方法,及其对上颈椎病理生理机制和内固定器械的生物力学分析。     

A novel anatomical self-locking plate fixation for both-column acetabular fractures

PurposeTo compare the stability of the posterior anatomic self-locking plate (PASP) with two types of popular reconstruction plate fixation, i.e. double reconstruction plate (DRP) and cross reconstruction plate (CRP), and to explore the influence of sitting and turning right/left on implants.MethodsPASP, DRP and CRP were assembled on a finite element model of both-column fractures of the left acetabulum. A load of 600 N and a torque of 8 N·m were loaded on the S1 vertebral body to detect the change of stress and displacement when sitting and turning right/left.ResultsThe peak stress and displacement of the three kinds of fixation methods under all loading conditions were CRP > DRP > PASP. The peak stress and displacement of PASP are 313.5 MPa and 1.15 mm respectively when turning right; and the minimal was 234.0 Mpa and 0.619 mm when turning left.ConclusionPASP can provide higher stability than DRP and CRP for both-column acetabular fractures. The rational movement after posterior DRP and PASP fixation for acetabular fracture is to turn to the ipsilateral side, which can avoid implant failure.     

预测肘关节三联征术后恢复的Nomogram图模型建立

目的：通过对肘关节三联征（triad of elbow,TE）的危险因素进行分析,建立个体化预测TE患者术后恢复的Nomogram图预测模型。方法：纳入2012年1月至2018年12月符合标准的TE患者116例,收集临床资料,采用单因素Logistic回归分析筛选独立危险因素,将有统计意义的危险因素纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,采用R软件建立预测TE患者术后恢复的Nomogram图模型,采用C-index验证模型的区分度,Calibration plot验证模型的一致性,采用决策曲线（decision curve analysis,DCA）验证模型的临床净获益率。结果：116例TE患者术后出现症状44例,发生率为37.93%。年龄（OR=1.930,95%CI 1.418~2.764）,工作性质（OR=6.153,95%CI 1.466~31.362）,吸烟（OR=4.463,95%CI 1.041~2.291）,桡骨头Mason分型（OR=1.348,95%CI 2.309~9.348）,冠状突Regan-Morrey分型（OR=4.424,95%CI 1.751~2.426）以及术后肘关节制动时间（OR=7.665,95%CI 1.056~5.100）均是影响TE术后恢复的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。Nomogram图的C-index为0.716,Calibration plot显示预测模型一致性良好,DCA曲线显示满意的临床净获益。结论：基于年龄、工作性质、吸烟、桡骨头Mason分型、冠状突Regan-Morrey分型以及术后肘关节制动时间这6项独立危险因素建立的预测TE患者术后恢复的Nomogram图模型,具有良好的区分度和一致性,临床实用价值高,帮助临床医生甄别高风险人群、制定对应干预对策。     

An overview of 3D printing and the orthopaedic application of patient-specific models in malunion surgery

As the emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing impacts several facets of medicine, innovative techniques and applications are increasingly being incorporated into clinical workflows. Specifically, 3D printing technology has allowed for the individualization of patient care through the creation of printed surgical guides, patient-specific anatomical models, and simulation practice models.In this paper, we review the broad applications of 3D printing in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this paper is to help orthopaedic trauma surgeons understand 3D printing's emerging influence on the delivery of care as well as how to directly apply this technology to their practice. We aim to illustrate these principles through a specific example of a patient who presented for malunion surgery. A 3D printed model of a very complex traumatic scapula malunion was used to not only pre-surgically plan the reconstruction, but to also facilitate provider and patient education. This paper highlights the benefits of 3D printing and how trauma surgeons are uniquely positioned to apply this technology to improve patient care.