全髋置换术与全髋表面置换术治疗骨关节炎的Meta分析

目的 系统评价全髋置换术(THA)与全髋表面置换术(THRA)治疗骨关节炎的疗效和安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library(2012年3期)、EMbase、PLoS、美国国立卫生院临床试验库、澳大利亚国家关节置换注册网、英国国家关节注册网、英国骨科协会网(BOA)、加拿大骨科协会网(COA)、美国骨科医师学会网(AAOS)、德国医疗文档和信息学会网(DIMDI)和CBM等数据库,全面收集THA与THRA治疗骨关节炎的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为建库至2012年11月,并追溯纳入研究的参考文献.由两位研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 纳入6个RCT(涉及10篇文献),共518例患者,其中全髋置换术259例,全髋表面置换术259例.8篇文献偏倚风险为中等,2篇文献偏倚风险为低.Meta分析结果显示,术后早期,THA与THRA相比,THA为患者带来更大的股骨偏心距改善;但两组患者在Merle d'Aubigné Postel评分、WOMAC评分、UCLA评分、SF-36生活质量量表、步速、步幅、步行节律、术后双下肢不等长程度以及并发症发生率方面,差异无统计学意义.结论 现有证据显示,THA手术改善患者股骨偏心距的效果较THRA更好,两种术式在其他指标方面无显著差异.     

阿坝州壤塘县大骨节病区与四川成都地区儿童手部X线对比分析

目的通过与四川成都地区正常儿童手部X线片对比分析,了解四川阿坝州壤塘县地区儿童大骨节病发病情况及特点。方法选取4~16岁阿坝壤塘南木达乡异地育人学校学生与成都地区正常儿童对比分析。全部儿童进行双手X线摄片,X线片由来自四川省疾病预防控制中心、四川大学华西医院骨科、影像科、风湿免疫科及小儿外科共10人组成的阅片专家组共同判读。结果壤塘县儿童手部X线片显示锥形骨骺及异常改变多,14.6%的儿童出现食指、中指、环指近、中节多发、对称的异常改变,成都地区儿童未发现。结论说明在政府积极干预下,一方面壤塘县大骨节病表现非典型化,另一方面,其致病因子依然存在。探索大骨节病致病机理,寻求早预防,早诊断的方法,依然是我国骨科和地病学者需共同承担的责任。     

Development of a machine learning algorithm for prediction of failure of nonoperative management in spinal epidural abscess

BACKGROUND CONTEXTData regarding risk of failure of nonoperative management in spinal epidural abscess (SEA) are limited. Given the potential for deterioration with treatment failure, a tool that predicts the probability of failure would be of great clinical utility.PURPOSEWe primarily aim to build a machine learning model using independent predictors of nonoperative management failure. Secondarily, we aim to develop an open-access web-based application that provides a patient-specific probability of treatment failure.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective, case-control study.PATIENT SAMPLEPatients 18 years or older diagnosed with SEA at 2 academic medical centers and 3 community hospitals.OUTCOME MEASURESFailure of nonoperative management.METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of 367 patients with SEA initially managed nonoperatively between 1993 and 2016. The primary outcome was failure of nonoperative management defined as neurologic deterioration, worsened back and/or radicular pain, or persistent symptoms despite initiation of antibiotic therapy. Five machine learning algorithms were developed and assessed by discrimination, calibration, and overall performance.RESULTSNinety-nine (27%) patients failed nonoperative management. Factors determined for prediction of nonoperative management were: motor deficit, diabetes, ventral component of abscess relative to thecal sac, history of compression or pathologic vertebral fracture, sensory deficit, active malignancy, and involvement of 3 or more vertebral levels. The elastic-net penalized logistic regression model was chosen as the final model given its superior discrimination, calibration, and overall model performance. This model was incorporated into an open access web application.CONCLUSIONBy building a discriminative and well-calibrated model in a user-friendly and open-access digital interface, we hope to provide a prognostic tool that can be used to inform clinical decision-making in real-time.     

Treatment outcome of the Masquelet technique in 195 infected bone defects–A single-center,retrospective case series

BackgroundThe Masquelet technique is a surgical procedure for the reconstruction of bone defects. During the first step, an osteosynthetically stabilized defect is filled with a cement spacer. The spacer induces a foreign body membrane, called a Masquelet membrane. In a follow-up procedure, the spacer is replaced by a bone graft, which ossifies in the subsequent phase.Material and MethodsA total of 171 patients with 195 septic bone defects on the extremities that had been treated with the Masquelet procedure at the BG Klinikum in Hamburg, Germany, from 2011 to 2021 were retrospectively analysed, comparing patients who reached full weight and load bearing on the affected extremity to those who failed to do so. Defect size and configuration, microbiological results and treatment methods as well as comorbidities and epidemiologic data were analysed for factors influencing the treatment outcome.ResultsIn all, 113[66%] of the patients were male, and 58[34%] were female, with an age distribution of 52 +/-16 years. Out of 171 patients, 24 patients had two defects. The number of patients that reached full weight bearing was 152[89%], the follow-up period was 2 +/-1 years (median +/- SD). Full weight bearing capability was negatively by the defect size as defects >62 mm tended to be less likely to reach full weight bearing than smaller defects. A secondary stabilization with an internal stabilization was applied in 58[34%] of all patients and positively influenced the attainment of full weight and load bearing.DiscussionWith 171 patients and 195 septic bone defects treated at a single centre with the Masquelet Technique, this study represents a comparably large cohort. Demographics, defect characteristics and treatment outcomes did not differ from those of other cohorts described in the literature. Defects larger than 62 mm showed lower chances to reach full weight bearing and can be defined as "critical defect size" for the Masquelet technique based on our data.     

The perceptions of clinicians using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for orthopaedic pathology: A national qualitative study

IntroductionLow-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive treatment modality for delayed union or non-union of acute fractures. We aimed to assess the current use of LIPUS at a national level in the United Kingdom, why and how clinicians use it, what treatment protocols are followed, and what the current perceptions are on this technology.MethodologyUsing a detailed online survey compromised of 20 questions delivered to known LIPUS users, we were able to collect qualitative data on indication of use, type of machine used, personal views on the technology, frequency of usage, and treatment protocols. Each question was peer-reviewed to exclude bias.ResultsA total of 70 respondents completed the survey. LIPUS was used by most clinicians for cases of non-union (N = 55, 78.5%) and delayed union (N = 51, 72.8%). The majority of respondents personally used a LIPUS device between 1 and 5 times in 12 months (N = 38, 54.3%). Most considered LIPUS a failure after three to six months of treatment without clinical improvement (N = 39, 55.7%). A total of 32 respondents (45.7%) mentioned the need for funding approval before accessing LIPUS technology. Poor revision surgery candidates (N = 48, 68.6%) and atrophic non-union (N = 46, 65.7%) were the most frequently cited reasons for using LIPUS technology as treatment. Most participants (N = 48, 68.6%) considered LIPUS to be cost-effective. Despite most clinicians being comfortable with the use of LIPUS, some respondents did not understand the basic science underpinning the technology nor could explain the need for LIPUS to patients comfortably.ConclusionLIPUS technology may have a significant role to play in the treatment of orthopaedic fracture related pathology. Regular users perceived the technology to be cost-effective and efficacious. Further research should standardize treatment protocols and aim to establish a national LIPUS registry     

Complications and timing of soft tissue coverage after complete articular,open tibial plateau fractures

PurposeComplete articular tibial plateau fractures are typically high-energy injuries associated with significant soft tissue trauma. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of wound complications and need for soft tissue coverage after open, complete articular tibial plateau fractures. The secondary aim was to study the effect of timing of fixation and timing of flap coverage on deep infection rates in these injuries.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients > 18 years undergoing ORIF of a Bicondylar Tibial Plateau (BTP) fracture between 2001 and 2018. Surgical data were recorded for open fractures including number of debridements, timing of definitive ORIF and soft tissue coverage relative to injury. Primary outcomes included rates of deep infection and unplanned reoperation.Results508 AO/OTA 41C BTP fractures were identified, with 51 open fractures included in 50 patients with a mean (SD) age 45.7 (12.3) years and a mean (SD) follow up of 4.3 (3.8) years. There were 20 cases of deep infection, unplanned reoperation occurred in 26 cases. The majority of cases (28 fractures) had initial external fixation placed, while 24 had ORIF at the initial debridement. Twelve patients had a planned flap for definitive closure on average of 6.4 days (SD 3.9) after injury, 14 required a flap for wound complications. Among patients with IIB and C injuries, rates of deep infection (5/6 vs 1/6, p = 0.02) and reoperation (5/7 vs 2/6, p = 0.08) were higher in patients treated with flap coverage >7 days from injury compared to early flap coverage. There were no differences in complication rates between early (<24hrs) and delayed fixation.ConclusionsComplete articular, open tibial plateau fractures are associated with high rates of complications. Time to flap coverage of seven days or more was a significant predictor of deep infection and unplanned reoperation in this cohort. Patients should be counseled about the high rate of unplanned reoperation and definitive soft tissue coverage should be accomplished within a week of injury whenever possible.     

The incidence of transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients

Background and Objectives. Transient radicular irritation (TRI) has been described after spinal anesthesia, particularly with 5% hyperbaric spinal lidocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TRI in obstetric patients. Methods. All obstetric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia during a 9-month period were enrolled in the study (n = 303). Details of the anesthetic technique were recorded at the time of anesthesia. A blinded anesthesia nurse contacted each patient on post-operative day 2 and asked about symptoms of TRI. Results. Most patients received either intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% (n = 232) or lidocaine 5% (n = 67) through pencil-point needles. Cerebrospinal fluid was used to dilute the spinal lidocaine in 63% of patients. Patients receiving bupivacaine were more often in the supine position, underwent significantly longer procedures, and more often received intrathecal opioid. The incidence of TRI after lidocaine spinal anesthesia was 0% (95% confidence interval 0–4.5%). Conclusions. The incidence of TRI after spinal lidocaine anesthesia in the obstetric population is low.     

以脱细胞牛软骨基质为支架体外构建组织工程软骨的实验研究

目的以脱细胞牛软骨基质（acellular cartilaginous matrix,ACM）作支架体外构建组织工程软骨,了解其作为软骨组织工程支架的可行性。方法 2003年1月-2005年12月联合应用冻干-反复冻融-酶消化法对牛软骨基质行脱细胞处理。将体外培养扩增的2～5代兔软骨细胞接种在材料上,体外培养3周,观察软骨细胞在支架材料上的生长分布情况。结果软骨细胞在制备的ACM上可较好地黏附生长,并且分泌大量Ⅱ型胶原和葡萄糖胺聚糖;但软骨细胞不能长入ACM内部,只能在表层生长,少量软骨细胞分布在ACM孔隙中。结论 ACM支架材料具有良好的细胞相容性和活性,并且能促进软骨细胞增殖和维持软骨细胞表型。