皮肤移植物抗宿主病发病机制研究进展

移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是目前造成异基因造血干细胞移植广泛应用的主要阻碍,是一种可以累及皮肤、肝脏、肺脏、胃肠道等全身各个系统的并发症,其中皮肤是最易受累的器官。目前,皮肤GVHD的发病机制尚未完全阐明,且缺乏有效的治疗手段。重度或广泛型慢性GVHD极大地影响受者的生活质量,因此研究皮肤GVHD的发病机制,从中找到新的治疗方法非常迫切。研究发现白细胞介素(IL)-22、IL-17、IL-6和干扰素(IFN)-γ等细胞因子在皮肤GVHD的发生中扮演重要的角色,但具体作用机制仍不够明确。因此,本文就国内外关于这些细胞因子在皮肤GVHD中的作用机制研究进展做一综述,以期为皮肤GVHD的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

左乙拉西坦预防小儿热性惊厥复发疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价左乙拉西坦预防小儿热性惊厥复发的有效性与安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Embsae、CBM、Wan fang Data、VIP和CNKI数据库,查找关于以左乙拉西坦为干预措施预防小儿热性惊厥复发的随机对照试验,并追查纳入排除文献的参考文献。检索时限均从建库至2016年3月20日。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入5个研究,共计475例患者。Meta分析结果显示：与常规退热治疗相比,左乙拉西坦可以明显降低热性惊厥的复发率［RR=0.30,95%CI(0.21,0.43),P<0.01］;不能降低癫痫发生率［RR=1.11,95%CI（0.26,4.79),P=0.89］;同时会增加不良反应发生率［RR=4.36,95%CI(1.01,18.76),P=0.05］。结论左乙拉西坦在预防小儿热性惊厥复发方面具有较好的疗效,不能降低癫痫发生率,会增加不良反应发生,由于纳入研究存在偏倚可能,尚需更多高质量、多中心、大规模RCT进一步验证。     

Metabolism-associated genes in occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancer: Latest progress and future prospect

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. The occurrence and progression of GI cancer involve multiple events. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is intricately related to tumorigenesis. Many metabolic genes are involved in the occurrence and development of GI cancer. Research approaches combining tumor genomics and metabolomics are more likely to provide deeper insights into this field. In this paper, we review the roles of metabolism-associated genes, especially those involved in the regulation pathways, in the occurrence and progression of GI cancer. We provide the latest progress and future prospect into the different molecular mechanisms of metabolism-associated genes involved in the occurrence and development of GI cancer.     

Expenditure and financial burden for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China: a hospital-based,multicenter,cross-sectional survey

Background:The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment.We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods:We conducted a multicenter,cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014.Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire.All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan (CNY;1 CNY =0.163 USD).We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup (hospital type,age at diagnosis,sex,education,occupation,insurance type,household income,clinical stage,pathologic type,and therapeutic regimen).We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results:A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included,57.1％ of whom were men;13.9％ of patients had stage Ⅰ cancer;and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY,and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲll,and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY,59,952 CNY,67,292 CNY,and 82,729 CNY,respectively.Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3％ of the overall expenditure.The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY,which accounted for 59.9％ of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0％ of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden.Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups (P ＜ 0.05),except for sex.Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spend more,whereas those with a lower household income and those who underwent surgery spent less (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:For patients in China,direct expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC seemed catastrophic,and non-medical expenditure was non-ignorable.The financial burden varied among subgroups,especially among patients with different clinical stages of disease,which suggests that,in China,CRC screening might be cost-effective.     

钙结合蛋白S100A12水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨血清钙结合蛋白S100A12水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD) 病情严重程度的关系及其在AECOPD严重程度中的诊断价值。方法 选取2016年11月至2017年2月在甘肃省人民医院呼吸科住院的AECOPD患者40例,并以同期健康体检者20例作为对照。收集AECOPD患者就诊当天及治疗缓解后出院前天空腹检测的超敏C反应蛋白（hs CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）值,应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测入组当天及治疗后出院前天血清钙结合蛋白S100A12水平。结果 AECOPD组治疗前血清钙结合蛋白S100A12水平显著高于治疗后（P<0.05）,且高于健康对照组（P<0.05）;AECOPD组治疗前血清钙结合蛋白S100A12水平与hs CRP、PCT呈正相关（r=0.414,P<0.01; r=0.326,P<0.05）,治疗后与hs CRP、PCT无相关性。结论 钙结合蛋白S100A12水平可用作AECOPD病情严重程度的评估及诊断指标。     

扶正祛邪解毒类中药复方联合新辅助化疗在局部进展期胃癌中调控肿瘤免疫微环境的机制研究进展

目的：总结扶正祛邪解毒类中药复方联合新辅助化疗在局部进展期胃癌中调控肿瘤免疫微环境的机制研究进展,期待为进展期胃癌的诊疗与科学研究提供参考。方法：依据中医对胃癌病机及治法认识,总结“健脾益气类、扶正祛邪类及解毒抗癌类”中药复方联合新辅助化疗在进展期胃癌中可能的免疫调控机制。结果：益气扶正解毒类中药复方联合新辅助化疗可通过双向、多靶点、多环节调控免疫细胞,即重塑肿瘤免疫微环境,使癌细胞失去赖以生存的内环境而发生自噬或凋亡,从而达到抗癌的目的。结论：扶正祛邪解毒类中药复方联合新辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌疗效确切,且安全性良好,具有一定的临床价值。     

恩替卡韦仿制药与原研药治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床有效性和安全性meta分析

目的 评价恩替卡韦原研药与仿制药治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床有效性及安全性。方法 系统梳理国内外相关文献,对恩替卡韦的有效性和安全性开展评价。采用定性、定量相结合的方式进行评价分析。结果 Meta分析结果显示,仿制恩替卡韦与原研恩替卡韦相比,用药12周及48周后,其HBV-DNA阴转率、ALT复常率、血清HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg血清转换率、HBeAg/HBeAb血清转换率及不良反应发生率均无统计学意义。不同疗程的亚组分析显示,各项指标的差异均无统计学意义。结论 本研究结果显示,从临床有效性和安全性考虑,恩替卡韦仿制药和原研药并无明显差异。但受限于纳入文献质量和数量,仍需大样本、多中心的RCT来证实该结论。     

The relationship between T-cell infiltration in biopsy proven acute T-cell mediated rejection with allograft function and response to therapy: A retrospective study

AimTo evaluate the degree of CD3, CD20, Th17, and Tregs infiltration in kidney biopsy of the patients with acute cellular rejection and the possible relation with graft outcome.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, fifty patients with Acute T Cell-Mediated Rejection (ATCMR) were enrolled. Previous and one year clinical follow-up data were collected. The kidney specimens were evaluated for infiltration of CD3, CD20, FOXP3, and Th17 with IHC. According to the serum creatinine level in one-year follow-up of the patients after rejection therapy and function of the transplanted organ from the day admitted into the hospital, they were respectively categorized in Stable graft function versus impaired graft function; appropriate response to treatment versus failure to response.ResultsTreg (P = 0.96) and Th17 (P = 0.24) cells were more in the unstable group than the stable group, but the difference wasn't significant. On the other hand, the FOXP3/Th17 ratio was higher in the stable group (P = 0.22). Moreover Treg (P = 0.1) and Th17 (P = 0.15) were higher in failure to response group, but FOXP3/Th17 was higher in proper response group (P = 0.8).ConclusionFrom the results, it can be concluded that TH17 infiltration has a more significant effect on graft outcome and response to rejection therapy.     

The effect of navigation programme on the management of symptoms related to head and neck radiotherapy

BackgroundThis study aims to determine the effect of navigation programme in the management of symptoms related to head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy.MethodsThis randomized, controlled and experimental study was conducted between November 2018 and March 2020 with the participation of 88 patients with HNC receiving radiotherapy. Referring to the pre-prepared randomization checklist, 41 people were randomized to the experimental group and 47 to the control group. While the standard treatment approaches of the hospital were applied to all patients, the patients in the experimental group were applied an additional nursing navigation program. At the beginning of the navigation program, the patients were given a 30-minute visual training on the first day of radiotherapy and a handbook related to the expected adverse effects. Throughout subsequent seven weeks, the patient continued to be followed up via phone reminders, providing daily counseling and a weekly follow-up. Patient identification form, CTCAE v5.0 toxicity criteria and EORTC QLQ-30, H&N35 assessment questionnaires were used in the study. The first result was the difference observed in quality of life scores at the beginning, middle and end of radiotherapy.ResultsData obtained from the study revealed that the quality of life scores (p < 0.05) improved while the navigation program reduced the severity of symptoms such as mucositis, dysphagia, oral pain and weight loss (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt was concluded that navigation programme is an effective approach for patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy.Trial registration: NCT04857749.     

右侧腋窝-双侧乳晕入路机器人甲状腺切除术与传统手术的疗效对比

目的:探究右侧腋窝-双侧乳晕入路达芬奇机器人甲状腺切除术的安全性及短期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年6月就诊于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院普通外科并确诊为甲状腺癌行甲状腺切除术的185例患者。其中行达芬奇机器人辅助手术（机器人组）的患者87例,行传统开放手术（传统手术组）的患者98例,随访资料截取至术后3月。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中神经损伤率、术中甲状旁腺损伤率、中央区淋巴结清扫情况、引流天数、引流液总量、切口并发症发生率、术后疼痛评分、术后3月术区感觉、术后3月美容评分等指标。结果:两组患者在肿瘤位置、肿瘤直径、性别、体重指数、中央区淋巴结清扫情况、引流天数、引流液总量、神经损伤率、切口并发症发生率以及术后72 h疼痛评分上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,机器人组较传统手术组在年龄［(38.60±10.00) vs (45.95±10.79)岁］、手术时间［(178.80±43.58) vs (136.19±43.22)min］、术中出血量［(27.01±21.81) vs (36.84±30.31)mL］、甲状旁腺损伤率(26.44% vs 42.86%)、术后24 h疼痛评分［(3.33±0.58) vs (4.47±0.68)分］、术后48 h疼痛评分［(1.62±0.58) vs (2.19±0.73)分］、术后3月颈部感觉异常率(3.45% vs 11.22%)、术后3月美容评分［(8.60±1.08) vs (5.39±1.12)分］上两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:右侧腋窝-双侧乳晕入路达芬奇机器人甲状腺切除术在一定条件下是安全有效的,在降低术中出血量及甲状旁腺的损伤率上可能更具有优势,并且术后患者疼痛程度低、美容效果好。