How specific are inhibitory deficits to obsessive-compulsive disorder? A neurophysiological comparison with panic disorder

ObjectiveImpaired inhibition may perpetuate repetitive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however OCD-specific deficits have yet to be established. We investigated neural correlates of inhibition in OCD vs. healthy and anxious controls.MethodsERPs and reaction times (RTs) were compared between participants with OCD (n = 20), panic disorder (PD; n = 20) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 20) during an adapted Go/NoGo task, which manipulated inhibitory difficulty.ResultsA classic P3 NoGo anteriorisation effect occurred across groups. Both clinical groups showed RT impairment, and similar topographical anomalies of several (P2, N2 and P3) ERP components. Notably, both clinical groups lacked the strong frontally maximal N2 component topography seen in the HCs, across stimuli. Additionally, with increasing inhibitory difficulty, N2 latency increased in HCs but not in the clinical groups.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, ERP and behavioural anomalies during inhibition in OCD were not qualitatively different to those in PD, but were generally more severe. Common general and inhibitory deficits may underlie intrusive mental phenomena in both conditions.SignificanceThis first ERP response inhibition study in OCD to include anxious controls disconfirmed hypotheses regarding OCD-specific inhibitory deficits, indicating the importance of comparing OCD to other conditions, to evaluate neurobiological models.     

依托社区医院开展居民院前急救知识普及

目的探讨居民院前急救知识普及的最佳模式。方法由社区医院对本辖区居民每月开展1次院前急救知识普及,普及形式为面授＋练习＋考核。采用广州市红十字会理论和技能评估工具在培训前、培训后1月对学员的培训效果及满意度进行评估。结果共开展培训13期,培训学员972人。学员培训后1个月的考核成绩明显高于培训前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。其中共有929人通过考核获得初级救护员证书,通过率为95.6%,华师社区初级救护员拥有率达到1.6%。学员对课程的满意度平均为94.6%。结论依托社区医院开展居民院前急救知识普及是一种比较合理、有效、节约的培训模式,可以大大提高社区居民应对公共突发事件的应急能力。     

利用Stein-Weiss解析函数结合反向传播神经网络进行血管分割

针对传统反向传播（BP）神经网络对血管进行分割存在耗时长且识别率不高的问题,本研究提出一种新的基于Stein-Weiss解析函数的BP神经网络算法用于血管分割。首先为每个体素构建一个Stein-Weiss函数,然后根据Stein-Weiss解析函数的解析性,计算出相应体素的16个特征值,将这些特征值输入到BP神经网络的输入层,采用BP神经网络的自学习能力对这些数据进行分类学习,最后通过BP神经网络的泛化能力来获取血管边缘。对肝脏血管分割的实验结果表明,相对于传统的BP神经网络分割算法,该算法提取的函数血管边缘识别率高、细节丰富,分割效率也明显提高。     

斑鳜寄生河鲈锚首虫的种群动态

河鲈锚首虫Ancyrocephalus mogurndae是主要寄生于鳜鱼Siniperca spp.鳃上的一种单殖吸虫,此虫严重危害鳜鱼苗种,流行于珠江三角洲地区.2011年9月至2012年8月,对广东省肇庆市池塘养殖斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri寄生的河鲈锚首虫进行了一周年的种群动态研究,共检查斑鳜322尾.结果显示：斑鳜河鲈锚首虫的感染率在春夏两季较高,秋季较低,年均感染率为91.2％,其中有6个月达到了100％.其平均感染强度和平均丰度无明显的周年变化;感染率、平均感染强度和平均丰度与水温没有明显的相关关系,但河鲈锚首虫的感染强度与斑鳜的肥满度之间存在极显著的负相关关系.     

Differential effect of hypoxia on human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and hypertrophy in hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a conducive 3-D environment that supports the chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The HA macromer concentration in the hydrogels has a significant impact on the chondrogenesis of the encapsulated MSCs due to changes in the physical properties of the hydrogels. Meanwhile, hypoxia has been shown to promote MSC chondrogenesis and suppress subsequent hypertrophy. This study investigates the combinatorial effect of tuning HA macromer concentration (1.5–5% w/v) and hypoxia on MSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. To decouple the effect of HA concentration from that of crosslinking density, the HA hydrogel crosslinking density was adjusted by varying the extent of the reaction through the light exposure time while keeping the HA concentration constant (5% w/v at 5 or 15 min). It was found that hypoxia had no significant effect on the chondrogenesis and cartilaginous matrix synthesis of hMSCs under all hydrogel conditions. In contrast, the hypoxia-mediated positive or negative regulation of hMSC hypertrophy in HA hydrogels is dependent on the HA concentration but independent of the crosslinking density. Specifically, hypoxia significantly suppressed hMSC hypertrophy and neocartilage calcification in low HA concentration hydrogels, whereas hypoxia substantially enhanced hMSC hypertrophy, leading to elevated tissue calcification in high HA concentration hydrogels irrespective of their crosslinking density. In addition, at a constant high HA concentration, increasing hydrogel crosslinking density promoted hMSC hypertrophy and matrix calcification. To conclude, the findings from this study demonstrate that the effect of hypoxia on hMSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy is differentially influenced by the encapsulating HA hydrogel properties.     

中文版人际长处量表的模型验证及信效度检验

目的:将人际长处量表(Inventory of Interpersonal Strengths,IIS)引入中国,并在大学生群体中对其理论结构和信效度进行检验。方法:1115名在校大学生完成中文版人际长处量表(C-IIS)、部分被试完成大五人格量表(NEO-FFI)和生活满意度量表(SWLS)。结果:①探索性因子分析和环形结构分析证明C-IIS符合环形顺序假设并可拟合准环形模型;②8种人际长处类型与神经质人格显著负相关,与外向性和严谨性人格显著正相关,与生活满意度显著正相关;③总量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.96,8个分量表Cronbach’sα系数在0.70-0.90之间。结论:C-IIS符合人际环形模型并具有较好的信效度,可作为国内测量人际长处的有效工具。     

针灸治疗女性更年期综合征实验研究进展

从实验研究角度对近年来针灸治疗女性更年期综合征文献报道进行综述。在各种刺激方式中,以针刺法方面的研究最多,其研究主要体现在针灸对下丘脑-垂体-性轴、神经-内分泌-免疫的影响方面。通过综述可以看到针灸对女性绝经后生殖内分泌环境有调节作用。利用生物医学与多学科交叉优势,进一步提高针灸临床疗效,力争从多层次、多指标、多学科交叉的角度,探讨更年期综合征的发病机制及针灸治疗更年期综合征的作用机制,是今后工作的重点。     

卡维地洛对顺铂所致大鼠肾毒性预防作用的形态学研究

目的研究有机氯农药滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes,DDTs)对唐鱼的急性毒性,评价水环境中DDTs对鱼类的影响,为渔业部门制定水质标准提供参考。方法使用浸浴法以0.0125、0.025、0.045、0.08和0.14mg/L五个DDTs浓度为唐鱼染毒,计算其对仔鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度。结果DDTs对唐鱼仔鱼为剧毒物质,24、48h的LC50分别为0.243、0.049mg/L,其安全质量浓度为0.040mg/L。结论唐鱼对DDTs敏感,可以作为一种较理想的环境污染指示生物。     

高校教师职业生涯规划探析

高校教师职业生涯规划是高校和教师个人的共同目标，是实现高校和教师个人发展规划的有机结合。开展高校教师职业生涯规划工作是满足高校和教师双方需要的重要方式，它将二者的需要、目标相结合，以达到高校和教师的双赢局面。