Central depressant effects of reticuline extracted from Ocotea duckei in rats and mice

Neuropharmacological studies were carried out with reticuline, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from Ocotea duckei Vattimo. It was found that reticuline (50–100 mg/kg i.p.) produced alteration of behaviour pattern, prolongation of pentobarbital-induced sleep, reduction in motor coordination and d-amphetamine-induced hypermotility and suppression of the conditioned avoidance response. These observations suggest that reticuline possesses potent central nervous system depressant action.     

“Eco-Syndrome” (“Multiple Chemical Sensitivity” — MCS)

In the physicians's practice in past decades, an increasing number of patients suffering from polysomatic complaints with a subjective feeling of allergy against environmental noxious agents have been seen. Various names for this condition include “EcoSyndrome” or “Multiple Chemical Sensitivity” (MCS), “Multiorgan Dysesthesia” or “Idiopathic Environmental Intolerances”. The uncertainty in the nomenclature reflects the deficiency in the knowledge of the etiopathophysiology and accordingly the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Most patients have completed an odyssey of visiting various specialists including psychiatrists and undergone many kinds of so-called alternative or parascientific procedures. We studied such patients since the early 1980s performing intensive interdisciplinary and allergological investigations. In about two third of the patients psychiatric or psychosomatic disturbances were obvious, but in one third of the patients somatic pathophysiological conditions were regarded as predominant cause of the present complaints. Many patients exhibited various pathophysiological patterns including somatic and psychosomatic alterations. Measurements of indoor air pollutants in the dust or in the air showed in some cases increased values of aromatic hydrocarbones, terpenes etc., without, however, explaining the main complaints. We conclude from our experience that patients presenting with hypersensitivity phenomena related to indoor air pollution are a heterogeneous group. There is no evidence, that “MCS” really exists, often it is diagnosed by the patients themselves. The term “eco-syndrome” describes a “working diagnosis” in order to apply careful interdisciplinary investigations for this heterogeneous group of patients. For the practical management of these patients mutual confidence is a prerequisite for success. The role of indoor air pollutants in triggering unspecific complaints beyond the exclusively toxicological field remains to be elucidated by future studies.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国居民自我防护行为的特征及影响因素

  目的  分析2020年我国居民在COVID-19疫情防控期间出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会的行为特征,探讨以上4种个人防护行为的群体差异及其影响因素,从而为进一步做好疫情防控提供科学依据。  方法  从“2020年新冠疫情防控及其影响调查”中选取18周岁及以上的全国居民作为研究对象,共4 123人。采用χ2检验比较不同特征人群在出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会4种行为上的差异,并利用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析4种行为的影响因素。  结果  调查对象做到上述4种个人防护行为的比例都很高,分别为96.09%、94.66%、91.12%和95.22%。同时存在群体差异,多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示,出门戴口罩的影响因素为性别(OR=2.40, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=0.48, P < 0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.27, P=0.001; OR=0.13, P < 0.001);外出回家洗手的影响因素为性别(OR=2.18, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=3.14, P < 0.001; OR=8.29, P < 0.001; OR=4.69, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=0.73, P=0.050)、受教育程度(OR=1.53, P=0.059; OR=2.35, P < 0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.70, P=0.089);避免不必要外出的影响因素为性别(OR=2.05, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.77, P < 0.001; OR=3.30, P < 0.001; OR=5.43, P < 0.001)、城乡(OR=1.64, P=0.001)、受教育程度(OR=1.50, P=0.026)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.73, P=0.056; OR=0.63, P=0.002);减少不必要聚会的影响因素为性别(OR=1.97, P < 0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.94, P < 0.001; OR=3.00, P=0.002; OR=3.33, P=0.003)、受教育程度(OR=0.52, P=0.032; OR=0.61, P=0.097)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.69, P=0.094; OR=0.58, P=0.006)。  结论  COVID-19疫情防控期间我国居民在个人防护方面总体做得很好,表现出一定的群体差异,相关政策的制定及个人防护的宣传应对特定人群和特定区域有所偏重。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情演变特征探索——基于函数型数据视角

  目的  探索和分析COVID-19疫情发展以来各地COVID-19病例数随时间的演变特征,以发现疫情发展特点并比较不同的卫生防疫思路,为公共卫生管理积累经验。  方法  从函数型数据视角分析处理累计病例数据,采用函数型主成分分析刻画各地累计病例数据随时间变化的主要演变特征,并利用函数型主成分得分对各地累计病例数据曲线进行层次聚类,找出各地疫情演变发展的相似性。  结果  各地的累计确诊、治愈和死亡病例在各时段上分别保留了前3个主成分,反映了样本数据在不同时期的主要变异性。各时段上分别把各地聚成了5类,每类的国家随时间发展有所变动。  结论  全球疫情处于持续的起伏发展态势,分别在2020年6月底、9月底、11月底呈现反复的增长,表明目前尚未有有效办法遏制疫情,且聚类结果的变化也表明集中隔离和严格管控入境人员依然是目前较快速有效的防控措施。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对中国成人体重增加的影响及相关因素分析

  目的  分析COVID-19疫情对中国成年人群体重增加的影响。  方法  利用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心开展的新冠肺炎疫情综合影响调查,通过随机数字拨号,于全国各个地级市抽取18岁及以上的成年居民样本,并用电话调查系统进行问卷调查,本研究纳入数据分析的样本共2 051例。采用χ2检验比较不同特征样本人群受疫情影响的体重增加差异,并建立多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析体重增加的影响因素。  结果  研究对象疫情期间体重增加的比例较高(29.30%),多因素分析结果显示,女性、青年人群、城市居民、湖北省居民、所住社区有确诊病例、未被集中隔离或收治、受教育程度较高和家庭收入较低的人群体重增加可能性更大(均有P＜0.05)。  结论  COVID-19疫情使成年人群体重在短期内增加,可能会对部分人群造成长期健康效应,对于疫情期间体重增加高风险人群需要加以重视,疫情防控措施与指导也需对这一方面的健康风险加强关注。     

基于电子医疗数据的复方苦参注射液治疗适应症(恶性肿瘤)真实世界临床应用特征研究

基于医院信息管理系统电子医疗数据,分析真实世界复方苦参注射液治疗适应症(恶性肿瘤)的临床应用特征,为复方苦参注射液的临床合理应用提供参考。提取全国范围22家大型三甲医院44 588例使用复方苦参注射液治疗适应症患者电子医疗数据,对一般信息、西医诊断、用药剂量、用药疗程、联合用药、出院转归等特征,进行基于频数与率的描述性分析。复方苦参注射液治疗适应症人群平均年龄57.30岁;男性多于女性;以肿瘤科、门诊入院为主,入院病情多为一般;西医诊断常见肺、肝、胃、结肠、乳腺等恶性肿瘤;单次用药剂量10~20 mL;疗程4~7 d最为多见;临床常联用药物包括抗肿瘤化疗药、免疫调节药、抗生素类药、糖皮质激素类药、5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体阻断药等。复方苦参注射液在不同系统、不同病情恶性肿瘤的临床治疗中得到较为广泛的应用;其适应症人群特征明确,符合恶性肿瘤疾病一般规律;其真实世界用药剂量、疗程范围基本符合品种说明书相关界定,联合用药类型较为广泛。     

Promotion effects of flavonoids on browning induced by enzymatic oxidation of tyrosinase: structure–activity relationship

Tyrosinase, widely distributed in nature, is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase involved in the formation of melanin. Flavonoids are most often considered as tyrosinase inhibitors but have also been confirmed to be tyrosinase substrates. Four structure-related flavonoids including flavones (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) are found to promote not inhibit browning induced by tyrosinase catalyzed oxidation both in model systems and in mushrooms under aerobic conditions. A comparison with enzymatic oxidation and autooxidation of flavonoids alone has helped to clarify why flavonoids function as a substrate rather than an inhibitor. Flavonoids almost do not affect the kinetics of melanin formation from enzymatic oxidation of l-dopa in excess. In addition, a new brown complex formed during the reaction of flavonoid quinone and dopaquinone is suggested to enhance the browning effects by competing with isomerization and autooxidation. Structure–activity relationships of the four flavonoids in melanin formation leading to browning induced by autooxidation and enzymatic oxidation confirm the enzymatic nature of the browning.

Browning promotion by the enzymatic oxidation of flavonoids and ʟ-dopa.     

A DNA small molecular probe with increasing K+ concentration promoted selectivity

DNA small molecular probe study was considered as a promising approach to achieve DNA related disease diagnosis. Most related reports were performed under specific salinity. Herein, 4-imino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-quinolizine-1-carbonitrile (IPQC) was generated via a facile procedure with high yield (85%). It is found that IPQC could act as a universal probe for most tested ssDNA, dsDNA and G4 DNA in low [K⁺] concentration (less than 20 mM). However, IPQC showed highly selective G4 DNA binding via UV-vis and fluorescence response in increasing [K⁺] (e.g., 150 mM) conditions. The ion atmosphere effects are instructive for DNA probe exploration. This provides guidance for the design, selection and optimization of the probes for target DNA sensing.

DNA small molecular probe study was considered as a promising approach to achieve DNA related disease diagnosis.