精神分裂症首次发病患者的磁共振弥散张量显像研究

目的探讨从未用过药的精神分裂症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者的重要白质及部分灰质区的磁共振弥散张量显像(DTI)的特点。方法选取9例首发精神分裂症患者(患者组)及9名年龄、性别、受教育程度与患者组相配对的健康者,应用DTI成像技术检测脑额颞交界处、内囊等白质区和颞中回灰质、中央前回、中央后回等灰质区的各向异性(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)及双侧海马体积。结果患者组及对照组组内左右两侧兴趣区FA值及ADC值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组与对照组各感兴趣区FA值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但患者组颞中回灰质(8.655×10-9)、中央前回(7.816×10-9)、中央后回(7.855×10-9)ADC值高于对照组(分别为7.428×10-9,6.921×10-9,7.013×10-9;P=0.049,0.009,0.005);两组内及组间双侧海马体积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者与健康者DTI参数之间没有明显区别。     

急性生理和慢性健康评估系统对老年术后危重病人的应用价值

目的 探讨急性生理和慢性健康评分系统（APACHEⅡ）对老年术后患者病情危重程度评价的可靠性。方法 对40例术后直接人住ICU的老年患者应用APACHEⅡ评分系统评定的严重程度，记录患者术后并发症的发生率和死亡率以及人住ICU的时间。结果40例患者APACHEⅡ评分均值13．8分。并发症的发生率随着APACHEⅡ评分的升高而增加，χ^2=18．70，P〈0．01，差异有显著性。死亡组（死亡15例，占37．5％）的APACHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组，t=6．77，P〈0．01。并且随着APACHEⅡ评分的增加死亡率从0增加到83．3％。死亡组人住ICU的时间明显长于存活组，P〈0．01。存活组和死亡组年龄差异没有统计学意义。结论 APACHEⅡ评分系统对老年术后病人的预后的评估非常有价值，可以客观、准确的评估患者的预后并指导治疗，值得大家在工作中推广应用。     

我国各地区医药制造业竞争力的比较分析

文章阐述了我国医药制造业的基本现状,对31个省市区(港、澳、台地区除外)的医药制造业竞争力,主要从市场占有率和市场竞争优势系数两个方面,进行了比较分析。市场占有率的优势主要集中在东部发达地区,但是市场竞争优势系数的优势分布较为均匀,各地区均有其自身的优势。     

大鼠创伤性深静脉血栓形成中纤溶、凝血相关基因表达分析

在急性、亚急性创伤性深静脉血栓形成大鼠模型中,动态检测并比较分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因的表达变化和差异,探讨其在创伤性深静脉血栓形成中的作用和意义。分别取150只SD大鼠建立急性、亚急性血栓形成模型。急性血栓模型组采用直接钳夹股静脉 双后肢石膏固定、亚急性组采用定量击打双侧大腿 双后肢石膏固定的方式造模。根据深静脉血栓形成过程中不同的生物学状态,将实验动物分为正常对照、创伤即刻、血栓形成初始期、血栓形成高峰期、血栓消退、血栓不消退和血栓不形成7组。采用Genechip Rat Genome4302.0芯片,测定股静脉RNA表达情况,运用基因芯片数据分析方法(倍数变化分析)筛选出差异性表达基因。重点分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因在两种模型中的变化和差异。结果显示:内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能相关基因如ThbdN、os及Plat等基因的表达变化与创伤性深静脉血栓形成关系密切。内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能的减弱是创伤性深静脉血栓形成的重要因素之一。这一机制在血管直接受损的急性血栓模型中更显著。     

用集中注意法对抑郁症患者进行押韵汉字的分听研究

目的:探讨抑郁症患者大脑半球机能不对称的特点.方法:用集中注意法及两种押韵词,对58名健康被试、115名抑郁症患者进行耳优势测试.结果:1.健康组真词测听未见耳优势,而假词测听呈右耳(左半球)优势.2.抑郁症患者真词测听未见耳优势,而假词测听呈增强的右耳(左半球)优势.3.真词测听,共病焦虑障碍组无耳优势,非共病组有增强的右耳(左半球)优势;假词测听,两组均表现为右耳(左半球)优势,非共病组强于共病组.4.HAMD、HAMA、SCL-90评分与真、假词偏侧指数无相关性.结论:1.健康中国人对真词的加工与认知无耳优势,表明健康中国人在加工真词时需要左右两侧半球的协同参与;对假词的加工与认知则表现出右耳(左半球)优势,表明更为纯粹的言语材料的加工以左半球为主.2.抑郁症患者对汉字词的加工与认知,表现出较健康人强的右耳(左半球)优势.3.共病和非共病焦虑障碍者对汉字词的加工与认知,表现出较健康人强的右耳(左半球)优势,而非共病者较共病者右耳(左半球)优势强.4.患者的言语偏侧化指数与症状严重程度无相关性.5.假词为较为理想的分听材料.     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞来源的心肌(样)细胞的诱导分化研究

目的体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)向肌源性细胞分化,探索诱导后的MSCs移植于心肌梗死区的存活和分化情况。方法提取、分离、培养兔的MSCs。经5-氮胞苷诱导后,进行免疫组化,电镜观察。4',6二乙酞基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)标记MSCs,建立兔心肌梗死模型。实验动物随机分两组:实验组(n=10)在心梗区域注入经诱导后的MSCs;对照组(n=10)在心梗区域注入不含MSCs的培养液。移植4周后,进行病理标本观察和免疫组化检测。结果5-氮胞苷诱导MSCs4周,部分细胞表达肌钙蛋白T(troponin T),电镜观察到肌丝形成。MSCs在体外用DAPI标记,用荧光显微镜观察细胞发蓝色荧光。移植4周后,在实验组中用荧光显微镜观察可见梗死区组织标本中可见DAPI标记带蓝色荧光的供体细胞核,移植细胞表达troponin T。结论MSCs经5-氮胞苷诱导后可向心肌细胞转化。移植细胞可在心肌存活,并向心肌细胞(样)转化。     

肌电图和运动神经传导速度检查诊断周围神经损伤

对136例周围神经损伤患者进行肌电图(EMG)与运动神经传导速度(MCV)分析。损伤神经支配的168块肌肉,EMG均为神经原性损害。166条受损神经MCV均有不同程度的减慢或缺失,其中周围神经完全断伤29.52％,严重损伤21.69％,中度损伤21.08％,轻度损伤27.71％。本文认为对周围神经损伤的定位和损伤程度的判断EMG和MCV是可靠和有效的方法。     

Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,Qiaoshao formula,combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label,real-life,retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time <1 min) and those with baseline age ≤30 years, the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time was slightly but significantly longer with combined therapy than with dapoxetine alone (p < .05). Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple.     

Pretreatment with 3-methyladenine ameliorated Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia by inhibiting cell death of neutrophils in a mouse infection model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Clinical isolates that are resistant to multiple antimicrobials make it intractable. The interactions between P. aeruginosa and host cell death have multiple effects on bacterial clearance and inflammation; however, the potential intervention effects remain to be defined. Herein, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of 3-methyladenine before, but not after, P. aeruginosa infection enhanced autophagy-independent survival, which was accompanied by a decrease in the bacterial load, alleviation of pathology and reduction in inflammatory cytokines, in an acute pneumonia mouse model. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were not dependent on neutrophil recruitment or phagocytosis, but on the enhanced killing capacity induced by inhibiting the cell death of 3-MA pretreated neutrophils. These findings demonstrate a novel protective role of 3-MA pretreatment in P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia.