Genetic Diversity,Antibiotic Resistance,and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Species from Food Products in Shanghai,China

ObjectiveAeromonas has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen. Aeromonas-associated diarrhea is a phenomenon occurring worldwide. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity of Aeromonas strains isolated from food products in Shanghai.MethodsAeromonas isolates (n = 79) collected from food samples were analyzed using concatenated gyrB-cpn60 sequencing. The antibiotic resistance of these isolates was determined using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pathogenicity was assessed using β-hemolytic, extracellular protease, virulence gene detection, C. elegans liquid toxicity (LT), and cytotoxicity assays.ResultsEight different species were identified among the 79 isolates. The most prevalent Aeromonas species were A. veronii [62 (78.5%)], A. caviae [6 (7.6%)], A. dhakensis [3 (3.8%)], and A. salmonicida [3 (3.8%)]. The Aeromonas isolates were divided into 73 sequence types (STs), of which 65 were novel. The isolates were hemolytic (45.6%) and protease-positive (81.0%). The most prevalent virulence genes were act (73.4%), fla (69.6%), aexT (36.7%), and ascV (30.4%). The results of C. elegans LT and cytotoxicity assays revealed that A. dhakensis and A. hydrophila were more virulent than A. veronii, A. caviae, and A. bivalvium. Antibiotic resistance genes [tetE, blaTEM, tetA, qnrS, aac(6)-Ib, mcr-1, and mcr-3] were detected in the isolates. The multidrug-resistance rate of the Aeromonas isolates was 11.4%, and 93.7% of the Aeromonas isolates were resistant to cefazolin.ConclusionThe taxonomy, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity of different Aeromonas species varied. The Aeromonas isolates A. dhakensis and A. hydrophila were highly pathogenic, indicating that food-derived Aeromonas isolates are potential risks for public health and food safety. The monitoring of food quality and safety will result in better prevention and treatment strategies to control diarrhea illnesses in China.     

Effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis during varicella outbreaks among primary and middle school students in Shanghai: An analysis of three-year surveillance data

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis conducted during varicella outbreaks among students in Shanghai.MethodsSurveillance data were collected from September 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 involving 3524 susceptible students in 109 primary and middle school classes where emergency vaccinations (EVs) had been administered. Students were divided into two groups according to their prior vaccination (PV) varicella vaccine status. A secondary attack rate was used to compare EV and non-EV groups using a chi-squared test. Stratification analyses were performed, adjusting for the EV administration date, the vaccination coverage rate, and the number of cases prior to the EV.ResultsThe effectiveness rate was 92.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.1–99.0%) when EV was applied within 3 days following the outbreak onset date, and 95.2% (95% CI: 79.9–98.8%) when vaccination coverage was ≥80% among students with PV. When students with PV received an EV for varicella within 3 days, the effectiveness rate was 100%.ConclusionsEV showed high protective effectiveness for varicella during outbreaks, especially if administered within 3 days of an outbreak and in conjunction with a high coverage rate.     

血浆置换与拉米夫定联合治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎的疗效分析

目的观察血浆置换与拉米夫定联合治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎患者的临床疗效。方法两组采用类似的内科基础治疗,两组病例均给予拉米夫定100mg/d,每天一次抗病毒治疗。治疗组加血浆置换。结果治疗组肝功能明显改善,ALT、SB明显下降,CHE、PTA明显上升（P〈0.05）;两组HBV DNA差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.95,P〈0.01）;治疗组总的有效率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.13,P〈0.05）;两组病死率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.57,P〈0.05）。结论血浆置换与拉米夫定早期联合治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎可迅速抑制病毒复制,快速去除各种毒素,明显改善病情,降低病死率。     

人工肝技术发展概况

人工肝的研究已有五十余年的历史。近年,人工肝的临床应用已成为新一代的研究热点。本文着重对各型人工肝的组成、应用及其前景和存在问题进行扼要综述。     

Identification of Potential Gene Network Associated with HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Microarray Analysis

In order to identify potential specific gene networks of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed, which may provide an insight into the potential mechanism of the HCC development. HCV-related HCC and normal sample data were downloaded from GEO, T test of limma package was used to screen different expression genes (DEGs); KEGG pathway was used to analyze related biochemical pathways, and WGCNA was used to construct clustering trees and screen hub genes in the HCC-specific modules. A total of 1151 DEGs were authenticated between the HCC and normal liver tissue samples, including 433 upregulated and 718 downregulated genes. Among these genes, three specific modules of HCC were constructed, including Tan, Yellow and Cyan, but only Yellow module had a significant enrichment score in substance combination module with three hub genes: SLA2547, EFNA4 and MME. Although Tan and Cyan separately had four and three hub genes, but the bio-functions of them did not have significant enrichment scores (score < 2). SLA2547, EFNA4 and MME may play important roles in the substance combination of HCV-related HCC, so studying the function of this gene network may provide us a deeper understanding of HCV-related HCC.     

成人传染性单核细胞增多症合并水痘1例报告

1病例资料患者女性,38岁,发热伴恶心1 d,于2019年9月4日入浦东新区传染病医院。入院前1天,患者进食过期牛奶后出现发热,热峰41.5℃,腹泻1次,大便色黄,水样便,乏力,恶心,无呕吐,无腹痛。外院予以物理降温、退热、抗感染和保肝降酶等治疗无明显好转入院。否认传染病患者接触史。查体:体温36.5℃,神志清楚,精神稍萎。皮肤黏膜颜色正常,无皮疹,无出血点,无瘀斑,无肝掌,无蜘蛛痣。浅表淋巴结无肿大。无巩膜黄染。咽部充血,两侧扁桃体无肿大。心肺听诊无异常。腹平软,无压痛及反跳痛。肝脏肋下、剑突下未触及,脾脏左肋下2 cm可触及。双下肢无浮肿。神经系统检查未见异常。血常规:白细胞3.21×109/L,中性粒细胞3.21×109/L,中性粒细胞比率92.4%,淋巴细胞0.451×109/L,淋巴细胞比率18.1%,血红蛋白134 g/L,血小板计数103×109/L。C反应蛋白12 mg/L。肝功能:ALT 262 U/L,AST 172 U/L,TBil 13.3μmol/L,GGT 139 U/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)293 U/L。     

疏肝健脾方联合拉米呋定治疗肝郁脾虚型慢性乙型肝炎62例临床观察

目的观察疏肝健脾方联合拉米呋定治疗慢性乙型肝炎(肝郁脾虚型)患者的临床疗效。方法收集肝郁脾虚型慢性乙型肝炎病例180例,其中治疗组62例给予疏肝健脾方联合拉米呋定治疗,对照1组58例单纯服用拉米呋定治疗,对照2组60例单纯服用疏肝健脾方治疗,3组均治疗12个月及随访6个月,观察血清肝功能、HBVDNA定量、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBeAg)血清学转换、HBVDNA聚合酶活性区发生变异(YMDD变异)发生率、临床证候积分、总有效率等。结果治疗组治疗12个月后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)改善情况优于对照1组(P0.05);HBeAg阴转率在随访6个月时,治疗组明显高于对照1、2组(P0.05);HBVDNA阴转率,治疗组治疗6个月、12个月和随访6个月均高于两个对照组(P0.05);随访结束时,治疗组HBVDNA阳性患者中YMDD变异检出率低于对照1组(P0.05);治疗组和对照1组、对照2组的总有效率分别为85.5%、65.5%、70.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疏肝健脾方联合拉米呋定治疗对肝郁脾虚型慢性乙型肝炎患者恢复肝功能、改善临床症状、提高抗病毒疗效、减少拉米呋定耐药的发生均有一定的临床疗效。     

Assessment of the timely administration of the hepatitis B and BCG birth dose and the primary infant vaccination schedule in 2015–2016 in the Mekong Delta,Viet Nam

IntroductionVietnam is implementing hepatitis B (HBV) birth dose (BD) vaccination since 2003 but coverage remains low, especially in the Mekong River Delta. This study aimed to determine the coverage of the HBV BD vaccination, to identify socio-demographic factors influencing HBV BD, and to assess reasons for non-immunization of neonates.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015–2016. Mothers from 526 children aged 6–11 months living in 3 provinces in the Mekong River Delta - representing respectively urban, rural and remote area - were interviewed at home and infant vaccination documents were checked. The three-stage sampling method was adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Predictors of HBV BD administration were identified with multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe overall HBV BD coverage (within 24 h) was 46.6% (compared to 44.5% for BCG) and was significantly higher in remote or rural than in urban area (OR 1.87 and 3.36, respectively), and in children whose father had a higher educational level (OR 2.76; 2.29 and 1.86, respectively, for master degree, bachelor and secondary school) as compared to a lower level. Main reasons for not having received HBV BD mentioned by parents were vaccines not offered by health care workers (53.0%), and illness of the infant (27.2%).ConclusionAlthough Vietnam started HBV BD vaccination more than 10 years ago, the coverage and timeliness need to improve to reach WHO targets (95% within 24 h after birth). Better training and information of health care workers, and better protocols ensuring timely HBV BD could address these vaccine administration thresholds.     

血府逐瘀汤治疗代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬变120例

目的:观察血府逐瘀汤治疗代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬变的临床疗效。方法:将240例代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬变患者随机分为治疗组及对照组各120例,对照组采用内科综合治疗(抗病毒、保肝、降酶、退黄等),治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加服血府逐瘀汤,两组均治疗1 a,分别在治疗前后以及停用血府逐瘀汤后2 a调查两组病例的生存状况,统计比较两组间的生存率,腹水、肝癌的发生率。结果:对照组3 a生存率为87.51%,治疗组3 a生存率为94.17%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05);对照组肝硬变稳定率为78.33%,治疗组肝硬变稳定率为88.33%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05);对照组肝癌发生率为6.67%,治疗组肝癌发生率为4.17%,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤可一定程度上改善代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬变患者的预后,减少肝硬变患者腹水的出现。