他莫昔芬与γ-干扰素联合抗人乳腺癌细胞株的作用及其机制研究

目的: 探讨他莫昔芬(TAM)与 γ-干扰素(γ-IFN)联合抗乳腺癌细胞株的作用及其机制。方法:在体外培养条件下，分别或联合应用γ-IFN,TAM或雌二醇（E2）作用于ER阳性的MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞株，用MTT比色法分析细胞生长抑制作用;用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测细胞周期分布、凋亡率及用药前后Bcl-2,Bax,Fas,FasL及Caspase-8蛋白的变化;荧光分光光度仪检测Caspase-3活性。结果:TAM能抑制ER阳性乳腺癌细胞的生长，阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期，并可诱导细胞凋亡;同时，TAM能拮抗外源性雌激素对MCF-7细胞的促生长作用。γ-IFN预处理细胞24h后，TAM抗乳腺癌细胞的作用增强。联用γ-IFN与TAM后，细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达下调，Caspase-8表达上调;但药物处理前后，细胞Bax，Fas，FasL蛋白表达水平及Caspase-3活性未见明显变化。结论:体外条件下，TAM通过影响细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡而发挥抗ER阳性乳腺癌细胞作用;γ-IFN能加强TAM的抗乳腺癌作用。两者作用机制可能系通过下调Bcl-2表达和上调Caspase-8的表达。     

一种简单实用的测量气管截面积的方法

目的介绍一种简单实用而较精确的测量狭窄气管截面积的方法.方法利用纤维支气管镜、测长器、模拟气管等制作并校正测量标尺,并利用该标尺测量了3例气管状况异常患者的气管某一截面面积.结果用校正过的4种测量标尺测量了10个模拟气管的直径,和实测真值比较经t检验分析无显著性差异,利用上述标尺测量的3个患者的目的截面面积分别为约96 mm2、 105 mm2和192 mm2.结论本方法提供了一种简单、快速而又较精确的测量大气道某一截面面积的方法,为定量评价患者的通气功能、选择气管支架或采用其他干预手段处理气管病变提供了数据参考.     

Block of cardiac sodium channels by antiarrhythmic drugs

The effects of seven Class-I antiarrhythmic drugs on the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of action potential were examined in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscles in order to characterize their use- and state-dependent sodium channel blocking action. From the onset and offset kinetics of the use-dependent Vmax inhibition during stimulation trains, the seven drugs were subdivided into two groups; fast drugs (lidocaine, mexiletine, and tocainide), and slow drugs (quinidine, aprindine, disopyramide and flecainide). In experiments to assess the state-dependent sodium channel block, a conditioning clamp pulse to 0 mV was applied by using the single sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique, and the Vmax of test action potential 100 msec after the clamp pulse was measured. The decrease in Vmax by 10 msec clamp pulse was defined as the activated channel block (ACB), and the decrease in Vmax as the clamp pulse duration was prolonged from 10 to 500 msec was defined as the inactivated channel block (ICB). The ratio of ICB to ACB was less than 1.0 for quinidine, disopyramide and flecainide, and much greater than 1.0 for aprindine, lidocaine, mexiletine, and tocainide. These characteristics may contribute to the differences in efficacy of each drug in treating various types of arrhythmias.     

副癌综合征为肺癌首发症状62例临床分析

目的探讨肺癌首发症状为副癌综合征病例的临床特点,提高对该综合征的诊断和认识水平。方法回顾分析我院有病理或细胞学确认的以副癌综合征为首发症状的肺癌病人,分析其类型特点及与肺癌的关系。结果以副癌综合征为首发症状的肺癌患者占同期住院肺癌患者的8.2%,副癌综合征表现多样,以杵状指、神经系统症状等较为多见。治疗后,大部分副癌综合征可缓解或消失。结论提高对副癌综合征的认识有助于肺癌的早期诊断,对预后估计也有一定帮助。     

类风湿性关节炎的肺部表现

本文对30例类风湿性关节炎患者中合并肺部损害的6例患者进行报道。其肺部的主要临床表现为胸痛、咳嗽、气短、长期低热及呼吸困难。体征主要为肺部干湿性罗音及胸膜摩擦音。胸部X线检查可见胸腔积液、胸膜肥厚粘连，弥漫性间质性肺纤维化、间质性肺炎。实验室检查可有嗜酸性粒细胞增高、类风湿因子阳性、血沉增快、免疫球蛋白增高等。本文并对类风湿性关节炎合并肺部病变的发生机理进行了初步探讨。     

慢性阻塞性肺部疾病大鼠支气管成纤维细胞体外培养条件下结缔组织生长因子水平检测及意义

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)大鼠和正常大鼠支气管成纤维细胞体外培养下结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的蛋白活性、转录水平以及胶原合成水平。方法:以正常大鼠(对照组)和COPD模型大鼠(实验组)为细胞来源,组织块法进行成支气管成纤维细胞原代培养,应用第5代细胞为研究对象。比色法进行培养液羟脯氨酸含量检测,免疫组织化学染色技术、RT-PCR、免疫印迹方法进行CTGF定位检测、蛋白活性及转录水平观察。结果:实验组羟脯氨酸含量显著高于对照组。对照组大鼠支气管成纤维细胞有一定水平的CTGF表达,实验组成纤维细胞CTGF阳性表达增强,免疫印记及RT-PCR结果显示CTGF蛋白活性增强、转录水平升高。结论:CTGF在成纤维细胞中的高表达是大鼠COPD发生发展的重要环节。     

儿童慢性轻度哮喘治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨 3～ 8岁儿童慢性轻度哮喘的早期干预治疗方法。方法　将 12 0例 3～ 8岁慢性轻度哮喘患儿随机均分为治疗组 1、2和对照组。治疗组 1:3～ 5岁患儿口服孟鲁司特 (顺尔宁 ) 4 .0mg/d ,5～ 8岁服5 .0mg/d ,疗程 3～ 6个月 ;治疗组 2 :予口服盐酸西替利嗪 2 .5～ 5 .0mg/d ,疗程 3～ 6个月 ;对照组 :口服安慰剂。均于每日睡前服用。结果　与治疗组 2及对照组相比 ,治疗组 1的日间及夜间症状出现率、急性加重发生率、月均 β 受体激动剂使用率、峰值呼气流速 (PEF)变化、嗜酸性粒细胞计数 (EC)下降率的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,而住院率、药物不良反应率的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组 2与对照组EC值的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,其余指标的差异均无显著性 (P值均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特单独用于慢性轻型哮喘儿童的早期干预治疗具有疗效好、不良反应小及患儿依从性高的特点     

Changes in the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles of cats during coughing

Summary Acute experiments were carried out on cats. Coughing was induced mechanically by the application of a nylon thread to the mucosa of the nasopharynx and the laryngeal area or to the bifurcation of the trachea and bronchi Electrical activity of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles became much more intense during the cough. Inspiratory activity was predominant during a cough induced by mechanical stimulation of the nasopharynx or of the larynx. The reciprocal relationship between inspiration and expiration was disturbed. In this type of cough the electrical activity of the expiratory muscles was increased at a time when the intrapleural pressure failed to indicate active respiration. When the cough was caused by mechanical stimulation of the mucosa at the bifurcation of the bronchi action potentials of large amplitude and high frequency occurred in long groups of discharges, in which expiratory activity prevailed. Under such conditions the normal relationship between inspiration and expiration were maintained. (Presented by Active Member MAN SSSR, V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 6,No. 11, pp. 24–27, November, 1963.