Effects of Imbalance of Apoptosis and Proliferation on Large Bowel Carcinogenesis in Mice

OBJECTIVE To observe the pattern of changes in the proliferation and apoptosis at different stages of large bowel carcinoma in mice, and to explore the effects of the imbalance of apoptosis and proliferation at different stages of large-intestine carcinogenesis.METHODS An experimental animal model for large intestine carcinogenesis of KUNMING-strain mice was used. The carcinomas were induced by subcuteneous injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and the distribution and density changes of proliferating and apoptotic cells observed through multistages toward cancer formation. The animals were killed in groups at the 12th, 18th, 24th,and 32nd weeks of carcinoma induction. The apoptotic and proliferating cells were labeled separately using TUNEL and PCNA immunohistochemical staining methodsRF, RESULTS In the normal mouse mucosa, all the apoptotic cells were situated in the superficial layers, however, the proliferating cells were situated in the basement layers, and the amount of both were small. In the early stage of carcinoma induction, the proliferation and the apoptotic cells slightly increased in amount, but there were no obvious changes in their ratio. In the medium stage, the densities of both distinctly increased, but there were no obvious changes in the ratio. In the late stage, the densities of the proliferating and the apoptotic cells in the non-carcinoma mucosa were higher than those at other stages. The proliferating cells in the dysplastic mucosa increased progressively with the increasing degree of the lesions. Although the apoptotic cells increased, their changes did not occur with the degree of the lesions. Their ratio showed a decreasing tendency with the degree of the lesions.CONCLUSIONS (①The presence of an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis was confirmed in the course of large intestine carcinogenesis in a mouse model. ②In the early stage of carcinoma induction both proliferation and apoptosis were at a low level; in the medium stage, they were both at a high level; and in the late stage (that is in carcinoma), proliferation was at a very high level, while apoptosis was at a low level. ③The proliferating cells increased progressively with the degree of dysplasia. There were no obvious changes in the apoptotic cells and their ratio to the proliferating cell sshowed a progressively increasing tendency. ④In the stage of cancer formation, the most essential change was the excessive decrease in the ratio of apoptosis to proliferation. These results support the hypothesis of “Cell Selective Proliferation“, which was raised by authors previously in a study on human large bowel carcinoma.     

Thl Bias in PBMC Induced by Large Scale Auto-CIK Infusion in Malignant Solid Tumor Patients in China

OBJECTIVE This article is to verify feasibility and validity of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell (Auto-CIK) treatment in solid malignancypatients.METHODS Amplification, phenotypic characteristics, cytokine secretion,antitumor cytotoxicity and clinical response to Auto-CIK derived from 65cases of solid tumor patients with different pathological types and clinicalstages were compared with LAKs in a large-scale clinical trial,RESUL‘r$ We found that seriousness of disease and metastatic status hadno influence on effective components and antitumor immunological activityof Auto-ClK. Comparing cytotoxicity against various tumor cells with LAKsat various effector to target ratios, ClKs showed more effective cytotoxicityagainst NK sensitive or non-sensitive solid tumor cell lines at a low E/T ratio(6:1) which suggests indirectly that Auto-CIK had a longer effective time invivo than LAKs. These results suggest that CIKs are more suitable forimmunotherapy for those solid malignancy patients at high risk of relapse orrecurrence.CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data were consistent ~ith the reportedconclusion that the potent antitumor activity of Auto-ClK mainly rooted in theCD4- part of CIKs, including CD3~CD56~ cells and CD8 ~ CTLs. The CD4~part of ClKs seemed to have no direct tumor lytic activity. The results indicatethat the special “Thl bias“ and enhanced cytotoxicity against K562 cellsoccurred in PBMCs after multicycles of Auto-ClK infusions suggesting theinduction of a “Thl shift“ and rectification of “Th2 dominance“ in PBMC afterAuto-CIK treatments.     

Clinical analysis of 276 cases of non-palpable TO breast cancer

Objective Discussion of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of non-palpable TO breast cancer. Methods Between 1978 and 1997, 9,980 female patients with operable breast cancer were treated surgically, of which 276 were determined to have TO breast cancer. Most TO breast cancers could be detected promptly with careful examination of presenting symptoms, such as nipple discharge, local thickening of the breast, nipple erosion, nipple retraction and postmenopausal mastalgia, while 12 cases were detected by routine mammography of the contralateral breast. Results All patients were treated surgically and their tissue subjected to histopathological examination. Most cases (73.0%) were noninvasive or early invasive carcinoma. Axillary lymph nodes metastases were found in 7.69% of 234 mastectomy cases. Conclusion The survival rate was significantly increased if the tumor was in an early stage. The 5-, 10-, 15-years survival rates were 98.1%, 94.6% and 90.3%, respectively.     

激光捕获显微切割结合RNA线性扩增技术在膀胱移行细胞癌相关基因研究中的应用

目的当对有间质细胞混杂的膀胱移行上皮细胞与膀胱移行细胞癌进行基因差异表达分析时,激光捕获显微切割技术(lasercap-turemicrodissection,LCM)是不可缺少的,然而从LCM所得的细胞中获取足够RNA量相当困难。本文首次将LCM与RNA线性扩增结合用于膀胱癌相关基因研究,目的是确定一条切实可行的技术路线,将膀胱移行上皮细胞从膀胱粘膜中分离出来,将膀胱癌细胞从肿瘤间质细胞中分离出来,并对其进行RNA体外线性扩增,以备进一步研究。方法采用LCM技术分别从正常膀胱粘膜及膀胱癌组织冰冻切片中获取膀胱移行上皮细胞及膀胱癌细胞,提取RNA,并对微量RNA进行体外线性扩增。然后用RT-PCR验证扩增前、后RNA中β-actin基因表达水平。结果对照实验I证实经LCM后RNA完整性较好;经对照实验Ⅱ初步确定设定条件下LCMshooting次数与可获得RNA量间对应关系。从膀胱粘膜种捕获膀胱移行上皮细胞25万shootings;从膀胱癌组织中获取癌细胞20万shootings。产物RNA扩增后获得片段大小为0.5-2.5kh的aRNA,且β-actin基因表达表达完整。结论LCM结合RNA体外线性扩增技术能成功地获取较为单一的研究目的细胞,扩增后RNA完整性较好,能用于进一步研究中。     

胸腺瘤组织学分型与重症肌无力及临床分期关系

目的探讨胸腺瘤最新WHO病理分型与重症肌无力(MG)及临床分期之间的关系。方法回顾分析1980-2004年间74例因胸腺瘤行胸腺切除的患者,运用最新WHO分型标准(1999)对胸腺瘤进行重新分类,并运用统计软件对新的WHO组织学分型与MG的发生率及Masaoka临床分期之间的关系做进一步分析。结果(1)胸腺瘤A型2例,AB型23例,B1型4例,B2型27例,B3型16例,C型2例。其中B2型较AB、B1及B3型易合并MG(P<0.05),A型两例均合并MG,而C型则均未合并MG。(2)临床I期:1例,Ⅱ期:30例,Ⅲ期:38例,Ⅳ期:5例。新的WHO组织学分型与Masaoka分期之间关系密切(P<0.01)。结论新WHO组织学分型与胸腺瘤合并MG的发生率之间有一定关系,同时能反映其临床分期及评价患者的预后。     

预知性健康教育对减轻经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后膀胱痉挛的效果观察

目的：探讨术前预知性健康教育对减少和预防膀胱电切术后膀胱痉挛的影响。方法：将71例患者按改进健康教育方法前、后分为对照组和实验组。在一般术前准备和健康教育外对实验组患者增加预知性健康知识给予。结果：分析两组患者的病历和护理记录,发现膀胱痉挛发作时频次、疼痛程度和发作时对护理指导的依从性均明显不同,实验组优于对照组。结论：膀胱电切术前给予预知性教育,减轻焦虑恐惧情绪,可避免或减轻膀胱痉挛发作,增加对术后护理的依从性。     

ARK5 is associated with the invasive and metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells

Purpose  

To investigate the effects of Akt/ARK5 pathways on the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells.     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成的临床研究

研究背景颅内静脉窦血栓形成是一种特殊类型的脑血管疾病,其病因及诱发因素复杂多样、临床表现各异,易被误诊或漏诊。该病具有较高的病残率和病死率,如何提高诊断与治疗水平一直是临床研究的热点问题,本文旨在探讨颅内静脉窦血栓形成不同治疗方法的安全性及有效性。方法回顾分析52例颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者的临床资料,并根据临床症状与体征、腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力和影像学表现分为轻症和重症组,分别接受全身抗凝联合静脉溶栓、血管内溶栓或锥颅上矢状窦溶栓治疗,同时辅助华法林口服6～12个月。术后通过磁共振静脉血管造影术观察静脉窦形态。结果轻症组27例患者接受全身抗凝药物联合静脉溶栓治疗,14例痊愈、9例好转、4例无效;重症组25例患者中22例经全身抗凝药物联合血管内溶栓治疗后18例痊愈、3例好转、1例死亡,余3例行锥颅上矢状窦溶栓治疗,均痊愈。共随访6～60个月(平均36个月),无一例复发。结论根据患者病情轻重程度,针对临床分型选择不同方法治疗颅内静脉窦血栓安全有效。     

5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂在胰腺癌根治性切除术中植入疗效的研究

目的 评价胰腺癌根治术中腹腔内植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂的疗效.方法 收集2008年1月-2011年1月106例行根治性切除术的胰腺癌患者的临床病理学资料,分析其临床病理学特征并分组,49例术中植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂作为治疗组,57例未进行术中化疗作为对照组.观察两组临床受益反应及生存情况.结果 治疗组与对照组临床受益率分别为65.3％和45.6％(P＜0.05);中位生存时间分别为20和13个月(P＜0.05);1年无病生存率分别为65.4％和39.1％(P＜0.01);1年总生存率分别为71.3％和55.9％ (P ＜0.05).结论 术中即时植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂可降低胰腺癌患者术后肿瘤的复发,提高患者生活质量,明显延长生存时间.     

不同血压类型脑梗死患者动态血压参数与动脉硬化指数关系的研究

目的探讨不同血压类型脑梗死患者动态血压参数与动脉硬化指数的关系。方法选择住我院卒中单元病房治疗的265例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,将入选患者分为杓型组80例、非杓型组90例和反杓型组95例。应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分和Barthel指数评分,对各组入院时和随访3个月的患者行神经功能缺损程度和日常生活能力评估,并评价各组患者改善率、复发率和病死率的差异。结果 3组患者动态血压参数、动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)比较,差异有统计学意叉(P<0.05),反杓型组AASI高于杓型组和非杓型组(P<0.05),脑梗死患者部分动态血压参数与AASI呈正相关(P<0.05),AASI与高敏C反应蛋白呈正相关。随访3个月,反杓型组的改善率低,而病死率高于杓型组和非杓型组(P<0.05)。结论不同血压类型患者AASI不同,反杓型高血压患者动脉粥样硬化病变明显,预后不良。