胸腔镜肺小结节切除术前微弹簧圈定位的临床应用研究

目的:研究孤立性肺结节(SPN)胸腔镜术前CT引导下双弹簧圈精准标记定位的应用价值。方法:回顾分析43例SPN胸腔镜术前定位病例资料，包括双弹簧圈组22例，Hook-wire定位组21例。统计双弹簧圈定位的术中、术后并发症，衔接期时间以及作楔形切除所用时间，并将两组结果进行对比分析。结果:两组病例定位均取得成功；双弹簧圈组的气胸发生率(9.0%)，肺出血发生率(9.0%)，胸痛发生率(9.0%)均低于Hook-wire组，其中肺出血发生率与Hook-wire组比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；衔接时间双弹簧圈组（15.38±8.32）h长于Hook-wire组（4.21±3.29）h，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；作楔形切除所用时间双弹簧圈组(21.01±7.14)min与Hook-wire组(18.22±5.18)min差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:采用双微弹簧圈进行SPN胸腔镜手术前精准标记定位安全可靠、效果良好，与Hook-wire定位比较并发症发生率更低，并可获得更长的衔接期，具有较高的应用价值。     

细胞因子与2型糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗患者白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）的变化，分析细胞因子与糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定90例2型糖尿病患者及30例正常人血清各细胞因子浓度，并同时测定空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及空腹C肽（FCP）水平，分析其与细胞因子的相关性。结果 与正常对照组比较2型糖尿病组血清细胞因子的含量均明显增高（P〈0．01、P〈0．05）；胰岛素抵抗组的IL-6、TNF—α升高与非胰岛素抵抗组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），胰岛素抵抗与细胞因子的增高密切相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者存在着细胞因子的过度激活，并与胰岛素抵抗密切相关，细胞因子在2型糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的发生发展中起着重要的作用。     

机械通气治疗腹部外伤术后成人呼吸窘迫综合征

目的探讨机械通气对腹部外伤术后成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的治疗作用。方法对24例本病患者采用A/C、SIMV、PEEP、正比呼吸模式及综合治疗。结果抢救成功14例,死亡10例,分别死于心、肾、脑等脏器功能衰竭。结论早期和及时有效的机械通气是救治腹部外伤术后ARDS的重要手段。     

Anatomic Variants on Computed Tomography in Congenital Aural Atresia and Stenosis

Objectives

To quantitatively analyzing the anatomic variants on temporal computed tomography (CT) in congenital external auditory canal stenosis (EACS), congenital aural atresia (CAA), and normal ear structure.

Methods

Through a retrospective study, we analyzed 142 temporal high-resolution CT studies performed in 71 microtia patients. The following 6 parameters were compared among the three groups: Marx classification, medial canal diameter, vertical facial nerve (VFN) anterior displacement, tegmen mastoideum position, tympanic cavity volume, and malleus-incus joint or malleus-incus complex (MIC) area.

Results

The results showed that the microtia distributions in the Marx classification in these three groups were significantly different, as 86% (31 of 35) of ears with major microtia (third-degree dysplasia) had an atresia, and in 54.8% (23 of 42) of the minor microtic (first-degree or second-degree) ears, the bony or cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal was stenotic. Measurement data also showed that the potential medial canal diameter of the atresia group was obviously shorter than that of the stenosis group. The VFN anterior displacement and temporomandibular joint backward-shift together lead to medial canal diameters in ears with atresic canals that is smaller than those with stenotic canals. The tegmen mastoideum position was not significantly different between the three groups.

Conclusion

The mal-development of the external auditory canal is significantly associated with auricle and middle ear developmental anomalies. Compared with CAA ears, EACS have better development of the auricle, canal, tympanic cavity and MIC and relatively safer surgical operation except for the position of the tegmen mastoideum and the VFN.     

倾向性评分匹配法评价冠心病支架置入术后再狭窄

目的引入倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)比较伴糖尿病的冠心病患者与单纯冠心病患者支架置入术后再狭窄的差异。方法回顾性分析在本院接受冠状动脉支架植入术患者资料,伴糖尿病的冠心病患者137例(CHD+DM组),单纯冠心病283例(CHD组)。使用SPSS软件的PSM功能对两组采用1∶1最邻近匹配法,得到组间协变量均衡的样本。匹配后的样本采用Cox比例风险模型评估支架术后再狭窄的危险因素。结果两组匹配成功各120例。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析,吸烟史(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.34~4.64,P=0.004)、高血压史(HR=2.24,95%CI:1.08~4.63,P=0.030)、肌酐清除率110ml/min(HR=3.12,95%CI:1.22~5.03,P=0.024)、冠状动脉多支病变(HR=2.15,95%CI:1.14~4.07,P=0.018)和伴糖尿病(HR=2.22,95%CI:1.14~4.33,P=0.020)是冠心病支架术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。PSM后,CHD+DM组1、3、5年的累计狭窄率分别为10.70%,40.30%和43.80%,CHD组为4.70%,23.70%和29.60%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。结论应用PSM可以有效地均衡非随机研究组间的协变量,糖尿病是冠心病患者支架置入术再狭窄的危险因素。     

前磨牙楔状缺损修复后的抗折裂强度研究

目的研究楔状缺损深及牙齿颊舌径的1/4或1/2的前磨牙采用不同材料充填后牙体的抗折裂强度及牙齿折裂模式。方法收集正畸拔除的新鲜前磨牙60颗,颊侧颈部设计颊舌径1/2和1/4楔状缺损,对1/2深度根管治疗后分别选择复合树脂、复合体或玻璃离子水门汀三种材料充填,运用万能材料试验机对前磨牙颊尖垂直向载力直至牙体断裂。记录牙断裂时的受力数值,并观察断裂模式。结果不同深度的楔状缺损其抗折裂强度不同,但各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。充填后前磨牙抗折裂强度显著增加(P<0.01),而不同充填材料对牙齿抗折裂强度无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论楔状缺损深及前磨牙颊舌径的1/4以上时容易导致前磨牙折裂。材料充填后可以提高前磨牙的抗折裂能力且与充填材料的种类无关。     

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in subjects hospitalized due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

Objectives To investigate the overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore the prevalence of the major CVD complications and trends in patients with COPD over a 10-year period. Methods Medical records in the PLA General Hospital, Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, and Beijing Hospital from 2000/01/01 to 2010/03/03 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 4960 patients with COPD were reviewed in the study (3570 males, mean age, 72.2 ± 10.5 years; 1390 females, mean age, 72.0 ± 10.4 years). Results The prevalence of CVD in COPD patients was 51.7%. The three most prevalent CVDs were ischemic heart disease (28.9%), heart failure (19.6%), and arrhythmia (12.6%). During the 10-year study period, the prevalence of various CVDs in COPD patients showed a gradual increasing trend with increasing age. There was higher morbidity due to ischemic heart disease (P < 0.01) in male COPD patients than in the female counterparts. However, heart failure (P < 0.01) and hypertension (P < 0.01) occurred less frequently in male COPD patients than in female COPD patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease decreased year by year. In addition to heart failure, various types of CVD complications in COPD patients tended to occur in younger subjects. The prevalence of all major types of CVD in women tended to increase year by year. Conclusions The prevalence of CVD in patients hospitalized for COPD in Beijing was high. Age, sex and CVD trends, as well as life style changes, should be considered when prevention and control strategies are formulated.     

对1例乳腺癌患者使用唑来膦酸的药学监护

1例65岁女性患者,因“左乳癌根治术后3年,多发转移19月余”入院。给予口服卡培他滨和拉帕替尼进行化疗,化疗期间加用唑来膦酸抗骨转移治疗。临床药师针对化疗过程中唑来膦酸可能出现的不良反应的预防和药物的合理性应用作为药学监护点,建议医生调整唑来膦酸的给药时间以提高抑制骨转移的疗效,从而使患者能顺利完成化疗。