Ultrastructural Observations of The Anterior Chamber Angle Tissues in Congenital Glaucoma

Eighteen trabeculectomy specimens of congenital glaucoma were examined by light and transimssion electron microscopy. The results showed that the primary anomalies in congenital glaucoma included the developmental defects of trabecular meshwork, excessive collagen fibrils in the trabecular matrix, shifting forward of ciliary muscle fibres and persistent mesenchymal tissues in the anterior-chamber angle. The authors also pointed out the importance of the secondary lesions of the trabecular meshwork in the pathogenesis of congenital glaucoma. Eye Science 1994; 10:50-56.     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用MostCare/PRAM监测系统进行血流动力学监测的临床研究

目的探究Most Care/PRAM系统监测下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者术中血流动力学变化情况和预后分析。方法纳入2016年10月至2017年1月安贞医院89例OPCABG患者,其中男53例、女36例,年龄(60.50±8.40)岁。记录术中血流动力学变化情况。按是否发生心肌梗死、低心排血量等严重循环不良事件,分为平稳组和严重循环不良事件组,进行相关分析。结果手术全程监测完整血流动力学数据患者65例,开胸前和关胸后被动抬高试验的每搏量(SV)升高均值分别为23.00%±3.20%和29.40%±3.70%。麻醉、开胸、应用肝素时、搭桥中、应用鱼精蛋白时、关胸和术毕7个时间段,SV明显下降,外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)持续显著增加,最大压力梯度(d P/d T)和心脏循环效率(CCE)在麻醉后明显下降,搭桥时下降到最低,其后逐渐升高;每搏量变异率(SVV)和脉压变异率(PPV)在麻醉后下降,开胸后一直升高。89例患者发生严重循环不良事件共9例,其中4例死亡。严重循环不良事件组术中基础SVRI、SVV和PPV均显著高于平稳组(P<0.05),CCE、d P/d T和SV差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中基础SVRI、CCE、d P/d T、SVV、PPV和SV均值与预后指标均无明显相关性。结论OPCABG术中易出现血流动力学的改变,因此,OPCABG术中宜应用Most Care/PRAM仪进行血流动力学监测,并及时纠正血流动力学异常。     

Identification of immune-related biomarkers in adrenocortical carcinoma: Immune-related biomarkers for ACC

Emerging evidence has suggested that the tumor microenvironment, including immune infiltration, plays a crucially important role in tumor progression. Nevertheless, limited studies have been conducted on this topic in adrenocortical carcinoma. The present study aimed to explore the immune-related biomarkers in adrenocortical carcinoma. CIBERSORT was used to estimate the abundances of 22 kinds of immune cells, and univariable Cox analysis was performed to find survival-related immune cells with both Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI). DESeq2 was applied to find differentially expressed genes between adrenocortical carcinoma and normal control samples; subsequently, weighted correlation network analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were conducted to identify immune-related hub genes. xCell, TISIDB, and MsigDB were searched to validate the immune associations of hub genes. Eventually, univariable Cox and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to assess the prognostic implications of the hub gene with the GEO database. Consequently, we identified two hub immune-related genes (ERN1, CEP55), GSEA revealed that both were mainly involved in tumor progression and immune response. ROC analysis indicated that ERN1 can accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFI, and CEP55 had the best performance for the prediction of both OS and PFI compared with other traits. Univariable Cox and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that both genes have a significant effect on prognosis. Furthermore, both hub genes were validated in GEO datasets. The hub genes can provide better insights into tumor microenvironment and serve as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿甲氨蝶呤转运蛋白及代谢酶基因多态性的研究进展

大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及不良反应具有明显的个体差异。大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗反应的多样性与甲氨蝶呤相关转运蛋白如溶脂载体转运蛋白、ABC转运蛋白以及甲氨蝶呤代谢相关酶如亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶、二氢叶酸还原酶、胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合成酶、氨基咪唑胺甲酰转移酶等密切相关。本文就甲氨蝶呤代谢途径,甲氨蝶呤转运蛋白及代谢酶基因多态性对其疗效、不良反应的影响作一综述。     

抗病毒口服液治疗小儿手足口病肺脾湿热证的随机对照、多中心临床研究

目的 评价抗病毒口服液治疗普通型小儿手足口病肺脾湿热证的有效性及安全性。方法 采用随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照、多中心临床试验方法,计划纳入288例患儿,按1：1的比例随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组服用抗病毒口服液,对照组服用安慰剂,剂量均为1~2岁5 mL/次、3~6岁10 mL/次,3次/d,疗程5 d。以完全退热时间为主要有效性指标。结果 实际入组287例,其中试验组144例、对照组143例。试验组完全退热中位时间为24 h （PPS数据集,下同）,对照组为48 h,两组比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）;试验组皮疹/疱疹开始消退中位时间为24 h、对照组为40 h,试验组皮疹/疱疹完全消退中位时间为96 h、对照组为112 h,试验组中医证候疗效总愈显率为92.62%、对照组为72.32%,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组与对照组不良事件发生率分别为4.35%和2.99%,组间比较,差异无统计学意义。结论 抗病毒口服液治疗小儿手足口病普通型肺脾湿热证,可以缩短退热时间、皮疹/疱疹消退时间,促进口腔黏膜疱疹/溃疡愈合,改善中医证候,临床使用有效、安全。     

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit the VEGF-A expression in human retinal vascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose

AIM: To determine the effect of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs). METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from hUCMSCs using cryogenic ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis. HRECs were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A), a high glucose model group (group B), a high glucose group with 25 μg/mL (group C), 50 μg/mL (group D), and 100 μg/mL exosomes (group E). Twenty-four hours after coculture, the cell proliferation rate was detected using flow cytometry, and the VEGF-A level was detected using immunofluorescence. After coculture 8, 16, and 24h, the expression levels of VEGF-A in each group were detected using PCR and Western blots. RESULTS: The characteristic morphology (membrane structured vesicles) and size (diameter between 50 and 200 nm) were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of 122.7 nm was discovered by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers CD9, CD63, and HSP70 were strongly detected. The proliferation rate of the cells in group B increased after 24h of coculture. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the upregulation of VEGF-A expression in HRECs stimulated by high glucose could be downregulated by cocultured hUCMSC-derived exosomes (F=39.03, P<0.01). The upregulation of VEGF-A protein (group C: F=7.96; group D: F=17.29; group E: F=11.89; 8h: F=9.45; 16h: F=12.86; 24h: F=42.28, P<0.05) and mRNA (group C: F=4.137; group D: F=13.64; group E: F=22.19; 8h: F=7.253; 16h: F=16.98; 24h: F=22.62, P<0.05) in HRECs stimulated by high glucose was downregulated by cocultured hUCMSC-derived exosomes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hUCMSC-derived exosomes downregulate VEGF-A expression in HRECs stimulated by high glucose in time and concentration dependent manner.     

缺血性脑卒中患者发病节气与证型的相关性研究

目的 探究缺血性脑卒中发病节气与证型的相关性。方法 选取2021年天津中医药大学第一附属医院住院病历系统中4 838例缺血性脑卒中患者,使用频数分布统计法对其性别、年龄、发病节气、中医证型等信息进行分析,计算患者的发病日期对应的发病节气,然后分析缺血性脑卒中的发病节气与中医证型的相关性;使用圆形分布统计法探究发病节气、中医证型的高峰点。结果 4 838例患者中,男性3 233例（66.8%）,女性1 605例（33.2%）;60~69岁有1 814例（37.5%）,为发病人数最多的年龄段;阴虚动风证2 268例（46.9%）,风痰阻络证1 231例（25.4%）,两者为最常见的证型;清明为发病率最高的节气,总体发病节气无绝对高峰期,惊蛰为阴虚动风证发病高峰,小满为风痰阻络证发病高峰。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者男性多于女性,60~69岁年龄段发病人数最多,整体发病不存在绝对高峰节气,阴虚动风、风痰阻络两种证型的发病存在高峰期,阴虚动风证的发病高峰节气是惊蛰,风痰阻络证的发病高峰节气为小满,提示二十四节气内均可发病,重点人群要积极且持续的预防。     

EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药机制及耐药后治疗方案探讨

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）为代表的分子靶向药物治疗肿瘤,可明显延长非小细胞肺癌患者的无进展生存期和改善患者的生活质量,但面临耐药以及耐药后如何继续治疗等问题。阐述EGFR-TKI的作用机制和获得性耐药机制,分别对耐药后快速进展、缓慢进展和局部进展3种进展情况提出了诊疗意见,以期为改善耐药、加强疗效提供借鉴。