汶川地震陇南灾区伤情调查与分析

目的：调查分析汶川地震甘肃陇南伤情情况，进一步讨论如何采取措施应对突发灾害。方法：采用问卷调查、访谈等方法，对甘肃陇南地震受灾人口进行抽样调查，重点对伤员伤情、致伤原因、救治方法进行统计学分析。结果：在此次地震伤抽样调查中共有1652例，死亡16例，四肢骨折患者750例，占45．4％，精神、神经方面40例，占2．4％。通过有组织的及时救助伤员，减少了并发症的发生，降低了死亡率。结论：加强地震伤的预防与救治，从而有效地减少致死率和致残率。     

腰椎X线摄影人工智能测量技术研究进展

腰痛是全球范围内普遍存在的公共健康卫生问题,但临床医师对腰椎X线图像的视觉分析和主观判断已不能满足临床精准化、定量化的诊疗需求。近年来,人工智能（AI）及大数据技术的蓬勃发展,为医疗图像的智能检测和定量分析提供了条件和基础。众多学者通过人工神经网络、支持向量机和卷积神经网络等模型的建立和算法的改进,使腰椎X线定量分析及诊断成为可能。AI技术与医疗图像的交叉融合在减轻临床医师工作负荷、有效降低或消除手工测量误差和辅助临床医师从定量角度更客观地评估脊柱畸形等疾病具有很好的应用前景。目前,AI技术辅助腰椎疾病诊断的发展仍处于早期阶段,AI算法的改进、高质量数据库建立及制定新参数的量化标准等需要进一步探索。     

早期低脂肠内营养对急性重症胰腺炎血清甘油三酯的影响

目的观察早期低脂肠内营养（EEN）治疗对急性胰腺炎（SAP）血清甘油三酯水平的影响。方法将34例SAP并发高脂血症患者随机分为实验组和对照组,给予内镜下置管早期肠内营养治疗,16例实验组患者给予低脂要素肠内营养,18例对照组患者给予标准营养液肠内营养治疗,观察治疗前后甘油三酯（TG）、白细胞（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血钙及血糖的变化。结果两组患者治疗前后甘油三酯水平均明显下降,但实验组甘油三酯水平下降更加显著,且白细胞（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血钙与对照组比较下降更加明显,治疗前后血糖下降显著,治疗后两组比较差异不显著,考虑与均采用胰岛素降糖治疗有关。结论低脂EEN能够有效降低SAP甘油三酯水平并降低炎症反应、改善病情。     

足踝损伤的分类与治疗的要点和难点

足踝部损伤主要有踝关节骨折脱位、距骨骨折脱位、跟骨骨折以及跖骨骨折、趾骨骨折、跖趾关节脱位、踝关节周围软组织损伤等。足踝损伤防治的重点是踝关节骨折脱位、距骨骨折脱位、跟骨骨折以及踝关节周围软组织损伤。本文针对足踝损伤的要点和难点分类进行阐述。1踝关节骨折目前踝关节骨折的分类主要有:Ashhurst分类法[1]、Lauge-Hanson分类法[2]、Danis-Weber分类法[3]。Ashhurst分类法按照外力的性质分类,然后按单踝、双踝、三踝骨折分级,优点是简单易记,对认识外力的性质很有帮助,缺点是没有考虑到外伤时的体位、姿势等复合因素;Laug…     

Chronomics reveal and quantify circadian rhythmic melatonin in duodenum of rats

A circadian rhythm is documented in duodenal melatonin in rats, peaking 16.8 hours after light onset. This component is more readily detected after log10-transformation of the data. It differs between male and female rats, females having a larger circadian amplitude and an earlier acrophase. The circadian rhythm in duodenal melatonin is also found to lead that of pineal melatonin. The results are qualified by the presence at the start of mapping of the second extremum of a double magnetic storm.     

MR体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像及T2 mapping评估腰椎间盘退行性变

目的 观察MR体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)及T2 mapping技术评估腰椎间盘退行性变(IVDD)的价值。方法 前瞻性纳入19例下腰部疼痛患者和31名健康志愿者,采集L1~S1椎体矢状位T2WI、T2 mapping及IVIM-DWI;根据Pfirrmann标准进行IVDD分级,观察不同分级及不同层面椎间盘T2值及其对应上、下位椎体IVIM参数的差异,并进行相关性分析,评价其诊断价值。结果 不同Pfirrmann分级椎间盘之间,前纤维环(AAF)、髓核(NP)和后纤维环(PAF)T2值差异及对应下位椎体表观弥散系数(ADC)差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),不同层面椎间盘NP、PAF的T2值差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。椎间盘PAF的T2值与其上、下位椎体ADC呈正相关(r=0.128、P=0.043,r=0.148、P=0.019);椎间盘Pfirrmann分级与AAF、NP及PAF的T2值均呈负相关(r=－0.187、P=0.003,r=－0.579、P＜0.001,r=－0.401、P＜0.001),与其上、下位椎体慢ADC(ADC_slow)均呈正相关(r=0.196、 P=0.002,r=0.126、P=0.046);椎间盘层面位置(L_1-2→L₅-S₁)与NP及PAF的T2值均呈负相关(r=－0.183、P=0.004,r=－0.356、P＜0.001),而与其上、下位椎体ADC_slow呈正相关(r=0.196、P=0.003,r=0.126、P=0.026)。结论 IVIM-DWI及T2 mapping技术用于评估IVDD具有一定潜在价值,以椎间盘T2值及其对应下位椎体ADC的价值较高。     

Chronomics,neuroendocrine feedsidewards and the recording and consulting of nowcasts—forecasts of geomagnetics

A multi-center four-hourly sampling of many tissues for 7 days (00:00 on April 5–20:00 to April 11, 2004), on rats standardized for 1 month in two rooms on antiphasic lighting regimens happened to start on the day after the second extremum of a moderate double magnetic storm gauged by the planetary geomagnetic Kp index (which at each extremum reached 6.3 international [arbitrary] units) and by an equatorial index Dst falling to −112 and −81 nT, respectively, the latter on the first day of the sampling. Neuroendocrine chronomes (specifically circadian time structures) differed during magnetically affected and quiet days. The circadian melatonin rhythm had a lower MESOR and lower circadian amplitude and tended to advance in acrophase, while the MESOR and amplitude of the hypothalamic circadian melatonin rhythm were higher during the days with the storm. The circadian parameters of circulating corticosterone were more labile during the days including the storm than during the last three quiet days. Feedsidewards within the pineal-hypothalamic-adrenocortical network constitute a mechanism underlying physiological and probably also pathological associations of the brain and heart with magnetic storms. Investigators in many fields can gain from at least recording calendar dates in any publication so that freely available information on geomagnetic, solar and other physical environmental activity can be looked up. In planning studies and before starting, one may gain from consulting forecasts and the highly reliable nowcasts, respectively.     

The Efficacy and Safety of Acetaminophen in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Direct Meta-Analysis

BackgroundOral and intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has become widely used perioperatively as part of a multi-modal pain management protocol for primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen in support of the combined clinical practice guidelines of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Hip Society, Knee Society, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published prior to September 2019 on acetaminophen in primary TJA. All included studies underwent qualitative and quantitative homogeneity testing followed by a systematic review and direct comparison meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen.ResultsIn total, 1287 publications were critically appraised yielding 17 publications representing the best available evidence for analysis. Oral and IV acetaminophen demonstrates the ability to safely reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption during the inpatient hospital stay. No evidence was available to assess the efficacy and safety of oral acetaminophen after discharge.ConclusionModerate evidence supports the use of oral and IV acetaminophen as a non-opioid adjunct for pain management during the inpatient hospitalization. Strong evidence supports the safety of oral and IV acetaminophen when appropriately administered to patients undergoing primary TJA. Although there is lack of robust evidence for use of acetaminophen following discharge, it remains a low-cost and low-risk option as part of a multimodal pain regimen.     

中西医结合治疗儿童广泛焦虑症30例

目的观察中西结合治疗儿童广泛焦虑症的临床疗效及安全性。方法 30例患者在服用西药丁螺环酮、氯硝西泮的基础上加服神宁合剂治疗。结果痊愈9例,显效10例,进步9例,无效2例,总有效率达93.33%,且不良反应发生率低。结论中西医结合治疗儿童广泛焦虑症临床疗效好,不良反应少,值得推广。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对去势大鼠骨密度的影响

目的:探讨淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对去势大鼠骨密度的影响及其机制。方法:采用卵巢切除的方法建立大鼠骨质疏松模型,将大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,TFE低、中、高剂量组,β-雌二醇组6组,每组10只,分别予相应药物灌胃90d。采用双能X线骨密度仪检测TFE对去势大鼠骨密度的影响、MTT法分析TFE含药血清对体外培养的成骨细胞(OB)增殖的影响。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型对照组各项骨密度均降低且有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);与模型对照组相比,各给药组骨密度均上升,除TFE低、中、高剂量组的全身骨密度,TFE低剂量组的腰椎、颅骨骨密度外,股骨、第2腰椎及第2腰椎椎体骨密度均具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);2.5%和5%TFE含药血清可刺激OB增殖。结论:TFE可提高去势大鼠的骨密度,其机制可能是刺激OB的增殖。