关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗肩关节复发性前脱位

目的探讨关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年8月,采用关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗27例肩关节复发性前脱位患者资料。其中男20例,女7例;年龄30.8岁(范围,19~50岁)。27例患者肩盂均有骨缺损,缺损体积为肩盂体积的10%~15%。初次脱位到手术时间为(24.1±15.8)个月。采用关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗。术后患侧肩关节使用外展支具固定6周,6周后开始被动活动肩关节;术后10~12周开始力量训练;6个月后开始体育活动。末次随访时采用Constant-Murley评分、上肢功能障碍评分(Disability of Arm,Shoulder and Hand,DASH)评价肩关节及上肢功能,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)评价疼痛情况。CT三维重建测量患者术后1周及末次随访时移植骨块的长、宽、高并计算骨块的吸收率。记录患者末次随访时的主观满意度。结果27例患者均获得随访,随访时间19.8个月(范围,13~39个月)。术后无一例发生感染、血管神经损伤。末次随访时患者Constant-Murley评分为(85.15±5.62)分(范围,76~94分),DASH评分为(13.39±5.51)分(范围,3.19~21.95分),VAS评分为(1.29±0.45)分(范围,1~2分);以上三个指标分别与术前相比均有明显改善。患者术后活动度为:前屈上举153°±24°,体侧外旋38°±21°,内旋70°±21°,外展139°±18°。末次随访时,骨块吸收率为46.1%±20.6%(范围,24.0%~71.7%);肩关节无一例发生持续疼痛及再脱位,恐惧试验均为阴性。患者满意度评价,19例非常满意,6例满意,2例一般。结论关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗关节盂骨质缺损10%~15%的肩关节复发性前脱位,术后可恢复肩关节稳定性,显著提高肩关节功能,明显降低肩关节脱位复发率。     

血液高RDW和高N-MID OC/β-CTX比值在老年女性椎体骨折中的诊断价值

目的 探讨血液红细胞分布宽度（RDW）及骨钙素N段中分子片段(N-MID OC)/Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)比值联合检测对老年女性骨质疏松椎体骨折（OPVF）的诊断价值。方法 纳入2021年1月—2021年12月我院≥60岁女性骨质疏松住院患者786例,分为无骨折组（A组,378例）和OPVF组（B组,388例）。N-MID OC、β-CTX、NMID-OC/β-CTX比值、红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、平均血红蛋白量（MCH）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）及镁（Mg）。结果 与A组相比,B组Ca、P、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC含量降低,RDW-CV、N-MID OC/β-CTX含量增加,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。OPVF与β-CTX、Ca、P呈负相关,与RDW-CV、N-MID OC/β-CTX呈正相关(均P<0.05)。骨折患者RDW与N-MID OC、β-CTX、Ca、P、Mg呈负相关(均P<0.05)。RDW、N-MID-OC/β-CTX为OPVF的风险因素(均P<0.05),OR分别为1.38、1.005。二者含量越高,椎体骨折风险越高,最高层是最低层的约3倍和2倍,OR为2.818,1.734。二者联合检测可提高对OPVF的诊断性能,其AUC敏感性、特异性、阳性预示值、阴性预示值分别为0.64、42.78%、82.01%、70.9%、58.3%。结论 血液高RDW和高N-MID OC/β-CTX比值与老年女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折明显相关,是其危险因素,可用于辅助诊断及预测其发生     

The utilization of decellularized tendon slices to provide an inductive microenvironment for the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of stem cells

The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment for the stem cell niches, including but not limited to the biochemical composition, matrix topography, and stiffness, is crucial to stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to explore the capacity of the decellularized tendon slices (DTSs) to induce stem cell proliferation and tenogenic differentiation. Rat adult stem cells, including tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), were identified to have universal stem cell characteristics. The DTSs were found to retain the native tendon ECM microenvironment cues, including the inherent surface topography, well-preserved tendon ECM biochemical composition and similar stiffness to native tendon. When the TDSCs and BMSCs were cultured on the DTSs respectively, the LIVE/DEAD assay, alamarBlue^® assay, scanning electron microscopy examination and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the DTSs have the capacity to support these stem cells homogeneous distribution, alignment, significant proliferation and tenogenic differentiation. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the DTSs can provide a naturally inductive microenvironment for the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs and BMSCs, supporting the use of decellularized tendon ECM as a promising and valuable approach for tendon repair/reconstruction.     

铰链外固定架结合中药外敷手法推拿治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬

目的：探讨铰链外固定架结合中药外敷手法推拿治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的疗效;方法：2008年7月-2011年12月,对37例肘关节僵硬患者（其中男28例,女9例;年龄24～53岁,平均33．7岁）,行切开松解铰链外固定支架固定术,术后配合中药外敷、手法推拿。结果：37例患者术后获平均12．1个月（7～24个月）随访,肘关节平均最大屈曲活动度由术前（60．4±31．10）°改善为术后（101．5±21．10）°,平均最大伸直活动度由术前（35．8±11．10）°,改善为术后（15．6±15．10）°,总平均活动范围由术前（34．2±20．0）°改善为术后（85．9±9．10）°;MEPS评分：术前平均为（70．5±13．3）分,术后平均为（90．6±6．3）分,改善（20．1±17．1）分,术前、术后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．005）。结论：运用铰链外固定架结合中药外敷手法推拿治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的疗效显著,可有效改善僵硬肘关节的活动功能。     

Current diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica

The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) have changed substantially in recent years. Rather than a single disease entity, PMR has emerged as a syndrome produced by a variety of conditions. The diagnostic criteria that have been used for several decades are inadequate. These facts support a new and broader pathological concept, polymyalgic syndrome, and a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach designed to rule out diseases with misleading presentations and to identify the limited number of patients with polymyalgic syndrome who have PMR. Criteria for both polymyalgic syndrome and PMR were developed recently but remain to be validated. These criteria are discussed, as well as the suggested diagnostic approach and treatment strategy. In contrast, studies on pathophysiological models, inflammatory mechanisms, and genetic factors are not considered herein, as they were conducted in heterogeneous populations of patients who did not meet the new criteria. Current data indicate that polymyalgic syndrome is a mode of onset of inflammatory joint disease in individuals older than 50 years of age and not (in most cases) a disease entity.     

反肩关节假体置换治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效评价

目的评估反肩关节假体置换术一期治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年1月采用反肩关节假体置换术治疗43例老年肱骨近端复杂骨折患者资料,男12例,女31例;年龄72岁(范围,66~78岁);均为外伤导致的新鲜闭合性骨折;受伤至手术时间8 d(范围,6~11 d);根据Neer分型,三部分骨折21例(48.8%,21/43),四部分骨折22例(51.2%,22/43)。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Neer肩关节置换疗效评价系统以及Constant-Murley肩关节评分等评价术后疗效。结果43例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间141.3 min(范围,120~170 min),术中失血量407 ml(范围,250~700 ml),术中输血446.5 ml(范围,400~800 ml)。43例患者均获得随访,随访时间10.9个月(范围,6~16个月)。所有患者均在术后7 d内出院,无一例发生伤口相关并发症。43例患者的大、小结节均在8周内完全愈合,至末次随访时,未发生假体松动或脱位。末次随访时肩关节前屈上举133.0°(范围,100°~165°),外旋29.5°(范围,20°~35°),内旋46.7°(范围,30°~60°);VAS评分0.8分(范围,0~3分);Neer评分87分(范围,73~98分),其中优20例(46.5%,20/43),良16例(37.2%,16/43),可7例(16.3%,7/43);Constant-Murley评分88.7分(范围,70~98分)。术后第1天,1例71岁的患者即出现腋神经损伤症状,采用神经营养药物治疗,术后6周复查时症状消失,未影响患者的功能康复锻炼,也未对假体的稳定性造成影响。所有患者随访期间未发现感染、肩峰应力骨折、肩胛骨撞击等并发症。结论采用反肩关节假体置换术一期治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效满意。     

继发性髋-腰综合征的影像学表现及诊断标准

目的探讨继发性髋-腰综合征的影像学表现及诊断标准。方法回顾性分析自2016-06—2019-06诊治的64例继发性髋-腰综合征,分析其影像学表现。结果64例影像学资料均经过完整分析,经确诊继发于股骨头缺血性坏死病例25例,继发于髋关节结构不良15例,继发于股骨髋臼撞击综合征10例,继发于髋关节盂唇、韧带、滑膜炎等6例,其它髋关节周围病变8例。64例腰椎均有不同程度旋转、侧弯,11例继发L4向前Ⅰ度滑移,10例继发L5向前Ⅰ度滑移,3例继发L5向前Ⅱ度滑移,40例脊柱前倾增加,17例继发腰椎间盘突出,10例椎间盘膨出,9例神经根不同程度受压。结论通过影像学资料全面分析髋-腰综合征有助于作出髋-腰综合征的临床诊断和并指导治疗。     

Oblique lumbar interbody fusion combined with stress end plate augmentation and anterolateral screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with osteoporosis: a matched-pair case-controlled study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTOblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has been proven to be effective in treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Whether OLIF is suitable for treating patients with DLSS with osteoporosis (OP) is still controversial. Bone cement augmentation is widely used to enhance the internal fixation strength of osteoporotic spines. However, the effectiveness of OLIF combined with bone cement stress end plate augmentation (SEA) and anterolateral screw fixation (AF) for DLSS with OP have not confirmed yet.PURPOSETo evaluate the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of OLIF-AF versus OLIF-AF-SEA in the treatment of DLSS with OP.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective case-control study.PATIENT SAMPLEA total of 60 patients with OP managed for DLSS at L4–L5.OUTCOME MEASURESVisual analog scale (VAS) score of the lower back and leg, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), disk height (DH), lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), cage subsidence and fusion rate.METHODSThe study was performed as a retrospective matched-pair case‒controlled study. Patients with OP managed for DLSS at L4–L5 between October 2017 and June 2020 and completed at least 2 years of follow-up were included, which were 30 patients treated by OLIF-AF and 30 patients undergoing OLIF-AF-SEA. The demographics and radiographic data, fusion status and functional outcomes were therefore compared to evaluate the efficacy of the two approaches.RESULTSPain and disability improved similarly in both groups at the 24-month follow-up. However, the SEA group had lower pain and functional disability at 3 months postoperatively (p<.05). The mean postoperative disc height decrease (△DH) was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the control group (1.17±0.81 mm vs 2.89±2.03 mm; p<.001). There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis (LL) or segmental lordosis (SL) between the groups preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in SL and LL between the groups at 24 months postoperatively (p<.05). CS was observed in 4 cases (13.33%) in the SEA group and 17 cases (56.67%) in the control group (p<.001). A nonsignificant difference was observed in the fusion rate between the SEA and control groups (p=.347) at 24 months postoperatively.CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed that OLIF-AF-SEA was safe and effective in the treatment of DLSS with OP. Compared with OLIF-AF, OLIF-AF-SEA results in a minor postoperative disc height decrease, a lower rate of CS, better sagittal balance, and no adverse effect on interbody fusion.