中国农村地区现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国农村地区现在吸烟者戒烟意愿,探索其影响因素,为控烟工作提供参考。方法 本研究数据来源于2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测,采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取184 509名≥18岁居民,其中10 241名农村现在吸烟者纳入研究。采用χ²/F检验对戒烟意愿与人口学信息、烟草使用情况、烟草相关危害知识的认知、慢性病患病情况等因素进行单因素分析,多因素分析采用非条件多因素logistic回归分析。结果 3 453名（37.46%）考虑在未来12个月内戒烟。logistic回归分析显示,偶尔吸烟者的戒烟意愿高于每天吸烟者（OR=0.693,95%CI：0.494~0.971）,每天吸烟量<1包者的戒烟意愿高于≥1包者（OR=0.628,95%CI：0.511~0.771）,12个月内有戒烟经历者的戒烟意愿高于12个月内未戒过烟的现在吸烟者（OR=0.438,95%CI：0.357~0.537）,烟草危害认知程度高者戒烟意愿更高（OR=1.056,95%CI：1.028~1.086）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 中国农村地区现在吸烟者戒烟意愿与吸烟状况、吸烟量、戒烟情况、烟草危害认知有关。建议加强对农村地区的健康教育宣传,提供简短的戒烟干预,提高农村现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿。     

小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag的构建及表达验证

目的构建含有生精细胞特异启动子Dazl的真核报告基因表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag,研究生精细胞特异启动子Dazl在生精细胞中的启动效果。方法通过同源重组的方法对腺相关病毒载体AAV-CMV-RFP-Flag进行改造,构建小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag。在体外,转染GC1-spg野生型细胞和HEK-293T细胞,通过免疫荧光、q-PCR、Western blot验证AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag在体外的表达特异性。在体内,将AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag进行腺相关病毒(AAV)包装,通过显微注射技术将AAV注射到小鼠睾丸内,通过q-PCR检测AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag在体内的表达特异性。结果成功构建了AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag表达载体,并在体内、外水平验证了AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag的表达。结论小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag可以在生精细胞中特异性表达,为雄性生殖不育的基因治疗提供更高效的载体工具。     

The organochlorine p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane induces colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an organochlorine pollutant, is associated with several types of cancer. However, the relationship between DDT and colorectal cancer is uncertain. In this study, the impact of p,p′-DDT on colorectal cancer growth was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results indicated that the proliferation of human colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD1 cells was significantly promoted after exposed to low concentrations of p,p′-DDT ranging from 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁷ M for 96 h. Exposure to p,p′-DDT from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁸ M led to upregulation of phospho-GSK3β (Ser9), β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in DLD1 cells. RNA interference of β-catenin inhibited the proliferation of DLD1 cells stimulated by p,p′-DDT. Inhibiting of estrogen receptors (ERs) had no significant effect on the action of p,p′-DDT. Treatment with p,p′-DDT induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in DLD1 cells. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, suppressed the induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and DLD1 cell proliferation by p,p′-DDT. Moreover, in a mouse xenograft model, 5 nmol/kg p,p′-DDT resulted in increased tumor size, oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicated that low concentrations of p,p′-DDT promoted colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was mediated by oxidative stress. The finding suggests an association between low concentrations of p,p′-DDT exposure and colorectal cancer progression.     

Screening and confirmation of microRNA markers for distinguishing between menstrual and peripheral blood

The identification of menstrual blood (MB) and peripheral blood (PB) left at a crime scene is crucial for crime reconstruction, especially in sexual assaults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-protein coding molecules, have been demonstrated to be a viable tool for body fluid identification in forensic casework. Several groups have searched for miRNAs that are specific to different body fluids. Blood has been studied the most extensively. However, menstrual blood was only involved in five studies, and the results confirming the presence of specific miRNAs could not be reproduced in other studies. In this study, we attempted to screen new markers that can differentiate between menstrual blood and peripheral blood by using Exiqon’s miRCURY™ LNA Array. Five miRNAs were selected based on the microarray results, namely, miR-141-3p, miR-373-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-136-5p, whose expression levels exhibited 27.95-, 17.96-, 16.74-, 10.14-, and 9.21-fold changes, respectively, compared to the level in peripheral blood. Two classic quantitative methods, TaqMan hydrolysis probes (TaqMan for short) and SYBR Green fluorochrome (SYBR Green for short), were applied in the confirmation step to study the impact of different quantitative methods on the results. Three miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-497-5p, and miR-143-5p) were confirmed by TaqMan and one (miR-141-3p) by SYBR Green. Furthermore, bioinformatic methods were applied to interpret the candidate miRNAs. Our results established a multi-step procedure for body fluid identification and showed that the choice of quantitative method is important when miRNAs are used to identify the origin of blood samples.     

肝细胞特异性Sirt1缺失加重小鼠肝脏炎性反应

目的探究沉默信息调节因子1 (Sirt1)基因的缺失对小鼠肝脏炎性反应的影响及其作用机制。方法每周记录在高脂喂养下的野生型C57BL/6J雄性小鼠和肝脏特异性Sirt1敲除(Sirt1-LKO)雄性小鼠的体质量,用Western blot和q-PCR检测炎性因子的表达;给小鼠腹腔注射20 mg/kg LPS,用生存曲线来反映小鼠对炎性反应的敏感性。结果与对照组WT小鼠相比,Sirt1-LKO小鼠表现为体质量明显减轻(P<0.05)。另外,生存曲线KaplaneMeier图显示Sirt1-LKO小鼠对LPS刺激呈现低敏感性(P<0.05)。Sirt1-LKO小鼠原代肝细胞中NF-κB蛋白水平增高(P<0.05),及NF-κB下游靶基因炎性因子Tnfα和IL6明显上调(P<0.05)。结论肝细胞特异性Sirt1缺失加重肝脏炎性反应。     

生物质谱技术在中药研究中的应用

生物质谱技术为中药研究尤其是大分子药物的研究提供大量的结构信息,因而近几年发展比较快速。本资料从生物质谱技术在中药药学研究、中药作用相关蛋白研究、中药与生物大分子的相互作用研究、中药治疗的蛋白质组学研究以及代谢组学研究等几个方面综述了近几年生物质谱技术在中药研究中的进展,以供同行参考。     

Effects of green coffee bean extract on C-reactive protein levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background & objective: The effects of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers have been widely spread. The purpose of this article was to assess the impact of GCBE supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.MethodsThe literature search was performed in four databases (Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) to identify studies that examined the influence of GCBE supplementation on CRP levels up to August 2019. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the outcomes were used to estimate the weight mean difference (WMD) between intervention and control groups for the follow-up period.ResultsFive (5) studies, with 6 arms, reported CRP as an outcome. Statistically, the use of GCBE supplements resulted in a significant change in CRP levels (WMD: −0.017 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.032, −0.003, p = 0.018), whose overall findings were obtained from random-effects model. In addition, a significantly greater reduction in CRP was noted for studies with doses of GCBE supplements ≥ 1000 mg/d (WMD: −0.015 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.020, −0.010, p < 0.000), length of intervention < 4 weeks (WMD: -0.015 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.020, −0.010, p < 0.001), and for non-healthy subjects (WMD: −0.019 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.027, −0.011, p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were the ailments of the studies that encompassed non-healthy patients.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that the use of GCBE supplements resulted in a statistical decrease in CRP levels, mainly for non-healthy subjects. However, due to the limited number of studies, further randomized clinical trials are crucial in this regard.     

凹侧撑开预矫形技术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的早期研究

目的 研究凹侧撑开预矫形技术治疗重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸的早期疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月山西医科大学第二医院收治并进行手术治疗的重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的8例病人的临床资料。手术均采用凹侧撑开预矫形后双侧依次上棒二次矫形的手术方法。分别测量术前、术后及末次随访时的影像学参数包括主弯Cobb角、次弯Cobb角、胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、主弯顶椎偏距（AVT）、躯干偏移（TS）。结果 病人随访（9.0±6.3）个月（1~16个月）。术前主弯Cobb角：97.4°±10.0°,次弯Cobb角：55.6°±8.4°,TK：50.4°±20.3°,LL：62.7°±6.3°,AVT：（7.64±1.55） cm,TS：（2.00±1.93） cm;术后即刻主弯Cobb角：25.8°±8.1°,次弯Cobb角：21.0°±12.0°,TK：24.9°±9.6°,LL：31.6°±11.9°,AVT：（2.34±1.45） cm,TS：（1.26±0.63） cm;末次随访主弯Cobb角：21.2°±9.1°,次弯Cobb角：22.4°±16.1°,TK：32.8°±12.0°,LL：37.6°±14.0°,AVT：（2.41±0.81） cm,TS：（1.6±1.4） cm。除TS外,上述其他指标术后即刻、末次随访时的数值与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但术后即刻与末次随访时的数值比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。1例术后7个月出现迟发性感染,遂进行手术清创以及内固定取出术后再愈合。结论 采用凹侧撑开预矫形治疗重度脊柱侧凸能够获得满意的矫形效果,且出血少,术中及术后神经系统并发症发生率低,是一种安全有效且实用的治疗方法。     

A xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A related gene: confirmation using monoclonal antibodies against the cyclobutane dimer and (6-4) photoproduct

Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A was partially complemented by a cosmid genomic clone containing a 42-kb human DNA insert selected with a cDNA clone that we obtained through cDNA competition between the repair-proficient and repair-deficient cell line. The relationship between these two clones was confirmed using PCR amplifications. The enhancement in DNA-repair capacity of the transformants was assessed with the monoclonal antibodies specific for cyclobutane dimers and (6−4) photoproducts and partially correct the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A defect. Furthermore, the level of the photoproduct-repair capacity is in agreement with the survival enhancement calculated from the D₃₇ values. This gene was mapped to chromosome 8, suggesting that this may represent one of the defective gene(s) in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A.