Review of Variables Associated With Positive Surgical Margins Using Scout Reflector Localizations for Breast Conservation Therapy

ObjectiveTo evaluate factors contributing to positive surgical margins associated with reflector guidance for patients undergoing breast conserving therapy for malignancy.Materials and MethodsA retrospective IRB-approved review of our institutional database was performed for malignant breast lesions preoperatively localized from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The following data was recorded using electronic medical records: lesion type and grade, lesion location, reflector and wire placement modality, use of intraoperative ultrasound, margin status, patient age, family history, BMI, and final pathology. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate summary statistics and logistic regression. P < .05 was significant.ResultsA total of 606 image-guided pre-surgical localizations were performed for lumpectomies of breast malignancies. A total of 352 of 606 (58%) wire localizations and 254 of 606 (42%) SCOUT reflector localizations were performed. Sixty out of 352 (17%) of wire-localized patients had positive surgical margins, whereas forty-eight out of 254 (19%) of reflector-localized patients had positive surgical margins. (OR = 1.12, P value: .59). For reflector guided cases, the use of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) was associated with decreased positive margin status (OR = 0 .28, 95% CI = [0.14, 0.58]) while in situ disease was associated with increased positive margin status (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = [1.05, 3.75]). No association between modality used for localization (mammography vs. ultrasound) and positive margin status was observed (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = [0.33, 1.19]). No association between positive margins and age, family history, tumor location and BMI was observed.ConclusionFor reflector guided surgeries, the use of IOUS was associated with decreased positive margins, by contrast the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ was associated with increased positive margins. There was no statistically significant difference in surgical outcomes for reflector-guided localization compared to wire localizations of the breast.     

前牙开(牙合)患者颞下颌关节间隙及髁突形态的锥形束CT评价

目的应用锥形束CT(cone-beam CT,CBCT)对前牙开(牙合)患者的颞下颌关节间隙及髁突形态进行测量分析,探讨前牙开(牙合)患者与正常覆(牙合)患者的颞下颌关节的差异。方法选取2014年6月至2020年8月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的前牙开(牙合)患者54例(前牙(牙合)开组)和正常覆(牙合)患者54例(正常覆(牙合)组),对其拍摄的颌面部CBCT图像使用多平面重建技术重建颞下颌关节矢状位及冠状位图像。使用Ka-melchuk法测量颞下颌关节上、后、前间隙,根据髁突骨质情况将髁突形态分为正常型与异常型2类,对前牙开(牙合)组和正常覆(牙合)组进行关节间隙及髁突形态的统计学分析。将前牙开(牙合)组根据开(牙合)的程度分为3个亚组:(1)Ⅰ°开(牙合)组(开(牙合)距离<3 mm);(2)Ⅱ°开(牙合)组(3 mm≤开(牙合)距离≤5 mm);(3)Ⅲ°开(牙合)组(开(牙合)距离>5 mm),比较3个亚组间关节间隙的差异。结果前牙(牙合)开组与正常覆(牙合)组相比,颞下颌关节前、上间隙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),颞下颌关节后间隙显著增宽(P<0.01);前牙开(牙合)组髁突骨质异常占52.8%,正常覆(牙合)组骨质异常占21.3%,两组间具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与Ⅰ°和Ⅱ°前牙开(牙合)患者相比,Ⅲ°前牙开(牙合)患者髁突在关节窝内更靠前(P<0.05)。结论前牙开(牙合)患者的髁突在关节窝内位置更加靠前、髁突骨质异常比例较高。     

Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) release,an early indicator of acute hepatic injury in mice

Three acute hepatic injury models (a CCl₄-induced model, APAP-induced model and ethanol-induced model) in mice were used to study the importance of GSTA1 in acute hepatic injury by comparison with a standard enzyme marker, alanine aminotransferase (ALT). GSTA1 release was demonstrated to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of hepatotoxicity than was ALT. Significant increases in GSTA1 were detected at 2 h after CCl₄ exposure, while ALT was undetected at this time. GSTA1 was also a more sensitive indicator of hepatotoxicity than ALT after 6 h. In the APAP and ethanol models, GSTA1 was markedly increased earlier than ALT, at 2 h post exposure. The release of GSTA1 was significantly increased at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg (CCl₄ model), 100 mg/kg (APAP model) and 10 ml/kg (ethanol model), the lowest exposure concentration for each model. In contrast, AST release was not statistically significant. These results suggest that GSTA1 can be detected at low concentrations during the early stages of acute hepatic injury and that GSTA1 is a more sensitive and more accurate indicator than ALT.     

阵发性心房颤动患者心房及肺静脉不应期离散度的变化

目的探讨阵发性房颤患者房颤相关组织的电生理特性改变情况。方法选取阵发性房颤患者10例(房颤组)和无房颤病史的左侧旁路有显性预激波患者15例(对照组)。将大头电极分别放置在两组患者左上肺静脉、左下肺静脉、右上肺静脉、右下肺静脉开口及左心房顶壁、前壁、后壁、高位右心房,分别测定各部位有效不应期(EPR)。结果①房颤组心房及肺静脉EPR离散度指数(DI)为0.117±0.028,对照组为0.074±0.029,两组比较,P<0.05。②房颤组左心房ERP为(234.00±28.72)ms,肺静脉ERP为(230.75±32.69)ms;对照组左心房ERP为(248.00±25.99)ms,肺静脉ERP为(244.33±26.78)ms,两组比较,P均<0.05。结论阵发性房颤患者DI明显增大,左心房、肺静脉ERP显著缩短。     

胰腺癌相关脑梗死的临床特点及发病机制探讨

目的　初步探讨胰腺癌相关脑梗死的临床特点及可能的发病机制。方法　纳入2008年1月—2018年12月在广西医科大学第一附属医院及附属肿瘤医院治疗的胰腺癌相关脑梗死患者（胰腺癌尚未治愈,合并急性脑梗死且不伴有传统卒中因素）为胰腺癌相关脑梗死（PCCI）组,并按照1∶1比例收集同期年龄、性别匹配的单纯胰腺癌患者为（PC）组,对比分析2组患者临床资料。结果　PCCI组共纳入30例患者,其中性粒细胞绝对值、D-二聚体、CA125、CA199水平高于PC组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。PCCI组中24例（80.00%）表现为多个动脉供血区域的多发梗死灶,14例（46.67%）最大梗死灶直径≤2 cm,10例（33.33%）最大梗死灶直径为2~5 cm。20例（66.67%）在确诊胰腺癌后6个月内发生急性脑梗死。3例（10.00%）以急性脑梗死为首发表现,在住院期间确诊为胰腺癌。脑梗死TOAST分型以小动脉闭塞型及原因不明型为主。多因素Logistic回归分析显示血浆D-二聚体＞0.5 mg/L及CA199＞120 mg/L是PCCI的独立危险因素。结论　胰腺癌相关脑梗死发生机制可能与血液高凝状态、血管内微小血栓形成有关。     

宫颈癌术后调强计划稳健性研究

目的:通过移动等中心模拟系统误差,探讨宫颈癌术后调强放射治疗（IMRT）中剂量分布受系统摆位误差的敏感程度。方法:分别制定30例宫颈癌术后IMRT计划,在治疗计划中移动等中心,假设每次治疗时系统误差都为同一方向,每位患者沿原始x、y、z轴各移动等中心±3.0、±5.0和±7.0 mm模拟左右、腹背、头脚方向系统摆位误差对剂量分布的影响,在不改变优化条件的情况,重新计算剂量分布,得到30个参考计划与540个再计划DVH参数。配对t检验不同方向差异。结果:误差为3、5和7 mm时,CTV D98和PTV V95下降平均偏差分别为0.16%和0.55%、0.44%和1.72%、0.89%和3.41%;小肠、直肠、膀胱、左股骨头和右股骨头V50超标频率分别为2.22%、0.00%、0.00%、0.00%和0.00%,11.11%、2.22%、0.00%、4.44%和4.44%,15.56%、6.67%、2.78%、13.33%和14.44%。采用配对t检验对不同方向误差进行对比时发现:（1）y轴方向摆位误差比x和z轴方向对CTV D98和PTV V95影响更敏感（P<0.05, P<0.05）;（2）背方向摆位误差比其他方向对小肠和膀胱V50 影响更敏感（P<0.05, P<0.05）;（3）腹方向摆位误差比其他方向对直肠V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）;（4）右方向摆位误差比其他方向对左股骨头V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）;（5）左方向摆位误差比其他方向对右股骨头V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）。结论:摆位误差较小时（<5 mm）,靶区剂量和小肠、膀胱、直肠、左右股骨头V50受摆位误差敏感程度较小,宫颈癌术后IMRT计划较稳健。当摆位误差增大时,宫颈癌术后IMRT计划不再稳健,治疗前一定需要寻找原因,如有必要还需重新做体位固定装置。     

Low selenium plasma levels in surgical and intensive care patients: Relation to infection

Plasma selenium was determined pre-operatively and during 10 days of TPN in 21 Swedish patients presenting for major surgery. Pre-operative hyposelenaemia was found in five patients, and was significantly related to the presence of an inflammatory response (CRP ⩾= 100 mg/l). There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.58, p<0.01) between selenium and CRP. Nineteen patients with severe septicaemia were also studied; 17 had low selenium plasma levels, and two were in the low normal range. It is concluded that hyposelenaemia in surgical patients is associated with infection. There may be a need for selenium supplementation of TPN in patients at risk for sepsis.     

中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁Meta分析

目的:系统评价中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁患者的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国医学生物文献数据库、维普资讯、PubMed及Web of Science等中英文数据库,筛选出自各数据库建库以来至2018年7月关于中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁的临床随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)研究,根据系统评价标准依次进行文献质量评价和Meta分析。结果:纳入14个研究,共1183例患者。Meta分析结果显示:中西医结合治疗癫痫伴抑郁在降低HAMD评分、提高QLOIE-31评分方面优于单纯西药治疗。癫痫发作频次改善率效应值合并量OR=3.53,95%CI(1.73,7.17),Z=3.48(P=0.0005),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床安全性效应值合并量OR=0.59,95%CI(0.35,0.98),Z=2.03(P=0.04),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合足疗程治疗癫痫伴抑郁临床疗效优于单纯西药治疗,且临床安全性良好,但因纳入研究数量和质量有限,上述结论尚待高质量的RCT研究验证。     

基于大数据公共卫生危机的精准治理

大数据时代的到来为实现公共卫生危机精准治理效率提供了新契机.从新冠肺炎疫情中大数据的应用着手,文章分析了公共卫生危机治理模式的变革、公共卫生危机治理存在的问题,并提出了基于大数据公共卫生危机治理的实施路径和保障措施,为提升我国公共卫生危机治理能力提供借鉴.     

分级机械脑损伤动物模型的建立

建立一新的分级机械脑损伤动物模型。方法采用自行设计的撞击装置,以撞击峰压和形变作外伤参娄,并保持较恒定的撞压时间,观察４０只猫在不同撞击水平下的脑生理,病理变化和脑含水量。结果在低撞击水平（ＰＰ０．４５ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２,ＤＦ２．５ｍｍ）,动物出现轻微脑损伤生理反应,病理改变仅局限于撞压处的脑浅层,脑含水量不增加;在中度撞击水平（ＰＰ０．６５ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２,ＤＦ３．５ｍｍ）,则出现明显脑损伤生理反应,