Cervical cancer prevention-related knowledge and attitudes among female undergraduate students from different ethnic groups within China,a survey-based study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to understand cervical cancer prevention-related knowledge and attitudes among female undergraduate students from different ethnic groups within China. We conducted a survey among ethnically diverse female students from the Minzu University of China, in Beijing in October, 2014. Results: Questionnaires from 493 participants aged from 16 to 26 years were included in the final database. The seven ethnic groups included in the final analysis were Han, Korean, Mongolian, Uyghur, Tibetan, Hui, and Tujia. Compared to the Han Chinese, the members of the other six ethnic groups had lower cervical cancer knowledge levels. The knowledge scores of Mongolian and Korean students were significantly lower than those of the Han Chinese. The willingness to accept cervical cancer prevention efforts also differed across different ethnic groups. After adjusting for age and place of residence, the acceptance of cervical cancer screening among the Tibetan, Uyghur, and Korean groups was significantly lower than among the Han Chinese, with different related decision-making factors in each group. Cervical cancer prevention-related public education is an urgent need in China. Extra consideration of ethnic differences should be taken into account when designing and improving new current cervical cancer prevention programs.     

2004-2021年内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市布鲁氏菌病流行病学及菌株分子特征分析

目的 对2004—2021年内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市人间布鲁氏菌病（布病）的流行特征进行分析,为制定该地区人间布病防控策略提供理论支持。方法 采用发病数、发病率和构成比等描述疫情。采用AMOS-聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析（MLVA）对2016年该地区分离的菌株进行鉴定和基因分型。基于MLVA-16分型方法对本研究的菌株与国际布鲁氏菌MLVA数据库的羊种布鲁氏菌进行比较,调查菌株间的分子流行病学关联。结果 2004—2011年乌兰察布市人间布病呈现逐年增多态势,并在2011年到达流行顶峰,2012—2108年显著下降,但2019—2021年再次反弹。2004—2021年该地区共报告人间布病29 713例,年均报告1 650例,年均发病率为75.46/10万。乌兰察布市后山地区的流行情况高于前山地区。经AMOSPCR和MLVA-8两种分子方法鉴定表明,22株菌均为羊种布鲁氏菌,且属于东地中海血统。菌株间有较高的遗传相似性（80%～100%）,提示菌株来自单一的共同祖先。此外,来自本研究的20个株菌分别与先前该地区分离菌株和该地区之外的菌株形成完全相同的MLVA-...     

Associations of hematological and biochemical markers with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in stroke-free populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Background and aimsIntracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. We aimed to synthesize relevant evidence on the associations of hematological and biochemical markers with ICAS in stroke-free populations.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles reporting associations of hematological and biochemical markers with ICAS presence in stroke-free populations. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each biomarker were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models. Among 32 studies included in the systematic review, 23 studies (48,326 subjects) with 22 biomarkers were meta-analyzed. Compared with subjects without ICAS, those with ICAS had significantly higher white blood cell (4118 subjects, WMD 0.28 per 10⁹/L, 95% CI 0.01–0.56), neutrophil (4326 subjects, WMD 0.24 per 10⁹/L, 0.10–0.38), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (4326 subjects, WMD 0.16, 0.07–0.26), low-density lipoprotein (28,606 subjects, WMD 0.12 mmol/L, 0.05–0.19), non-high-density lipoprotein (3671 subjects, WMD 0.17 mmol/L, 0.08–0.25), C-reactive protein (CRP; 5355 subjects, WMD 0.06 mg/dL, 0.04–0.07), high-sensitivity CRP (9383 subjects, WMD 0.07 mg/dL, 0.01–0.13), uric acid (5966 subjects, WMD 17.91 μmol/L, 11.16–24.66), creatinine (5731 subjects, WMD 4.03 μmol/L, 0.77–7.29), and homocysteine (7053 subjects, WMD 2.25 μmol/L, 1.02–3.48), but lower lymphocyte (4326 subjects, WMD ?0.12 per 10⁹/L, ?0.19–?0.04). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results.ConclusionsSeveral hematological and biochemical markers easily accessible were associated with ICAS presence in stroke-free populations. This can facilitate early identification of subjects at a high risk of ICAS, who may benefit from ICAS screening and prevention.Prospero registration numberCRD42021247990.     

滑膜成纤维细胞在类风湿性关节炎中的作用及中药干预研究进展

类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种常见的自身免疫性疾病，滑膜组织的过度增生和破骨细胞性骨吸收是引起RA发生骨、关节破坏的两大主要原因。RA滑膜成纤维细胞（RA-FLS）是RA滑膜组织中最主要的细胞之一，其生长特性的改变及凋亡抑制导致滑膜组织增生，激发炎症反应，破坏关节结构及导致关节功能障碍。因此，调控RA-FLS的异常增殖和促凋亡能够干预RA发病进程。目前有很多中药及中药单体成分对RA-FLS过度增殖及促凋亡方面的研究。鉴于此，本文通过查阅大量文献资料，对RA-FLS在RA中的作用及中药单体和复方通过调控RA-FLS来干预RA的相关研究进展进行了综述，结果表明，单体成分包括萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、蒽醌类及其他类。虽然他们的类型不相同，但通过不同的途径最终达到能够有效地干预RA。如通过抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌，抑制软骨细胞及破骨细胞的生成从而防治骨、软骨的破坏，和上调Fas/FasL、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）、JAK/信号传导及转录激活因子（STAT）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）等信号通路中的促凋亡基因B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）相关X蛋白（Bax）、胱天蛋白酶（Caspase）及下调抑制凋亡基因Bcl-XL、Bcl-2的水平而实现细胞凋亡，以及降低RA-FLS自噬蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3 Ⅱ（LC3Ⅱ）/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1蛋白表达水平而实现抑制RA-FLS增殖。虽然他们的分子作用机制和靶点不相同但都起到了相应的作用，以上研究结果为阐明中医药的多成分、多靶点治疗RA提供了科学依据。     

Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on Syringa oblata, a traditional Mongolian medicine

Syringa oblata is a traditional Mongolian medicine mainly distributed in the Helan Mountains (the boundaries of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China) and the north of Yan Mountains (Aohan Qi, Inner Mongolia, China). It is clinically used to treat diseases caused by Heyi, such as heartache and heat pathogen in the heart. Phytochemical studies on S. oblata revealed the presence of iridoids, lignans, triterpenes, phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, and volatile components. Pharmacological investigations revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and hepatoprotective effects. This article summarized the chemical components and pharmacological activities of S. oblata, providing a scientific rationale for its bioactive constituents, quality control, and utilization as an important medicine.     

Metabolomics investigation on antiobesity effects of Corydalis bungeana on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced obese rats

Objective: Corydalis bungeana (CB) is a well-used medicinal herb in Mongolian folk medicine and has been traditionally applied?as?an antiobesity agent. However, the evidence-based pharmacological effects of CB and its specific metabolic alterations?in the obese model are not entirely understood. This study aimed to utilize untargeted metabolomic techniques to identify biomarkers and gain mechanistic insight into the serum metabolite alterations associated with weight loss and lipid metabolism in obese rats. Methods: A high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet was used to induce obese models in rats. CB extract was orally gavaged at 0.18, 0.9 and 1.8 g/kg doses for six weeks, and feed intake, body weight, fat pad weight, and blood indexes were measured. Blood serum metabolites were evaluated by gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). Results: The results showed that compared with the obese group, the administration of CB extract caused significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.05), feed intake, Lee’s index, and perirenal, mesenteric, epididymal fat weight. CB extract also reduced blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) of obese rats. Metabolomic findings showed that nine differential metabolites, including pyruvic acid, D-glucuronic acid, malic acid, dimethylglycine, oxoglutaric acid, pantothenic acid, sorbitol acid, fumaric acid and glucose 6-phosphate were identified under CB treatment and altered metabolic pathways such as TCA cycle, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated weight loss and lipid lowering effects of CB on HFHS diet-induced obese rats and identified nine metabolites as potential biomarkers for evaluating the favorable therapeutic mechanism of CB via regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.     

Discussion on evolution of Mongolian medicinal material names and countermeasures for standardization

Mongolian pharmacy is an important part of traditional medicine for the Chinese nation, with a long history and a complete theoretical system. The Mongolian people have accumulated and summarized the types and usage of Mongolian medicines in the practice of fighting against diseases over a long history. Mongolian medicinal resources are rich and diverse, the processing is self-contained, and the methods of medication are scientific and reasonable. Mongolian pharmacy not only has a deep historical relationship with traditional Chinese medicine but has also absorbed the essence of ancient Tibetan and Indian Ayurvedic medicine in the process of its development. We can identify the historical traces of the continuous exchange, communication, and integration of various ethnic medicinal cultures from the names of Mongolian medicinal materials. Because of the differences in languages and cultures of the various ethnic groups, the names of Mongolian medicinal materials have undergone a long historical period of evolution. These need to be further standardized owing to complications caused by the existence of synonyms and homonyms.     

基于决策树的蒙医热证方剂组方规律数据挖掘

目的 对蒙医热证方剂的组方规律进行分析,发现对主治病症发生转折作用的关键药物,指导蒙药新药研发。方法 对《传统蒙药与方剂》中治疗热证的方剂进行数据预处理,采用自主研发的“蒙医方剂数据挖掘系统”中C4.5算法进行决策树分析。结果 通过实验,得到基于药物和主治关系的决策树,并生成了各主治对应的关联规则。结论 悬钩子木是治疗未成熟热的关键药物,蒜炭是治疗空虚热的关键药物,苘麻子是治疗浊热的关键药物,熊胆是治疗伤热的关键药物。在治疗炽盛热、隐伏热、陈旧热、讧热的方剂中,出现次数较多的是悬钩子木、荜茇、茜草、诃子。尤其是悬钩子木出现的次数最多,是治疗热证的关键药物。