“一带一路”背景下医学留学生计算机基础教育探讨

以中山大学中山医学院的医学留学生计算机基础教育课程为例，分析医学留学生教育基本情况和信息素养，构建“一带一路”背景下面向国际的数字化医生课程体系，阐述课程总体目标和主要内容以及多元化教学模式在课程中的应用，以期更好地适应国际社会对医学人才的需要。     

Point of Care Ultrasound: A WFUMB Position Paper

Over the last decade, the use of portable ultrasound scanners has enhanced the concept of point of care ultrasound (PoC-US), namely, “ultrasound performed at the bedside and interpreted directly by the treating clinician.” PoC-US is not a replacement for comprehensive ultrasound, but rather allows physicians immediate access to clinical imaging for rapid and direct solutions. PoC-US has already revolutionized everyday clinical practice, and it is believed that it will dramatically change how ultrasound is applied in daily practice. However, its use and teaching are different from continent to continent and from country to country. This World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology position paper discusses the current status and future perspectives of PoC-US. Particular attention is given to the different uses of PoC-US and its clinical significance, including within emergency and critical care medicine, cardiology, anesthesiology, rheumatology, obstetrics, neonatology, gynecology, gastroenterology and many other applications. In the future, PoC-US will be more diverse than ever and be included in medical student training.     

Allele frequencies of the new European Standard Set (ESS) loci in a population of Apulia (Southern Italy)

Allele frequencies of five miniSTRs loci (D1S1656, D2S441, D12S391, D10S1248 and D22S1045) included in the new European Standard Set (ESS) were calculated from a sample of 150 unrelated individuals from Apulia, a Region of Southern Italy. Two different PCR Amplification Kits were used, in order to evaluate the concordance of the genotypes. The results obtained with the two kits showed no differences in all genotype profiles. No deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations was detected at either locus. Moreover genetic analysis using Fst estimation showed no evidence for differentiation at the five new loci between Apulia and Italian populations. The high levels of polymorphisms of the analyzed markers in the Apulian population allow to confirm that these markers are useful tools in paternity and forensic analysis from degraded DNA samples.     

Identification of the sequence variations of 15 autosomal STR loci in a Chinese population

Background: DNA sequence variation including base(s) changes and insertion or deletion in the primer binding region may cause a null allele and, if this changes the length of the amplified fragment out of the allelic ladder, off-ladder (OL) alleles may be detected.

Aim: In order to provide accurate and reliable DNA evidence for forensic DNA analysis, it is essential to clarify sequence variations in prevalently used STR loci.

Subjects and methods: Suspected null alleles and OL alleles of PlowerPlex16® System from 21?934 unrelated Chinese individuals were verified by alternative systems and sequenced.

Results: A total of 17 cases with null alleles were identified, including 12 kinds of point mutations in 16 cases and a 19-base deletion in one case. The total frequency of null alleles was 7.751?×?10^?4. Eight hundred and forty-four OL alleles classified as being of 97 different kinds were observed at 15 STR loci of the PowerPlex®16 system except vWA. All the frequencies of OL alleles were under 0.01.

Conclusion: Null alleles should be confirmed by alternative primers and OL alleles should be named appropriately. Particular attention should be paid to sequence variation, since incorrect designation could lead to false conclusions.     

Biomechanical analysis of fractures in the mandibular neck (collum mandibulae)

After treatment of fractures in the neck of the mandible by means of immobilization of the dentition, often more or less severe manifestations of malocclusion remain. It was hypothesized that this is caused by an altered articulation in the jaw joint on the affected side. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that an anteriorly displaced condyle, as observed frequently as a side effect of the treatment, is caused by pull of the lateral pterygoid muscle, despite maxillomandibular fixation.Intervention experiments were performed in silico to test these hypotheses. With a biomechanical model of the human masticatory system alterations were applied mimicking a fractured mandibular neck and configurations that had been observed after healing.It was predicted that the altered articulation in the jaw joint caused asymmetrical jaw movements despite symmetrical muscle activation. The jaw was predicted to close with an open bite similar to clinical observations. The predicted laterodeviations, however, were not in accordance with clinical observations. Despite maxillo-mandibular fixation the lateral pterygoid muscle was able to pull the mandibular condyle out of its fossa in anterior direction. Consequently, despite some methodological limitations, in general the predictions corroborated the hypotheses.