Looking Ahead in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Integrating New Agents in the Armamentarium of the Urologist

Urologists play a pivotal role in many aspects of the care of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, until recently, in some European countries, they have rarely been involved in the systemic treatment of this disease or in the design of clinical trials. This is undoubtedly set to change with the emergence of new oral, molecularly targeted therapies for RCC. Sorafenib (Nexavar^®; Bayer Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA) is one such therapy, which has already been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of RCC. Although targeted agents show great promise for the treatment of RCC, their precise role in the treatment of metastatic disease, and in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings has yet to be defined. Drawing from their extensive experience of RCC, urologists will be instrumental in the design and application of clinical studies to define the role of targeted therapies in all settings of RCC and, ultimately, to integrate targeted therapies into clinical practice. Through increased understanding of the molecular pathways involved in RCC, research into diagnostic and prognostic markers, and commitment to clinical trials, urologists can be at the forefront of this progress.     

长链非编码RNA lnc-CCDC33-1:1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测lnc-CCDC33-1:1在甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）中的表达,并分析其临床意义。方法：选取2021年11月至2022年3月杭州市萧山区第一人民医院收治的120例PTC患者,收集120例PTC组织及30例癌旁正常甲状腺组织。采用qRT-PCR检测lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC组织及癌旁组织中的表达。分析本地队列和TCGA队列中lnc-CCDC33-1:1表达水平与PTC患者临床病理因素的相关性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价lnc-CCDC33-1:1对PTC的诊断价值。结果：与癌旁正常甲状腺组织比,lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC组织中表达明显升高（P ＜0.001）。ROC曲线显示曲线下面积为0.803（95%CI =0.736～0.869,P ＜0.001）。本地队列显示lnc-CCDC33-1:1 表达与PTC肿瘤大小（P =0.048）、腺外侵犯（P =0.019）、T分期（P =0.011）和淋巴结转移（P =0.009）相关,TCGA组数据显示lnc-CCDC33-1:1表达水平与PTC腺外侵犯（P =0.036）和淋巴结转移（P ＜0.001）相关。结论：lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC中表达异常升高,与PTC高危特征相关,可能是潜在的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。     

RT-PCR-ELISA方法检测甲肝减毒活疫苗病毒滴度的初步研究

目的 应用核酸扩增产物测定的固相杂交酶联显色法(RT-PCR-ELISA)检测甲肝减毒活疫苗病毒滴度。方法 应用RT-PCR-ELISA。将标记有生物素的寡核苷酸引物所扩增的疫苗病毒基因产物。与微孔反应板上的特异性探针进行快速杂交，通过辣根过氧化物酶标记的链亲和素进行酶联显色。读取吸光度(A值)。判断结果。应用此法检测了11批甲肝活疫苗滴度。并与常规细胞培养法(CCID50)比较。结果 本方法与细胞培养法的敏感性相仿，具有简便、快速、特异的优点。结论 RTPCR-ELISA法有望代替常规细胞培养法应用于甲肝减毒活疫苗病毒滴度的检测。     

Acupoint stimulation for long COVID: A promising intervention: 穴位刺激治疗长新冠:一种有前景的干预措施

“Long COVID” is a sustained symptom following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to recent statistics, at least 65 million people have long COVID, which poses a long-term threat to human health. The pathogenic mechanisms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are complex and affect multiple organs and systems. Common symptoms include palpitations, breathing difficulties, attention and memory deficits, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. It is difficult to achieve satisfactory treatment effect with a single intervention. Currently, treatment strategies for long COVID are still in the exploratory stage, and there is an urgent need to find appropriate and effective methods for long COVID treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in treating the various phases of COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that acupoint stimulation therapy is effective in improving palpitations, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms in patients. According to previous studies, acupoint stimulation may improve various symptoms related to long COVID. This paper discusses the potential application value of acupoint stimulation in the treatment of long COVID-related symptoms, based on the common sequelae of various systems involved in long COVID, and the effect of acupoint stimulation in the treatment of similar symptoms and diseases in recent years.     

N-myc下游调节基因家族成员3在胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭中的作用

目的探讨N-myc下游调节基因家族成员3(NDRG3)对胃癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制。方法实验分NDRG3敲减组和对照组,AGS-NDRG3小发夹状RNA(shRNA)组采用shRNA技术干扰AGS细胞中NDRG3表达,同时设置AGS-Vector对照组转染空白对照病毒;通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测两组细胞中NDRG3 mRNA和蛋白表达以检查AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组中NDRG3敲减效果,利用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法和Transwell实验分别检测两组细胞中细胞增殖和侵袭能力,利用流式细胞仪分析两组细胞中细胞周期分布情况,并通过Western blot检测敲减两组细胞中细胞核增殖抗原(Ki-67)和p53蛋白表达水平,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组NDRG3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著低于对照组(NDRG3 mRNA,0.220±0.035比1.020±0.078,t=14.713,P<0.01;NDRG3蛋白,0.140±0.018比0.820±0.025,t=7.892,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。CCK-8实验结果显示,在培养24、48、72 h后,AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组细胞的增殖水平(0.388±0.025、0.576±0.044、0.873±0.051)明显低于对照组(0.457±0.033、0.674±0.047、1.125±0.062),差异均有统计学意义(t=4.983、5.852、8.082,P<0.01);Transwell迁移实验结果表明,AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组侵袭穿过Transwell小室膜的细胞数[(474.5±27.6)个]明显低于对照组[(1127.0±48.8)个],差异有统计学意义(t=12.380,P<0.01);细胞周期分析显示,敲减NDRG3表达的AGS细胞周期阻滞于S期,其S期占49.33%,对照组S期占30.29%(t=4.634,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义;Western blot检测结果显示,敲减NDRG3表达后AGS细胞中Ki-67蛋白表达低于对照组(0.380±0.021比0.860±0.036,t=5.163,P<0.01)、野生型p53蛋白表达高于对照组(0.720±0.018比0.160±0.013,t=11.354,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论NDRG3可能通过调控p53通路促进AGS细胞增殖及侵袭能力。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶含有Jumonji结构域的蛋白质2D在胃癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的观察含有Jumonji结构域的蛋白质2D(JMJD2D)在胃癌组织的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法收集2013年1月至2014年12月期间来自中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院(浙江省肿瘤医院)手术治疗并经病理诊断证实的133例胃腺癌标本。采用免疫组织化学法检测133例胃癌组织及其配对的癌旁正常组织中JMJD2D的表达,应用SPSS-22统计软件分析其临床意义及与预后的关系,采用比例风险回归模型(proportional hazards model,Cox模型)多因素回归分析JMJD2D蛋白表达及其他病理参数对胃癌患者预后的预测价值。结果胃癌组织中JMJD2D的高表达率为75.9%(101/133),显著高于癌旁正常胃组织(高表达率2.3%,3/133,χ²=64.821,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。肿瘤组织中JMJD2D高表达与患者幽门螺杆菌感染状态(χ²=22.163,P<0.01)、肿瘤分化程度(χ²=7.022,P<0.05)、浸润深度(χ²=5.061,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移状态(χ²=14.123,P<0.01)、临床TNM分期(χ²=23.194,P<0.01)显著相关,而与患者性别、肿瘤诊断时年龄、肿瘤部位和大小无相关(χ²=0.072、1.451、2.562、1.383,P值均>0.05)。普兰-迈耶(Kaplan-Meier)生存分析显示,JMJD2D高表达的胃癌患者与正常/低表达患者中位生存时间分别为34个月和65个月,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比例风险回归模型(proportional hazards model,Cox模型)多因素回归分析表明JMJD2D高表达是胃癌患者独立预后因素[危险比(HR)=2.38,P<0.01]。结论JMJD2D在胃癌组织中高表达,且与胃癌进展及患者预后显著相关。     

醋制商陆正丁醇部位降低肝肾毒性作用机制研究

目的 采用代谢组学的方法探究商陆Phytolacca acinosa醋制前后正丁醇部位肝肾毒性的差异及减毒作用机制。方法 采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS的方法对商陆醋制前后正丁醇部位的成分变化进行研究。小鼠ig商陆生醋品正丁醇部位低、高剂量（27、54 mg/kg）28 d后,通过血清生化指标和病理切片评价商陆醋制前后的肝肾毒性差异;采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对血清进行数据采集;通过QI、HMDB及MetaboAnalyst 5.0寻找与商陆炮制减毒相关的差异代谢物及代谢通路。结果 商陆醋制后部分皂苷类成分含量下降显著,并能够明显降低生品导致的肝肾功能指标的异常升高。病理切片结果显示,与对照组比较,生品组的肝、肾组织病变明显;醋制后病变程度显著减轻。通路富集分析发现胆汁酸代谢可能与商陆醋制减毒密切相关;进一步对胆汁酸进行半定量分析发现,商陆醋制后能够改善生品导致的结合型胆汁酸含量的下降及次级胆汁酸含量的升高,从而改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱。结论 商陆生品具有肝肾毒性,醋制后皂苷类成分含量下降,毒性显著降低,其作用机制可能与改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱密切相关。     

霍山石斛多糖的结构分析、生物活性研究进展及与不同种间多糖成分差异性分析

霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense作为一种名贵的滋补类中药,收载于《中国药典》2020年版。多糖为其主要活性成分之一,具有免疫调节、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗炎等药理活性。通过查阅国内外文献,基于中国知网及PubMed等中英文文献数据库分析当前研究现状及研究热点;总结霍山石斛多糖（Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide,DHP）的提取分离、结构解析及其生物活性;分析其多糖成分与其他常用石斛品种的差异性。以期更好地开发利用DHP,为DHP产品的深入开发与研究及质量标准完善提供参考和思路。     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.