2005～2009年玉溪市肺结核流行病学特征分析

目的了解玉溪市肺结核流行病学特征,为有效控制结核病疫情,科学制定玉溪市下一个十年结核病防治规划目标提供依据。方法应用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析2005~2009年玉溪市登记活动性肺结核病人的性别、年龄、职业、地区、时间分布等特征。结果玉溪市2005~2009年登记活动性肺结核病例4 148例,2005年登记率为46.13/10万,以后逐年下降,2009年为34.97/10万,各年间无显著差异（P〉0.05）;登记的肺结核病人中男女之比为1.85：1,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;肺结核患病高峰年龄为25~44岁之间,占总发病人数的36.07%;农民占总发病人数的81.34%;肺结核年平均登记率山区县达74.42/10万,与半山区、坝区相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;发病没有明显季节变化。结论玉溪市结核病疫情依然严重,防治工作重点应放在山区的农村,其次是学校,重点对象为男性青壮年。     

2019年云南省玉溪市输入性登革热病例实验室检测结果分析

目的 分析2019年云南省玉溪市输入性登革病例的流行病学特征及其病毒分子遗传背景,为当地登革热防控提供科学依据。 方法 采集输入性登革热病例血清标本,用实时荧光RT-PCR进行登革病毒血清型检测,对E基因进行测序及系统进化分析。 结果 2019年玉溪市共监测到23例输入性登革热病例,其中,来自云南省景洪市18例、柬埔寨3例、缅甸和越南各1例。主要分布在江川区(9例)和红塔区(8例)。成年病例为主,以农民(11例)和家务及待业者(5例)为主。共检测20份样本, 17份景洪市输入样本检出11例DENV-1、5例DENV-2、1例DENV-3阳性;2份柬埔寨输入样本检出1例DENV-1阳性;1份缅甸输入样本为DENV阴性。从景洪市输入的DENV阳性样本中得到6条DENV-1、3条DENV-2和1条DENV-3 E基因序列。6株DENV-1 E基因核苷酸相似性为99.4%~100%,与2019年景洪市DENV-1本地流行株和柬埔寨输入株核苷酸相似性为100%,属于基因I型;3株DENV-2 E基因核苷酸相似性为91.1%~99.9%,与2019年景洪市DENV-2本地流行株的核苷酸相似性为99.8%~100%,属于Asian I基因型和Cosmopolitan基因型;1株DENV-3 E基因序列与2019年景洪市DENV-3本地流行株的核苷酸相似性为99.3%,属于基因III型。 结论 2019年云南省玉溪市存在境内外两个来源的登革热输入病例,病例中存在3种血清型登革病毒感染,输入性病例的登革病毒与东南亚地区流行株进化关系最近。今后应进一步加强登革热输入病例的检测与监测。     

2010年玉溪市华宁县人群麻疹抗体水平调查

目的了解华宁县人群实施麻疹疫苗接种情况及血清抗体水平,为2012年按期实现消除麻疹提供依据。方法采用分层和整群抽样(PPS)方法,在华宁县范围内随机抽取3个乡镇,每个乡镇抽3个行政村,每个村按8个年龄组(1岁、1岁～、3岁～、5岁～、7岁～、11岁～、15岁～、≥20岁)进行,每个年龄组调查5或6人,共调查382人。结果调查的382人中麻疹疫苗接种率(≥1针次)为72.51%,抗体阳性率为95.03%;3个乡镇的人群麻疹疫苗接种率、抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);各年龄组间麻疹疫苗接种率、抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其中1岁人群的麻疹疫苗接种率、抗体阳性率均较低,分别为44.44%、77.78%;性别间麻疹疫苗接种率、抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),男性显著高于女性。结论华宁县人群麻疹抗体阳性率较高,能有效控制输入性病例引起的流行,对有效控制麻疹取得了较好的效果。     

玉溪市小石桥乡居民艾滋病知识现状及影响因素分析

目的：了解玉溪市小石桥乡居民艾滋病知识的知晓情况,并分析其影响因素,为制订有效遏制艾滋病在少数民族地区流行蔓延势头策略提供科学参考。方法：通过流行病学横断面调查和定性研究相结合的方法,整群抽取217名大众进行结构式问卷调查,并对艾滋病知识的知晓情况进行分析。结果：小石桥乡大众艾滋病知识平均知晓率为84.8%,经过统计学分析得出不同民族、文化程度、是否经常外出人员的艾滋病知识知晓情况间存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）,文化程度高、经常外出人员的艾滋病知识知晓率高。结论：小石桥乡大众对艾滋病知识有一定了解,当地艾滋病知识知晓率的影响因素主要为文化程度和是否经常外出。     

澄江县1998-2007年伤寒流行趋势分析

目的探讨澄江县伤寒流行趋势，为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法，对澄江县1998-2007年期间疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的伤寒疫情资料进行分析。结果从1953-2000年期间低于20／10万有11次（最低为无病例报告），超过90／10万有9次（最高464.5／10万），2000年后发病率均超过90／10万，疫情呈快速上升趋势，且间隔一二年出现高强度的流行；流行季节集中出现在4-8月之间；城区附近乡镇发病高于偏远乡镇；女性发病高于男性；发病职业以农民和学生为主（近80％）；发病以10-50岁年龄组为主（70％以上）；病原菌以伤寒沙门菌为主，发病危险因素与食用生冷食物和喝生水有关。结论澄江县2000年后属于伤寒高流行区，流行因素主要与该地居民饮食和喝生水习惯有关，加强传染源的管理及饮食行为干预和生冷食物的监测，是控制当前澄江县伤寒高发的主要措施。     

HIV Disease Burden and Related Risk Behaviours Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China: 2010−2011

The HIV epidemic is rapidly increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Data on the disease burden and risk behaviours of MSM related to HIV transmission are needed to inform education and prevention programs. We conducted two cross-sectional surveys among MSM in Yuxi Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China, during 2010–2011. Men were recruited by snowball (participant referrals) and nomination sampling methods at gay-oriented venues and hotspots. Participants were asked to complete a 20-min anonymous questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine HIV status and the BED capture enzyme immunoassay was used to estimate the incidence rate. A total of 288 MSM participated in this study across the two surveys. The two-year overall HIV prevalence was 10.7 % and the estimated incidence rate was 5.4 per 100 person-years (95 % CI 1.1–9.6). A reported 37.2 % of MSM were married to a female and 35.1 % had sex with a female in the past 6 months. Condom use with male partners (81.4–93.0 %) and female partners (56.3–77.4 %) at the last penetrative act significantly increased between the survey conducted in 2010 and the survey in 2011. HIV prevalence is high among Chinese MSM in Yunnan. Common bisexual behaviours and low consistent condom use with female partners suggest a potential spread of HIV from MSM to females.     

High temperature effect on daily all-cause mortality in Tunis 2005–2007

BackgroundThe relationship between thermal stress and health has been only marginally investigated in North Africa. This study aimed to estimate the short-term effect of heat on total mortality, in the city of Tunis in 2005–2007, using time series analysis.MethodsThe study period was restricted to the summer season (May–October) and heat effect was assessed using maximum temperature as exposure variable. We estimated the breakpoint above which heat-related mortality begins to increase using a segmented linear regression. A Poisson Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model was then used to estimate the impact of heat on daily mortality. Models were adjusted for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), trend, calendar month, day of the week, the Ramadan period, and holidays.ResultsThe estimated breakpoint was 31.5 °C (standard deviation: 0.9 °C). After adjustment for potential confounders, the daily mortality increased significantly by 2.00% [95% confidence interval: 0.68–3.16] for a 1 °C increase in daily maximum temperature above the breakpoint. An increase of 10 mg/m³ in NO₂ was associated with a significant increase in daily mortality (0.48% [0.08–0.88]).ConclusionThere is an important effect of heat on daily mortality in the city of Tunis. This is the first evaluation of such an association in a North African city with hot and dry summers and a lower middle economy.