Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided low-pressure perfusion mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children aged 1–7 years: a retrospective observational study

International Urology and Nephrology - This article analyzed the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) with low-pressure perfusion for the treatment of...     

Ankle arthrodesis using the Taylor Spatial Frame for the treatment of infection,extruded talus and complex pilon fractures

IntroductionThe treatment of complex pilon fractures and talus fracture-dislocations present several challenges, like avoiding infection, achieving union, management of bone loss and function preservation.MethodsRetrospective cohort review of fourteen patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis (AA) using the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) after pilon and talus fracture-dislocations. Ten tibiocalcaneal (TC) and four tibiotalar (TT) fusions were performed. Eleven of these cases were Gustilo III open fractures. Seven cases involved an open extruded talus. Four cases had established infections. There was a mean of 2.7 (range 0 – 8) operations prior to AA using TSF. The primary objective was to determine infection and union rates. Patient-reported outcomes (Short Form 36, SF-36) and functional outcomes (Ankle Osteoarthritis Score, AOS) were the secondary measures.ResultsEradication and prevention of deep infection was achieved in all cases. Radiological union was achieved at a mean of 9 months (range 5 – 17). Solid AA was achieved in 12 of 14 cases using the TSF. Two TC fusions required a hindfoot fusion nail to achieve union. Eleven cases had concurrent bone transport, mean of 63 mm (range 33 - 180). Mean time of TSF treatment was 11.1 months (range 6 - 16). One case required delayed amputation. Eight patients were able to fully weight bear unaided after the treatment. Mean SF-36 was 65 (range 35 -100). Mean AOS was 36.5 (range 6.6 – 77.5) with 69.3% of scores graded good to excellent. Mean total number of operations was 5.9 (range 2 – 10). Minimum follow up time was 12 months (range 12 - 56).ConclusionAA using TSF can be considered for complex pilon fractures and extruded talus. It has shown to be effective in achieving a solid fusion and infection eradication. While using the TSF in isolation, non-union must be suspected in TC fusions, absence of radiological signs of healing, massive bone loss, and possibly not using bone graft. Patients must be aware that while treatment of these injuries will be prolonged and carries the risk of many potential complications, it provides a good alternative to amputation.     

硬尖神香草的化学成分研究

目的 研究硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus地上干燥部分的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱技术等进行分离纯化,通过现代波谱学技术对所得化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用MTT比色法对分离得到的化合物进行体外抑制人胃癌HGC-27细胞的活性筛选。结果 从神香草95%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为4S-(2-羟基异丙基)-环己烷-2-烯-1-酮（1）、(3R,4aR,5R,6R)-6-羟基-4a,5-二甲基-3-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-3,4,4a,5,6,7-六氢萘-1(2H)-酮（2）、对茴香酸（3）、三裂鼠尾草素（4）、5-羟基-6,7,3'',4''-四甲氧基黄酮（5）、蓟黄素（6）、E-p-香豆醇乙醚（7）、(E)-p-香豆醇γ-O-甲醚（8）、4-羟基-3-甲氧基乙基肉桂酸盐（9）。其中,化合物1为新化合物,命名为神香草酮A。对化合物1～9进行抗肿瘤活性筛选,结果显示,化合物1、3、8对HGC-27胃癌细胞具有一定的抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration,IC₅₀）值分别为8.76、16.34、25.28 μmol/L。结论 化合物1为新化合物,化合物5～9为首次从该属植物中分到。     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

肾康注射液联合穴位敷贴治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效及作用机制

目的:探讨肾康注射液联合穴位敷贴治疗慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)的临床疗效及作用机制。方法:选取150例CRF患者,依据随机数字表法分为两组,各75例。对照组予肾康注射液治疗,治疗组予肾康注射液联合穴位敷贴治疗。比较两组总有效率、治疗前后症状体征积分、肾功能、氧化应激和肾纤维化指标。结果:治疗组总有效率92.00%高于对照组的74.67%(P<0.05)。治疗后两组症状体征有所缓解,且治疗组恶心呕吐、腰膝酸软、倦怠乏力、脘腹胀满、口渴不饮、食欲欠佳积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)、活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制蛋白C(Cys-C)均较治疗前降低,内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)较治疗前升高,且治疗组上述指标优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组总不良反应发生率为6.67%,与对照组的14.67%比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肾康注射液联合穴位敷贴治疗CRF疗效显著,可明显缓解患...     

超声骨刀与高速磨钻应用于颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的 :通过Meta分析评价应用超声骨刀(ultrasonic bone curette,UBC)与高速磨钻(high-speed drill,HSD)在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术(cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty,CEOL)中的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、万方数据库(Wanfang Data)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),搜集关于比较应用超声骨刀和高速磨钻在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中有效性及安全性的临床对照研究,检索时限为建库至2021年3月。2名研究人员分别筛选文献、提取数据并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Cochrane Library提供的Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入8个临床研究,包括4个随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)和4个队列研究(cohort study,CS),共计631例患者,其中超声骨刀组314例,高速磨钻组317例。Meta分析结果显示,两组间术前、术后早期及末次随访时JOA评分、VAS评分、手术相关总并发症发生率、术后轴性症状和C5神经根麻痹发生率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。然而,与高速磨钻组相比,超声骨刀组手术时间[均数差(mean difference,MD)=-24.78,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)为(-36.80,-12.76),P0.0001]、术中出血量[MD=-69.94,95%CI为(-115.40,-24.47),P=0.003]、术后引流量[MD=-53.21,95%CI为(-86.95,-19.46),P=0.002]、硬脊膜撕裂发生率[优势比(odds ratio,OR)=0.30,95%CI为(0.09,0.95),P=0.04]和脑脊液漏发生率[OR=0.30,95%CI为(0.09,0.95),P=0.04]均明显低于高速磨钻组。结论:在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用超声骨刀安全有效,可以节约手术时间、减少术中出血量和术后引流量、降低硬脊膜撕裂和脑脊液漏的风险。     

上调lncRNA SNHG12与miR-199a-5p/FZD6轴对肝细胞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮-间质转化的影响

背景与目的：肝细胞癌（HCC）是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤之一,侵袭、转移和术后复发是导致HCC患者死亡的主要原因。目前认为长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的失调可能与各类癌症的发生和转移有关。有研究显示lncRNA SNHG12在HCC组织表达明显上调,但其具体功能尚不清楚。故本研究探讨lncRNA SNHG12在HCC细胞中的作用及机制。 方法：用qRT-PCR检测SNHG12以及预测到的靶miRNA及靶基因（miR-199a-5p与FZD6）在HCC细胞HepG2细胞与人肝内胆管上皮细胞HIBEC中的基因表达量,观察下调SNHG12对HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮-间质转化（EMT）相关蛋白表达的影响;采用miRanda和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析SNHG12和miR-199a-5p之间的关系,分析下调miR-199a-5p对HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭和EMT的影响,以及SNHG12对miR-199a-5p作用的影响;TargetScan和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析miR-199a-5p和FZD6的关系;检测过表达及下调FZD6对HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭和EMT的影响,以及SNHG12和miR-199a-5p对FZD6表达的影响。 结果：与HIBEC细胞比较,HepG2细胞中SNHG12表达量明显升高、miR-199a-5p表达量明显降低、FZD6表达量明显升高（均P<0.01）。下调SNHG12表达,HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭和EMT被明显抑制,过表达SNHG12作用则相反（均P<0.05）。SNHG12与miR-199a-5p特异性结合,下调miR-199a-5p促进HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭与EMT,过表达miR-199a-5p则起到抑制作用（均P<0.05）。过表达miR-199a-5p对HepG2细胞的作用,能部分被同时过表达SNHG12所逆转（均P<0.05）。miR-199a-5p靶向FZD6,下调FZD6后HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭与EMT明显抑制,过表达FZD6则相反（均P<0.05)。下调SNHG12抑制FZD6的基因和蛋白表达,而下调miR-199a-5p则促进FZD6的表达（均P<0.01）;与单独下调miR-199a-5p比较,同时下调SNHG12和miR-199a-5p,FZD6的表达被抑制（P<0.01）。 结论：HCC细胞中lncRNA SNHG12的上调可能通过影响miR-199a-5p/FZD6轴促进HCC细胞的增殖、侵袭和EMT过程。     

Clinical Characteristics and Controllable Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men with Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and controllable risk factors of osteoporosis in elderly men with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 250 elderly OP patients with T2DM were included in the present study. Patients with one or more common chronic diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic nephrosis, and cirrhosis), and a course of more than 3 years were defined as complicated with chronic diseases. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, fasting insulin, liver function, and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were measured. Bone mineral density was also measured.ResultsA total of 16 patients (6.4%) had severe osteoporosis. Furthermore, 66 patients (26.4%) had blood glucose control that reached the standard, while 176 patients (70.4%) used more than two anti‐diabetic drugs. The serum testosterone level was lower than the median in 87 patients (34.8%) and in 56 smokers (22.4%). Furthermore, 138 patients (55.2%) were overweight and obese, six patients (2.4%) were underweight, 197 patients (78.8%) had chronic diseases, 88 patients (35.2%) were sticking to exercise, and 117 patients (46.8%) had less exercise. In addition, 92 patients (36.8%) were treated with osteotrophy‐protective agents, and 24 patients (9.6%) received anti‐osteoporosis therapy. Smoking, poor glycemic control, low testosterone levels, less exercise, and complications with chronic diseases were the most relevant controllable risk factors.ConclusionFor elderly male osteoporosis patients with type‐2 diabetes, smoking cessation, blood sugar control up to the standard, regular exercise, active prevention and treatment of complications, and appropriate testosterone supplementation are necessary for preventing and curing osteoporosis.     

匹配在观察性研究中的作用——有向无环图视角

匹配是观察性研究中选择研究对象的一种常用方法,具有控制混杂因素、提高统计效率等作用,但其控制混杂因素的作用在不同观察性研究中并不一致,匹配在队列研究中能够消除匹配变量的混杂偏倚,但在病例对照研究中匹配本身并不能消除混杂偏倚。在匹配性病例对照研究选择匹配变量时,研究者可能并不能准确判断该变量是否为混杂变量,若误将真实情况为非混杂因素的变量进行匹配,则会形成过度匹配,造成统计效率下降或引入难以避免的偏倚或增加工作量等;若将真实情况为混杂因素的变量遗漏不予匹配,则会造成混杂偏倚。有向无环图是一种直观的展示不同流行病学研究设计、变量间复杂因果关系的可视化图形语言。本文从有向无环图视角分析匹配在不同观察性研究设计中的作用、匹配性病例对照研究中欲匹配变量的选择标准制定,为今后流行病学研究设计提供一定的参考建议。     

男男性行为人群肛门人乳头瘤病毒16型和18型新发感染和自然清除的队列研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市MSM肛门HPV16型和18型的感染和自然清除情况。方法 采用动态队列研究的方法,按照队列研究样本量计算公式以HPV16型新发感染率估计样本量为712人。依托乌鲁木齐市MSM社会组织用滚雪球方式招募MSM 810名,每6个月随访1次。采集肛门脱落细胞分析HPV16型和18型感染率,利用Poission回归估计新发感染密度和持续感染密度,采用Cox比例风险模型探寻新发感染、持续感染和感染自然清除的影响因素。结果 招募MSM 810名,将随访次数≥2次的482名MSM纳入分析,随访994.7人年,随访次数和随访时间的M（P₂₅,P₇₅）分别为4（3,5）次和2.2（1.8,2.6）年。HPV16型和18型的基线感染率分别为8.5%（41/482）和3.3%（16/482）,两型基线混合感染率为0.6%（3/482）。HPV16型和18型的首次新发感染密度分别为10.06（95%CI：8.12~12.45）/100人年和5.24（95%CI：3.95~6.96）/100人年;HPV16型和18型感染自然清除率分别为71.2%（89/125）和71.8%（46/64）,HPV18型随访1.5年的感染自然清除率高于HPV16型（97.7%比94.1%）。HPV16型和18型的持续感染率分别为4.5%（20/441）和1.7%（8/466）。无婚史者比有婚史者的HPV16型持续感染风险低（aHR=0.29,95%CI：0.12~0.71）。最近6个月肛交未使用安全套者HPV18型自然清除率是使用安全套者2.63倍（95%CI：1.08~6.42）。结论 乌鲁木齐市MSM HPV16和18型新发感染较常见,自然清除率均较高。相比于HPV18型,HPV16型有更高的新发感染率和持续感染率,自然清除率低,致病风险较大。