Inhibition of endocan attenuates monocrotaline-induced connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension

Connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Endocan is a novel endothelial dysfunction marker. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endocan in CTD-PAH. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats were used as the CTD-PAH model. Short hairpin RNA packed in a lentiviral vector used to inhibit endocan expression was intratracheally instilled in rats prior to the MCT injection. Endocan was found to be increased in the serum and lung of MCT-induced PAH rats. Short hairpin RNA mediated knockdown of endocan significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated pulmonary remodeling and inflammatory responses in the lung. In the in vitro study, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) exposure caused increased endocan expression in the primary cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMECs). Endocan knockdown inhibited the permeability increase and adhesion molecules secretion in RPMECs induced by TNF-α. In addition, TNF-α induced MAPK activation was blocked when endocan gene was knocked down. These data demonstrate that endocan may play an important role in the development of CTD-PAH. This study provides novel evidence to better understand the pathogenesis of CTD-PAH, which may be beneficial for the treatment of this disease.     

丁基苯酞对慢性脑缺血大鼠海马区NO表达的影响

目的研究丁基苯肽对慢性脑缺血大鼠海马区一氧化氮（NO）表达的影响。方法 80只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、预处理组、处理组。根据硝酸还原酶法和β-NADPH组织化学染色法,又将每个小组分为两个亚组。模型组、预处理组和处理组利用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎术制备动物模型,假手术组不结扎双侧颈总动脉。预处理组在造模前及造模后均给予丁基苯酞,处理组在造模后给予丁基苯酞,假手术组和模型组在造模后给予同等剂量的生理盐水,4组分别在造模后1个月处死大鼠取材。用硝酸还原酶特异性还原NO产物的方法测定大鼠前脑缺血模型中海马NO释放量的异常变化。β-NAD-PH组织化学染色显示一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元,光镜下观察。结果模型组、预处理组及处理组海马区NO、NOS阳性神经元数目与假手术组相比均有明显增加。与模型组相比,预处理组和处理组海马区NO、NOS阳性神经元数目减少。与处理组相比,预处理组海马区NO、NOS阳性神经元数目减少更明显。结论慢性脑缺血缺氧能使大鼠海马区NO含量明显增加,丁基苯肽（NBP）能减轻这种变化。     

Biopsies of pediatric brainstem lesions display low morbidity but strong impact on further treatment decisions

ObjectiveThe course of malignant brain stem gliomas in childhood is rarely positive. Because of limited therapeutic options and potentially hazardous biopsies oncologist often relay on MRI diagnoses only for further therapy decisions. In this study we show that brain stem biopsies display a low morbidity rate and neuropathological assessment has a considerable impact on further treatment decision.MethodsWithin 18-months five children with brainstem symptoms and the radiological diagnosis of a malignant brainstem glioma, were identified. From this time point it was possible to analyze all samples with the 450 K methylome analysis. Other neuropathological techniques included classical histology with immunohistochemistry. Surgery was performed as biopsy, either microsurgical, frame-guided (Leksell), robot-assisted (ROSA) or navigated (BrainLab, two children).ResultsMean age of the children was 7.5 years (range: newborn to 12 years). There was no biopsy-related morbidity or mortality. The mean number of taken samples was 12 (range: 1–25). Histologic diagnosis could be established in all children, however, 450 K methylome diagnosis was positive in only two out of five patients.ConclusionDespite the technically difficult biopsies, all specimens were sufficient for immunohistochemical diagnosis, however, 450 K methylome analysis could only be better established where multiple small samples were taken, instead of few larger ones. Based on the preoperative radiological diagnosis suggesting malignant brainstem glioma, all children would have been treated with combined radiation and temozolomid chemotherapy. Nevertheless, due to the availability of histology and molecular diagnostics, individualized therapy could be performed, preventing in two out of five children from unnecessary radiation and chemotherapy.     

64排CT在创伤性颅脑损伤中的应用研究

目的探讨64排CT在创伤性颅脑外伤中的应用及临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院108例创伤性颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,所有患者均于入院半小时内完成64排CT检查,并针对病情给予相应临床治疗。结果所有患者经64排CT检查后明确诊断,配合相应的临床干预,出院时按格拉斯哥分级标准（GCS）评定预后,治愈86例,中残14例,重残2例,植物生存1例,死亡5例。结论 64排CT在创伤性颅脑损伤的特殊部位颅骨骨折、脑组织损伤及CT图像计分等方面应用,明显降低了漏诊和误诊率,有效指导了临床后续治疗,提高了患者生存质量。     

Efficacy and feasibility of deep brain stimulation for patients with depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Previous meta-analyses have examined the clinical efficacy and acceptability of deep brain stimulation (DBS) compared with sham therapy or paired active therapy. However, the absence of head-to-head clinical trials with some treatment comparisons creates uncertainty for decision makers. Thus, to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in patients with depression based on high-quality randomized controlled studies.Methods:The protocol was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. PubMed/Medline and EMBASE will be searched before May 2021 for all studies, using various combinations of the following free text and key terms: deep brain stimulation; depression; random. No language restrictions will be applied. The method of data extraction will follow the approach outlined by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Review Manager software 5.3 is used for the meta-analysis. The quality of randomized trials will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials.Results:The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria and the review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/Q5B3S.     

TNBS诱导炎症性肠病大鼠结肠神经元tau蛋白磷酸化以及COX-2表达的变化

目的:探讨三硝基苯磺酸(trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)模型大鼠结肠神经元tau蛋白磷酸化和环氧合酶2(COX-2)表达的变化。方法:30只健康雄性成年Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、IBD模型组和TNBS组,每组10只,IBD模型组以TNBS乙醇连续灌肠14 d造模,对照组和TNBS组分别以等量生理盐水和TNBS灌肠;观察大鼠的一般情况和结肠病理组织学改变,用anti-Hu作为神经元标志以免疫荧光法检测结肠黏膜下神经元的数量变化,免疫荧光双染色检测结肠黏膜下神经元COX-2和磷酸化tau231、tau262的表达变化。结果:与对照组比较,IBD模型组大鼠结肠黏膜下神经元数量明显减少(P0.05),神经元tau蛋白磷酸化程度明显升高(P0.05),而TNBS组大鼠神经元数量与对照组相比无显著差别;对照组和TNBS组大鼠结肠黏膜下神经元几乎不表达COX-2,IBD模型组大鼠结肠神经细胞胞核和胞浆中均有COX-2的表达,与对照组和TNBS组相比有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:TNBS乙醇诱导IBD模型大鼠结肠黏膜下神经元减少,可能与tau蛋白高度磷酸化及COX-2表达有关。     

卫生化学实验“理论-实验一体化”教学改革实践

本研究探讨了“理论-实验一体化”特色型教学改革在卫生化学实验教学中的应用效果。通过将理论和实验课程统一打包安排,将理论与实验内容进行模块整合,开展多种形式的教学。实践表明,“理论-实验一体化”教学改革实践对提高卫生化学实验课程的教学质量,培养学生的综合素质方面有重要理论及实践意义。