CD117和神经巢蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的  探讨CD117、神经巢蛋白（Nestin）在三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）组织中的表达及临床意义。方法  收集2010年11月-2012年5月于本院手术治疗的乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织病理切片,随机选取其中50例经免疫组织化学染色ER、PR、HER2均为阴性者,设为实验组。另随机选取普通乳腺癌组织50例,设为对照组。通过免疫组织化学方法研究正常实验组和对照组切片组织中CD117、Nestin的表达情况,分析CD117、Nestin在TNBC中的临床意义。结果  实验组CD117、Nestin表达阳性率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论  在TNBC组织中CD117、Nestin的表达显著上调,与TNBC的发生关系密切。

     

乳腺癌浸润淋巴结αT细胞受体谱型偏移分析

目的应用多重PCR方法扩增TCRα链全长序列,分析乳腺癌浸润淋巴结αT细胞受体谱型偏移。方法选取乳腺癌转移淋巴结,提取RNA后逆转录,多重PCR扩增TCRα链全长序列,构建重组质粒并澳4序,利用网上TCR资源分析序列。结果2例患者各扩增出3个α链序列。乳腺癌TCRα限制性取用AV1、AV12亚家族。CDR3区序列分析增生T细胞克隆具有不同的氨基酸序列。结论乳腺癌浸润淋巴结扩增的TCR家族存在限制性取用,克隆性增生T细胞CDR3序列不同。     

A phase II,single-centre trial of neoadjuvant toripalimab plus chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a challenging malignancy with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic methods. However, recent clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in the treatment of lethal malignancies. The second-line treatment of late-stage ESCC was approved based on the results of KEYNOTE-180, KEYNOTE-181 and ATTRACTION-1, ATTRACTION-3. Combining ICIs with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy may benefit patients with locally advanced, resectable ESCC.MethodsA two-arm phase II trial was launched in July 2019 in Henan Cancer Hospital. The primary outcome measure will be completed within 21 months. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate is the primary endpoint, and the secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), the toxicities of the neoadjuvant toripalimab plus chemotherapy, the relationship between combined positivity score (CPS) of specimen and the treatment response, the relationship between lymphocyte infiltration and the treatment response, the progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and adverse events (AEs). It was assumed that the pCR rate of this trial might be 25%. Therefore, the 30 enrolled patients could reject the hypothesis at 75% (α=0.1).DiscussionThe study will determine the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for ESCC and provide enough evidence for phase III clinical trials.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03985670","term_id":"NCT03985670"}}NCT03985670, Registered: October 24, 2019, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0008Z9D&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0002MIY&ts=2&cx=-i71o4q. Registry name: “Teripalimab Plus Chemotherapy in Local Advanced Esophageal Cancer”.     

Positive association of Bx genotype,KIR2L5, KIR2DS5 and full-length KIR2DS4 with the risk of meningioma

BackgroundNK cells as a part of innate immune system, are controlled by a set of activating and inhibitory KIR receptors (aKIR, iKIR) which are implicated in tumor microenvironment immunity through a variety of activating and inhibitory immune signals. KIRs are multi gene family receptors that differ in the number and type of genes among individuals. In the current research we determined the KIRs genes and genotypes impact on predisposition to meningioma development in Iranians.MethodsSequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was performed for genotyping of 16 KIRs in 159 meningioma cases and 362 age and sex matched healthy controls (CNs) at Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research.ResultsComparison of the KIR genotypes frequencies between cases and controls disclosed a highly significant increase in Bx genotype, CxTx subset and Cen AB and Tel AB in meningioma cases and a decrease in AA genotype, C4Tx subset and Cen AA, Tel AA, Tel BB in healthy controls.Among all 16 KIR genes, the carriers of KIR2DL5 and KIR2DS5 constituted a much greater proportion in meningioma than control group. Comparison of carrier frequencies of KIR2DS4 variants between case and controls revealed a higher frequency of KIR2DS4 full length (KIR2DS4fl) in meningioma cases and a lower frequency of KIR2DS4 deleted variant (KIR2DS4del) in controls. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of 2DS5, 2DS4fl, CenAB, TelAB and absence of 2DS4del, CenAA, TelAA, TelBB, magnify the risk of developing meningioma substantially (OR ≈ 23). Altogether, 41 distinct KIR genotypes were characterized in 521 subjects. Among them, some individuals were characterized by seven peculiar genotypes that the linkage disequilibrium between KIR2DS2-KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL5-KIR2DS3-KIR2DS5 has not been detected. The carriers of certain genotypes with presence of as KIR2DL5 and absence of KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5 constituted a much higher proportion in meningioma than control group which increase the risk of meningioma up to 72 times.ConclusionThis case- control study suggests carriers of Bx genotype, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5, 2DS4fl, ≥ 4 iKIR, CxTx subset as well as Cen AB and Tel AB are associated with an increased risk of developing meningioma whereas carrying KIR2DS4del, AA, C4TX genotypes and Cen AA, Tel AA, Tel BB reduce the genetic predisposition for meningioma.     

The spectrum of Lynch syndrome-associated germ-line mutations in Russia

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome (LS), is a common cancer-predisposing syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of germ-line mutations in Russian LS patients. LS-related mismatch repair (MMR) genes were analyzed in 16 patients, who were forwarded to genetic testing due to strong clinical features of LS and had high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in the tumor (n = 14) or unknown MSI status (n = 2). In addition, 672 consecutive colorectal cancer (CRC) cases were screened for family history; 15 patients were younger than 50 years and reported 2 or more instances of LS-related cancers in 1st- or 2nd-degree relatives. Seven of these cases demonstrated MSI-H and therefore were subjected to DNA germ-line testing. Overall, 17/23 (74%) subjects carried LS-associated gene variants (MLH1: 10; MSH2: 4; MSH6: 2; PMS2: 1), with 2 alleles (MLH1 c.677G > T and MSH2 с.1906G > C) detected twice. Testing for recurrent mutations of 30 consecutive MSI-H CRCs led to the identification of 2 additional subjects with LS. The analysis of all relevant publications identified 28 unrelated LS patients presented in Russian medical literature and 3 unrelated Russian LS subjects described in international journals. Overall, 15/49 (31%) genetic defects revealed in Russian LS patients were represented by six recurrent alleles (MLH1: c.350C > T, c.677G > T, c.1852_1854del; MSH2: c.942+3A > T, c.1861C > T, с.1906G > C). We conclude that the founder effect for LS in Russia is seemingly less pronounced than the one for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, however testing for recurrent LS mutations may be considered feasible in some circumstances.