2008-2018年四川省肠炎沙门菌暴发的分子分型比较

  目的  比较四川省肠炎沙门菌暴发菌株的分子分型方法,为暴发溯源提供快速可靠的依据。  方法  采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）、多位点可变数目重复序列分析（MLVA）、规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列（CRISPR）、多位点序列分型（MLST）和基于全基因组测序的单核苷酸多态性（WGS-SNP）对2008 — 2018年四川省肠炎沙门菌暴发分离株进行分型。 以辛普森多样性指数（DI）为指征,比较单一方法及方法联用的分型能力差异。  结果  PFGE、MLVA、CRISPR和MLST单独使用时,其DI值均＜0.9,PFGE_XbaⅠ和MLVA联合使用DI值能提高到0.9以上,WGS-SNP的DI 值最高,可达0.971。  结论  对四川省肠炎沙门菌暴发菌株进行分子分型的最适方法为WGS-SNP,在缺乏基因组分析能力的情况下,推荐使用PFGE_XbaⅠ与MLVA联合的方法。     

吸烟对四川省30岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病风险影响的前瞻性研究

目的 了解四川省≥30岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的发病情况，分析吸烟对COPD发病风险的影响。方法 2004-2008年随机抽取四川省彭州市30~79岁人群进行问卷调查、体格检查和肺功能检测，并进行长期随访，确定COPD发病情况。运用Cox比例风险回归模型分析吸烟与COPD的关系。结果 共纳入46 540名研究对象，男性当前吸烟占比为67.31%，女性为8.67%，有3 101名新发COPD，累积发病率为6.66%。控制年龄、性别、职业、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、文化程度、BMI、日均总体力活动水平、当前做饭频率、当前有无排烟装置、被动吸烟暴露频率等因素后，多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示，与从不吸烟人群相比，当前吸烟、戒烟增加COPD的发病风险，HR值分别为1.42（95%CI：1.29~1.57）和1.34（95%CI：1.16~1.53）。与从不或偶尔吸烟人群相比，日均吸烟量越大，COPD发病风险越高；当前吸烟类型为混吸、开始吸烟类型为混吸增加COPD的发病风险，HR值分别为1.79（95%CI：1.42~2.25）和2.12（95%CI：1.53~2.92）；开始吸烟年龄<18、≥18岁增加COPD的发病风险，HR值分别为1.61（95%CI：1.43~1.82）和1.34（95%CI：1.22~1.48）；吸烟时吸入口腔后即吐出、吸到咽喉部和深吸到肺部增加COPD的发病风险，HR值分别为1.30（95%CI：1.16~1.45）、1.63（95%CI：1.45~1.83）和1.37（95%CI：1.21~1.55）。控制多个混杂因素，校正回归稀释偏倚后，日均吸烟量、开始吸烟年龄和烟吸入部位对COPD发病均有影响，性别差异尤为突出。结论 吸烟增加COPD的发病风险，这种影响与吸烟量、吸烟类型、开始吸烟年龄和烟吸入部位等存在一定关系，控烟应综合考虑吸烟的具体特征，从而预防COPD的发生。     

Pedigree likelihood formulae based on founder and founder couple symmetry and validation of DNA testing software

Pedigree likelihood ratios are widely used in forensic genetics. Linkage of genetic markers affects the pedigree likelihood ratio. In this study, a series of novel formulae was established based on simplification due to founder and founder couple symmetry of the Lander-Green algorithm for dealing with linkage. These new formulae are based on the inheritance vectors and differ from existing formulae that are based on the number of alleles shared identical-by-descent. In contrast to previous formulae, the formulae of this study expand the calculation to more general relationships, which enables specifying the number of typed individuals in pedigrees, and the new formulae are no longer limited to calculation of pairs of linked markers. Alternatively, pedigree likelihood values incorporating multiple linked markers could be obtained by iterating the vector transition probability between pairs of linkage markers and the probability of genotypes of typed individuals given inheritance vectors; the vector transition probability formulae are provided in a table form. To demonstrate utilization of the proposed formulae system, a series of cases were designed based on the relationships to validate GeneVisa software (www.genevisa.net) with frequency data of three linked markers, SE33-D6S1043-D6S474, on chromosome 6. The calculation results were verified with the FamLink software. The results demonstrated that the proposed formulae can correctly obtain the pedigree likelihood ratio, demonstrating the application potential of these formulae to verify effectiveness of DNA testing software.     

Efficacy and safety of sirolimus early conversion protocol in liver transplant patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-arm,multicenter, prospective study

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor as an attractive drug target with promising antitumor effects has been widely investigated. High quality clinical trial has been conducted in liver transplant (LT) recipients in Western countries. However, the pertinent studies in Eastern world are paucity. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to test whether sirolimus can improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients beyond the Milan criteria after LT. This is an open-labeled, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, and real-world study aiming to evaluate the clinical outcomes of early switch to sirolimus-based regimens in HCC patients after LT. Patients with a histologically proven HCC and beyond the Milan criteria will be enrolled. The initial immunosuppressant regimens are center-specific for the first 4-6 weeks. The following regimens integrated sirolimus into the regimens as a combination therapy with reduced calcineurin inhibitors based on the condition of patients and centers. The study is planned for 4 years in total with a 2-year enrollment period and a 2-year follow-up. We predict that sirolimus conversion regimen will provide survival benefits for patients particular in the key indicator RFS as well as better quality of life. If the trial is conducted successfully, we will have a continued monitoring over a longer follow-up time to estimate indicator of overall survival. We hope that the outcome will provide better evidence for clinical decision-making and revising treatment guidelines based on Chinese population data.Trial register: Trial registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR2100042869.     

Integrating the person-centered approach with the study of vaccine hesitancy: Applying latent profile analysis to identify vaccine hesitancy subpopulations and assess their relations with correlates and vaccination outcomes

In scholarly and popular discussions of vaccine hesitancy, authors have repeatedly referred to different “types” of vaccine hesitant individuals; however, almost all modern research on vaccine hesitancy utilizes variable-centered approaches to identify the relation of variables rather than a person-centered approach to identify subpopulations, which suggests that a discrepancy exists between conceptual discussions and empirical research on vaccine hesitancy. For this reason, the current article conducts a latent profile analysis (LPA) on the dimensions of a well-supported vaccine hesitancy measure, which assess hesitancy towards vaccines in general. We also assess the relations of the resultant profiles (e.g., subpopulations) with relevant self-reported outcomes and correlates, wherein most of our outcomes are associated with COVID-19 and flu vaccines. Our LPA results support the existence of eight vaccine hesitancy profiles. The profile with the most unfavorable vaccination outcomes (e.g., willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth) was associated with greater perceptions that vaccines cause health risks and unneeded when healthy; the profile with the most favorable vaccination outcomes was associated with low levels of all vaccine hesitancy dimensions. The other profiles produced a clear gradient between these two extremes. The profiles also differed regarding their standing on correlates, but the clearest difference was their relation with political orientation. Profiles with more unfavorable vaccination outcomes were associated with conservatism, whereas profiles with more favorable vaccinations outcomes were associated with liberalism. These results provide a new perspective for current understandings of vaccine hesitancy and open several avenues for future research.     

Adiposity,hepatic steatosis,and metabolic health transitions in people with obesity: Influences of age and sex

Background and aimsMetabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obesity (MUO) may be transient conditions. This study aimed to quantify and identify predictive factors of metabolic transitions in obesity, exploring influences of age and sex.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively evaluated adults with obesity who underwent routine health evaluation. In a cross-sectional analysis of 12,118 individuals (80% male, age 44.3 ± 9.9 years), 16.8% had MHO. In a longitudinal evaluation of 4483 participants, 45.2% of individuals with MHO at baseline had dysmetabolism after a median follow-up of 3.0 (IQR 1.8–5.2) years, whereas 13.3% MUO participants became metabolically healthy (MH). Development of hepatic steatosis (HS, ultrasound) was an independent predictor of MHO conversion to dysmetabolism (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.43, 3.91; p < 0.001), while HS persistence was inversely associated with transition from MUO to MH status (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47, 0.83; p = 0.001). Female sex and older age were associated with a lower chance of MUO regression. A 5% increment in body mass index (BMI) over time increased the likelihood of metabolic deterioration by 33% (p = 0.002) in females and 16% (p = 0.018) in males with MHO. A 5% reduction in BMI was associated with a 39% and 66% higher chance of MUO resolution in females and males, respectively (both p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings support a pathophysiological role of ectopic fat depots in metabolic transitions in obesity and identify female sex as an aggravating factor for adiposity-induced dysmetabolism, which has implications for personalized medicine.     

职业性放射性疾病诊断标准在全国部分省市放射工作人员中的实施评估分析

目的对常见职业性放射性疾病诊断标准在放射工作人员中应用情况进行调查, 为卫生标准的修订、宣贯和标准化管理提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法, 在2021年1～5月对国家职业性放射性疾病上报系统信息中有上报病例的1市、7省、1集团的放射工作人员开展对标准的知晓、辐射健康效应和职业性放射性疾病诊断的认知情况及对诊断工作建议的调查并分析。结果 2 839名被调查放射工作人员, 对不同诊断标准的知晓率、知晓标准的途径、复杂诊断标准中内容的知晓率、电离辐射不同效应概念的知晓率、申请职业性放射性疾病诊断所需材料的知晓情况存在差异(χ2=416.06、2 924.14、83.45、895.67、815.94, P<0.001)。对电离辐射确定性效应和随机性效应的正确理解率分别为80.63%和43.64%。对申请职业性放射性疾病诊断需要提供资料中职业病危害因素接触史、职业健康监护档案、个人剂量监测等资料认可率较高, 分别为96.79%、94.72%、93.55%。参加过上岗前相关知识培训率80.20%, 在岗期间培训率81.19%, 未参加过任何培训3.77%。对职业性放射性疾病诊断工作建议较...