Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population

Background and aimsHyperuricemia is widely thought as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality; however, the relation of serum uric acid (sUA) and subclinical myocardial injury (SCeMI) remains unclear. We hypothesize that sUA is associated with subclinical myocardial injury.Methods and resultsA total of 5880 adult individuals (57.9 ± 13.0 years, 54.23% women) without known cardiovascular disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III were included. Determined by Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) from 12-lead electrocardiogram, SCeMI was defined by CIIS ≥10 units. The relationship between sUA and SCeMI was analyzed by using logistic regression models and the smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear relationship between sUA level and SCeMI. When sUA was above the inflection point 266.5 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 15%. In women group, when sUA>340.3 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 71%, but no significant correlation was observed in men group.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that sUA is an independent risk factor for subclinical myocardial injury after adjusting for potential confounding variables, and existence of such an association in women only, which require more random control trials to confirm the strategy of cardiovascular disease prevention based on sUA reduction in female.     

Relation of genetic polymorphisms in microRNAs with diastolic and systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and aimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has high risk of developing cardiac dysfunction, increasing of either cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) affect cardiac function of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between five miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and diastolic and systolic function of T2DM.Methods and resultsThree hundred untreated T2DM subjects were included. Each subject underwent SNP genotyping, conventional echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging, and speckle tracking imaging. The effects of miRNA SNPs on diastolic and systolic function were evaluated. The diastolic function of T2DM subjects with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 wild genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 variant genotype was lower than those with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 variant genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 wild genotype, manifesting as higher left atrial volume index, lower mean E′, and higher E/E’ (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of miR-133a-2-rs13040413, let-7a-1-rs13293512 and miR-27a-rs895819 on the diastolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05). These five miRNA SNPs had no effect on the systolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMiRNA-133a-1-rs8089787 and let-7f-rs10877887 were associated with impaired cardiac diastolic function in T2DM. The findings may be a promising therapeutic targets for preventing diastolic dysfunction in T2DM.     

High leptin status indicates an increased risk of mortality and heart failure in stable coronary artery disease

Background and aimsLeptin is an adipocyte-derived peptide involved in energy homeostasis and body weight regulation. The position of leptin in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains controversial. Some studies suggest a detrimental effect of hyperleptinemia on the cardiovascular (CV) system, while others assume the role of leptin as a neutral or even protective factor. We have explored whether high leptin affects the mortality and morbidity risk in patients with stable coronary heart disease.Methods and resultsWe followed 975 patients ≥6 months after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization in a prospective study. All-cause or cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiovascular events (recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or any revascularization), and hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) we used as outcomes.High serum leptin concentrations (≥18.9 ng/mL, i.e., 4th quartile) were associated with worse survival, as well as with a higher incidence of fatal vascular events or hospitalizations for HF. Even after full adjustment for potential covariates, high leptin remained to be associated with a significantly increased 5-years risk of all-cause death [Hazard risk ratio (HRR) 2.10 (95%CIs:1.29–3.42), p < 0.003], CV death [HRR 2.65 (95%CIs:1.48–4.74), p < 0.001], and HF hospitalization [HRR 1.95 (95% CIs:1.11–3.44), p < 0.020]. In contrast, the incidence risk of non-fatal CV events was only marginally and non-significantly influenced [HRR 1.27 (95%CIs:0.76–2.13), p = 0.359].ConclusionsHigh leptin concentration entails an increased risk of mortality, apparently driven by fatal CV events and future worsening of HF, on top of conventional CV risk factors and the baseline status of left ventricular function.     

上海市徐汇区和长宁区老年2型糖尿病患者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染筛查情况及影响因素分析

目的: 分析上海市老年2型糖尿病患者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)筛查情况及其影响因素。方法: 顺序纳入2019年9—12月在上海市徐汇区和长宁区参加公共卫生服务项目体格检查且符合入组标准的60岁及以上老年2型糖尿病患者,共计885例(长宁区430例,徐汇区455例),采用γ-干扰素释放试验检测其LTBI状况。采用调查问卷收集研究对象社会人口学信息、行为生活方式、既往糖尿病和其他慢性病病史及肺结核患者接触史,以及体格检查情况等信息。采用非条件二分类logistic回归分析的方法分析老年糖尿病患者发生LTBI的影响因素。结果: 885例研究对象检出LTBI阳性者130例,阳性率为14.7%;其中,长宁区研究对象LTBI阳性率(17.4%,75/430)高于徐汇区研究对象(12.1%,55/455),差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.057,P=0.025);吸烟者LTBI阳性率(22.5%,20/89)明显高于不吸烟者(13.8%,110/796),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.783,P=0.039)。logistic回归分析显示,吸烟是老年糖尿病患者发生LTBI的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.891(1.031~3.468)]。结论: 上海市老年2型糖尿病患者LTBI阳性率处于较低水平,可对检测阳性患者采取增加随访频次及加强健康教育等措施,并对有吸烟史的老年糖尿病患者开展LTBI筛查。     

2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空分析

目的　分析2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布时空特征,为全省钉螺精准防控提供参考。方法　收集2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积、新发钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积等钉螺分布指标并进行描述性分析,对实有和新发钉螺面积进行空间自相关、热点分析、标准差椭圆分析及时空扫描等分析,探索安徽省钉螺聚集与扩散高风险区。结果　2011—2020年,安徽省实有钉螺面积逐渐降低。2020年全省实有钉螺面积26 238.85 hm2,主要分布在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区。各年份间新发钉螺面积波动较大,2016年最高（1 287.65 hm2）;2020年在池州市贵池区新发现1.96 hm2感染性钉螺面积。空间自相关和热点分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布具有空间聚集性（Z = 3.00 ~ 3.43,P均 < 0.01）,热点主要集中在湖沼型流行区并沿长江南岸分布;冷点主要集中在皖南山区。2011—2020年安徽省新发钉螺面积分布在整体上不存在空间聚集性（Z = -2.20 ~ 1.71,P均> 0.05）,局部呈散点分布。标准差椭圆分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积分布相对稳定,与长江流向一致;新发钉螺面积分布重心逐渐从长江安徽段下游向上游移动。时空扫描分析显示,2011—2020年安徽省实有钉螺面积两个高值聚集区以从长江安徽段下游到中游的顺序出现;新发钉螺面积两个高值聚集区聚集时间和范围类似,均分布在山区。结论　2011—2020年安徽省钉螺分布呈空间聚集性,存在向长江南岸、上游聚集的趋势,但山区钉螺扩散问题亦不容忽视,需加强对山区和长江沿岸新发钉螺孳生地的监测力度。     

上海市中心城区某幼儿园一例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况分析

目的 分析上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况,为完善托幼机构结核病防控提供依据。方法 分别于2019年2月15日和2019年3月14日对2019年1月14日确诊的上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核教职工的128名密切接触者进行流行病学筛查,包括肺结核疑似症状筛查、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测[γ干扰素释放试验(interferon-γ releaseassays,IGRA)]、胸部X线摄片或CT检查,以及痰涂片和痰培养;并对不同特征密切接触者(性别、卡介苗接种情况、有无疑似肺结核症状、近期呼吸系统疾病就诊史、暴露等级)的潜伏感染情况进行分析。结果 128名密切接触者中,幼儿107名(83.59%),教职工21名(16.41%)。疑似肺结核症状阳性率为5.47%(7/128),其中幼儿为5.61%(6/107),教职工为4.76%(1/21)。两次筛查中,共125名密接者(3名幼儿拒绝检测)进行了IGRA检测,阳性者11例(8.80%),包括幼儿4例(3.20%),教职工7例(5.60%)。肺结核的检出率为0.78%(1/128),总潜伏感染率为8.06%(10/124;排除1例确诊和3名未进行IGRA检测的幼儿),其中幼儿的潜伏感染率[2.91%(3/103)]明显低于教职工[33.33%(7/21)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.773,P=0.000)。7例潜伏感染教职工进行了3、6、12个月末的胸片随访,3例潜伏感染幼儿进行了3个月的预防性抗结核药品干预治疗;经1年随访观察均无续发结核病患者。单因素分析显示,接种卡介苗者的潜伏感染率[5.13%(6/117)]与未接种者(4/7)比较,差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.001);高暴露等级者的潜伏感染率[17.07%(7/41)]明显高于中暴露等级者 [3.61%(3/83)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.012,P=0.025)。结论 应加强托幼机构教职员工健康体检,积极行IGRA检测筛查结核病患者密切接触者,尤其是无卡介苗接种史和高暴露者。对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者行预防性服药或胸片随访对防止续发肺结核有重要意义。     

媒传疾病的疾病负担估算方法研究进展

媒传疾病的疾病负担是指媒传疾病所致患者伤残及早逝对健康寿命、社会经济造成的损失和影响,包括经济负担和个体家庭负担两个方面。伤残调整寿命年是衡量疾病负担的综合指标。疾病经济负担分为直接经济负担、间接经济负担和无形经济负担,直接经济负担的估算方法有微观成本法和宏观成本法,间接经济负担的估算方法包括人力资本法和摩擦成本法,无形经济负担一般用支付意愿法估算。目前卫生经济学评价方法主要是成本-效用分析、成本-效益分析和成本-效果分析法。本文对疟疾等媒传疾病的疾病负担估算方法进行综述,以比较不同方法对指标选择的要求及其应用价值。     

空间流行病学在寄生虫病传播风险研究中的应用

空间流行病学是研究人群疾病的空间分布及影响因素的一门科学,包括疾病制图、聚集性分析和相关因素分析。随着现代空间技术的发展,空间流行病学已广泛应用于寄生虫疾病研究中的可视化分析、热点分析和危险因素的识别与传播风险的预测等领域。本文对我国重点寄生虫病传播风险研究中应用的空间分布格局、空间插值和空间模型算法等方面进行了阐述。     

环境因子对我国卵形硬蜱适生区分布的影响研究

［摘要］　目的　探索影响卵形硬蜱适生区分布的环境因子及未来环境变化对卵形硬蜱适生区分布的影响。方法　通过文献检索获取我国已知卵形硬蜱分布点数据,结合环境因子数据,运用最大熵模型对卵形硬蜱适生区分布进行模拟,并根据2050、2070年环境数据对卵形硬蜱适生区分布变化进行预测。结果　目前我国卵形硬蜱适生区面积为311.0万km2,占国土面积的32.28%,主要集中在西南、西北地区;在筛选出的16个环境因子中,温度季节性变化标准差、年均降水量、海拔为影响卵形硬蜱适生区分布的主导环境因子,累计贡献率为76.5%;2050、2070年我国卵形硬蜱适生区分布呈向西北、东北扩大趋势,且高适生区占比增加。结论　温和的气候、充足的降水及较高的海拔适宜卵形硬蜱生存,未来气候改变可能引起我国卵形硬蜱适生区分布范围扩大。     

2例输入性非洲锥虫病的随访预后研究

目的　对2例罕见的输入性非洲锥虫病（human african trypanosomiasis,HAT）病例治疗后进行随访研究,评判治疗效果,从而为输入性锥虫病临床治疗提供参考依据。方法　1例输入性罗德西锥虫病病例在治疗完成后第1、3、11、25个月以及1例输入性冈比亚锥虫病病例在治疗完成后第1、3、8、12个月,分别检测患者脑脊液中白细胞计数及脑脊液和血液中锥鞭毛体,比较治疗时、治疗后生理生化指标变化,根据其检测结果进行治疗效果和预后评判。结果　罗德西亚锥虫病病例在治疗后第1、3、11、25个月,脑脊液中白细胞计数分别为1、1、4、2个/μL;冈比亚锥虫病病例在治疗后第1、3、8、12个月,脑脊液中白细胞计数分别为3、6、4、3个/μL。2例病例在随访中均未在脑脊液和血液中查见锥鞭毛体。结论　经过规范治疗,2例输入性锥虫病病例恢复良好,没有复发迹象。