Vaspin对巨噬细胞THP-1向泡沫细胞转变的抑制作用

目的 腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, vaspin)是新发现的脂肪因子,对代谢性疾病具有改善作用。该研究旨在研究vaspin对体外培养的THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响。方法 100nM佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞48h后分为对照组,氧化低密度脂蛋白组(ox-LDL浓度50μg/ml,48h),vaspin干预组(vaspin终浓度100ng/ml,预孵24h);采用油红0染色法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响;Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞中酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶-1(acy1-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltrasferase-1,ACAT-1)、ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP binding casstte transporterA1,ABCA1)及细胞清道夫受体-A1(scavenger receptor-A1, SR-A1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+vaspin组巨噬细胞泡沫化程度明显下降(P＜0.05);ox-LDL+vaspin组ACAT-1和SR-A1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05),而ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论 vaspin能够抑制巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, As)的作用。     

下颌前牙根管变异的锥形束CT研究

目的 运用锥形束CT(CBCT)研究下颌前牙的根管变异情况。方法收集250例患者的1352颗下颌前牙的CBCT资料,运用配套软件对牙齿的冠状面、矢状面以及横断面进行影像学分析,统计和分析牙根数目、根管数目、根管类型、对称性分布等。结果 下颌切牙均为单根,下颌尖牙双根发生率为1.45%。下颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙双根管发生率分别为17.34%、34.08%、9.05%。双根管的发生呈对称性分布,一侧出现双根管时,对侧同名牙也为双根管的概率下颌侧切牙最高,为77.78%,中切牙次之,为72.97%,尖牙为64.00%。按照Vertucci根管分型,共观察到除Ⅳ型和Ⅷ型外的6种根管类型,其中以Ⅰ型为主,为80.00%,其次为Ⅲ型,为16.51%。结论下颌前牙根管系统复杂多变,其中下颌侧切牙双根管发生率最高,双根管以Vertucci Ⅲ型为主,锥形束CT是诊断下颌前牙根管变异的有效手段。     

Preparation of porous calcium phosphate microspheres with phosphate-containing molecules at room temperature for drug delivery and osteogenic differentiation

Calcium phosphate (CaP) has similar chemical properties to those of the inorganic component of human bone tissue, for potential application in drug delivery for the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. In this work, CaP with a porous microsphere structure has been synthesized using fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) as the phosphorus source by a simple wet-chemical strategy at room temperature. The CaP porous microspheres, as an organic–inorganic hybrid nano-platform, exhibit good doxorubicin (Dox) loading capacity, and Dox-loading CaP, enhancing the in vitro chemotherapy of osteosarcoma cells. The CaP porous microspheres show high biocompatibility, and induce the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that the CaP porous microspheres reported in this study are promising for application as an anti-osteosarcoma drug carrier and osteoinductive material for bone regeneration in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Porous calcium phosphate microspheres were prepared at room temperature, and displayed potential for application in the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma and osteogenic differentiation.     

The GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Increases Myocardial Glucose Oxidation Rates via Indirect Mechanisms and Mitigates Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) increases risk for cardiovascular disease. Of interest, liraglutide, a therapy for T2D that activates the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor to augment insulin secretion, reduces cardiovascular-related death in people with T2D, though it remains unknown how liraglutide produces these actions. Notably, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is not expressed in ventricular cardiac myocytes, making it likely that ventricular myocardium-independent actions are involved. We hypothesized that augmented insulin secretion may explain how liraglutide indirectly mediates cardioprotection, which thereby increases myocardial glucose oxidation.MethodsC57BL/6J male mice were fed either a low-fat diet (lean) or were subjected to experimental T2D and treated with either saline or liraglutide 3× over a 24-hour period. Mice were subsequently euthanized and had their hearts perfused in the working mode to assess energy metabolism. A separate cohort of mice with T2D were treated with either vehicle control or liraglutide for 2 weeks for the assessment of cardiac function via ultrasound echocardiography.ResultsTreatment of lean mice with liraglutide increased myocardial glucose oxidation without affecting glycolysis. Conversely, direct treatment of the isolated working heart with liraglutide had no effect on glucose oxidation. These findings were recapitulated in mice with T2D and associated with increased circulating insulin levels. Furthermore, liraglutide treatment alleviated diastolic dysfunction in mice with T2D, which was associated with enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of glucose oxidation.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that liraglutide augments myocardial glucose oxidation via indirect mechanisms, which may contribute to how liraglutide improves cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D.     

上海市中心城区某幼儿园一例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况分析

目的 分析上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况,为完善托幼机构结核病防控提供依据。方法 分别于2019年2月15日和2019年3月14日对2019年1月14日确诊的上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核教职工的128名密切接触者进行流行病学筛查,包括肺结核疑似症状筛查、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测[γ干扰素释放试验(interferon-γ releaseassays,IGRA)]、胸部X线摄片或CT检查,以及痰涂片和痰培养;并对不同特征密切接触者(性别、卡介苗接种情况、有无疑似肺结核症状、近期呼吸系统疾病就诊史、暴露等级)的潜伏感染情况进行分析。结果 128名密切接触者中,幼儿107名(83.59%),教职工21名(16.41%)。疑似肺结核症状阳性率为5.47%(7/128),其中幼儿为5.61%(6/107),教职工为4.76%(1/21)。两次筛查中,共125名密接者(3名幼儿拒绝检测)进行了IGRA检测,阳性者11例(8.80%),包括幼儿4例(3.20%),教职工7例(5.60%)。肺结核的检出率为0.78%(1/128),总潜伏感染率为8.06%(10/124;排除1例确诊和3名未进行IGRA检测的幼儿),其中幼儿的潜伏感染率[2.91%(3/103)]明显低于教职工[33.33%(7/21)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.773,P=0.000)。7例潜伏感染教职工进行了3、6、12个月末的胸片随访,3例潜伏感染幼儿进行了3个月的预防性抗结核药品干预治疗;经1年随访观察均无续发结核病患者。单因素分析显示,接种卡介苗者的潜伏感染率[5.13%(6/117)]与未接种者(4/7)比较,差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.001);高暴露等级者的潜伏感染率[17.07%(7/41)]明显高于中暴露等级者 [3.61%(3/83)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.012,P=0.025)。结论 应加强托幼机构教职员工健康体检,积极行IGRA检测筛查结核病患者密切接触者,尤其是无卡介苗接种史和高暴露者。对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者行预防性服药或胸片随访对防止续发肺结核有重要意义。     

人工智能技术赋能超声影像在肝脏疾病的精准诊疗

肝脏疾病是影响人类健康的主要问题之一。超声在肝脏弥漫性和局灶性病变诊疗中发挥着重要作用,但传统超声评估存在主观性强且提供信息有限的问题。人工智能技术因能弥补传统超声的不足而被广泛应用于肝病超声领域,其在肝脏疾病诊断、疗效评估和预后预测等领域的应用取得了显著进展。本文对近年来国内外基于超声影像的人工智能技术在肝脏弥漫性和局灶性病变诊疗中的研究进展进行综述。     

Cafestol preconditioning attenuates apoptosis and autophagy during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ERK/PPARγ pathway

ObjectiveThe study was aimed to explore the hepatocellular protective functions of cafestol during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and the possible mechanisms.MethodsNinety male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups, including normal control group, L-cafestol(20mg/kg) group, H-cafestol(40mg/kg) group, sham group, IR group, L-cafestol(20mg/kg) + IR group, H-cafestol(40mg/kg) + IR group. Serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST), inflammation mediators, proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy, indicators linked with ERK/PPARγ pathway, and liver histopathology were measured using ELISA, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting at 2, 8, and 24 hours after reperfusion.ResultsOur findings confirmed that cafestol preconditioning groups could reduce the levels of ALT and AST, alleviate liver pathological damage, suppress the release of inflammation mediators, inhibit the production of pro-apoptosis protein including caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax, decrease the expression of autophagy-linked protein including Beclin-1 and LC3, increase anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, and restrain the activation of ERK and PPARγ.ConclusionCafestol preconditioning could attenuate inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing ERK/PPARγ pathway.     

自身免疫性肝病的药物治疗研究与进展

自身免疫性肝病(autoimmune liver disease,AILD)主要是指由自身免疫介导的肝脏炎症性病变,传统临床上将其分为三种类型:自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primary biliary cholangitis,PBC)和原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC)。近年来的研究发现,兼具以上任意两种疾病特征的重叠综合征(overlap syndrome,OS)和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)4相关性肝胆疾病亦可归为AILD的范畴。不同类型的肝病其相应的治疗药物方案存在一定差异,大量关于AILD的理论和临床研究工作也取得了新进展。本文就AILD五种类型的药物治疗方案进行综述,为AILD的临床治疗提供建议,以提高患者生活质量。     

The value of asphericity derived from T1-weighted MR in differentiating intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions–comparison of glioblastomas and brain abscesses

Neurological Sciences - Both brain abscess(BA)and glioblastoma (GBM) are common causative pathologies of intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions. Advanced MR sequences such as diffusion weighted...