转移性肾滑膜肉瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨肾脏滑膜肉瘤的临床表现、病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗方法。方法:结合相关文献,回顾性分析1例转移性肾脏滑膜肉瘤患者的资料,女,49岁,因突发右腰腹部剧烈疼痛18h入院。B超及CT检查发现右肾上极囊实性占位,直径约12cm,考虑右肾肿瘤破裂出血,肾动脉栓塞后在全麻下行经腹腔根治性右肾切除术,术中见右肾上极肿物与周围脏器粘连,右肾静脉未见瘤栓,切除整个右肾及肿物。结果:肿物标本大体观:肾门偏上可见一12.8cm×11.2cm囊壁,囊内充满灰白色、鱼肉状组织;光镜下肿瘤由丰富的单向梭形细胞组成,未见上皮分化成份,肿瘤细胞成束状或片状排列,瘤细胞中等大小,较肥胖,细胞界线不清,核呈卵圆形或杆状,可见核仁,有大量核分裂象,伴发大量出血坏死;免疫组化:EMA(+),Vimentin(+),Inhinbin-α(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+);CK、CGA、Nse、Desmin、CD117、CD34均阴性。支持肾脏滑膜肉瘤。结合患者滑膜肉瘤多次手术史及曾通过RT-PCR方法检测出SYT-SSX融合基因mRNA表达,诊断为转移性肾滑膜肉瘤。未行进一步治疗,术后2个月死于癌转移。结论:转移性肾脏滑膜肉瘤极为罕见,高度恶性,预后极差。术前确诊困难,确诊主要依靠既往病史,病理检查,免疫组化染色,必要时可行分子生物学诊断。治疗上首选外科手术,术后需辅助进一步化疗或放疗。     

Epidemiology of vascular access and complications in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the use of vascular access and complication incidence in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Tianjin. Methods Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the third level of first-class hospital in Tianjin were investigated. The investigate method was live interview. Two thousand six hundred and fifty-one cases were available. Basic data, age of dialysis, type of vascular access, age of vascular access and complications were recorded. The differences in clinic data and complications between patients using arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and central venous catheter (CVC) as vascular access were compared. Results There were 2047 (77.22%) patients using AVF as vascular access, 559 (22.59%) patients using tunnel type central venous catheter, and 5 (0.19%) patients using arteriovenous graft (AVG) for maintenance hemodialysis. Most patients used temporary catheter as the first vascular access [2484(93.70%)]. Compared to AVF, CVC had high incidence of thrombosis and infection in the first four years (P=0.003). Conclusions AVF remains the first choice for maintenance hemodialysis. Most patients use AVF as their vascular access. The second preferred choice is CVC. The management of late chronic kidney disease should be enhanced to avoid the high usage of temporary catheter.     

Prognostic value of frontal QRS-T angle in predicting survival after primary percutaneous coronary revascularization/coronary artery bypass grafting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundFrontal QRS-T angle (FQRST) has previously been correlated with mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease, but its role as survival predictor after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unknown.MethodsWe evaluated 267 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion or coronary artery bypass grafting. Data assessed included demographics, clinical presentation, electrocardiograms, medical therapy, and one-year mortality.ResultsOf 267 patients, 187 (70%) were males and most (49.4%) patients were Caucasian. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among patients with the highest (101–180°) FQRST [28% vs. 15%, p = 0.02]. Patients with FQRST 1–50° had higher survival (85.6%) compared with FQRST = 51–100° (72.3%) and FQRST = 101–180° (67.9%), [log rank, p = 0.01]. Adjusting for significant variables identified during univariate analysis, FQRST (OR = 2.04 [95% CI: 1.31–13.50]) remained an independent predictor of one-year mortality. FQRST-based risk score (1–50° = 0 points, 51–100° = 2 points, 101–180° = 5 points) had excellent discriminatory ability for one-year mortality when combined with Mayo Clinic Risk Score (C statistic = 0.875 [95%CI: 0.813–0.937]. A high (>4 points) FQRST risk score was associated with greater mortality (32% vs. 19%, p = 0.02) and longer length of stay (6 vs. 2 days, p < 0.001).ConclusionFQRST represents a novel independent predictor of one-year mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion. A high FQRST-based risk score was associated with greater mortality and longer length of stay and, after combining with Mayo Clinic Risk Score, improved discriminatory ability for one-year mortality.     

Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma of the upper moiety in complete right renal duplex: a case report

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) originated from renal pelvis is the common tumor of the urinary system, however, neoplasia of the renal pelvis in duplex kidneys is extremely rare, especially in the complete renal and ureteral duplex cases. We present the first case of renal pelvis UC of the upper moiety in a complete right renal duplex. This male patient has bilateral complete renal and ureteral duplex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of renal pelvis UC in a complete renal duplex system. After this experience we feel that the diagnosis of renal pelvis UC in duplex kidneys is not so easy, and once the diagnosis is determined, the whole renal duplex units and bladder cuff or ectopic orifice should be excised radically.     

外固定支架结合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣转移治疗足跟软组织缺损

目的:探讨外固定支架结合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣转移治疗足跟软组织缺损的疗效。方法:应用组合式外固定支架及Ilizarov外固定支架结合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣转移术修复足跟皮肤缺损16例。术前常规行创面分泌物细菌培养和药敏试验,术中彻底清创,再行腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣转移(皮瓣面积4 cm×6 cm~12 cm×9 cm),最后根据合并伤的不同选择适合的外固定支架固定。结果:所有病例均获得随访,随访时间5~36个月,平均12个月,16例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣质地优良,耐磨,无明显挛缩,负重功能区未发生破溃及感染坏死。踝关节背伸0°~20°,跖屈30°~40°。结论:应用外固定支架结合腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣转移术治疗足跟软组织缺损,有利于皮瓣的成活和肢体功能的改善,能同时治疗足部骨折和矫正马蹄足畸形,可获得满意的临床疗效。     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者血清氧化低密度脂蛋白抗体-IgM水平与冠状动脉病变程度及住院期间预后的相关研究

目的：探讨血清氧化低密度脂蛋白抗体-IgM（ox-LDL-Ab IgM）水平在ST段抬高急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者中与冠状动脉病变程度及近期预后的相关性。方法选取2008年8月至2009年5月诊断明确并行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的STEMI患者95例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为单支病变组、双支病变组及三支病变组,并以Gensini积分评价冠状动脉狭窄程度,分别测定血清ox-LDL-Ab IgM、丙二醛（MDA）、血脂,计算体质量指数（BMI）,统计患者住院期间心血管事件发生情况,分析ox-LDL-Ab IgM水平与冠状动脉病变程度及近期预后的关系。结果 STEMI患者血清ox-LDL-Ab IgM水平随冠状动脉病变支数增加而降低（P＜0.05）,但与Gensini积分无明显相关性（P＞0.05）;ox-LDL-Ab IgM水平与血脂、血糖水平等无明显相关性（P＞0.05）,与MDA水平呈显著负相关（r＝-0.319,P＜0.05）;ox-LDL-Ab IgM水平与患者住院期间心血管事件发生率呈显著负相关（r＝-0.708,P＜0.05）,logistic回归分析显示, ox-LDL-Ab IgM是STEMI患者住院预后的保护因素（OR＝-0.588,P＜0.05）。结论血清ox-LDL-Ab IgM水平可在一定程度上反映STEMI患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度。其可能通过调节机体氧化应激水平,减少LDL氧化修饰生成ox-LDL,从而减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化的面积,可能对STEMI患者近期预后具有保护作用。     

呼出气一氧化氮在支气管哮喘- 慢性阻塞性 肺疾病重叠诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）在哮喘- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠（ACO）诊疗的应用价 值。方法 选取2018 年1 月—2018 年12 月天津医科大学第二医院呼吸内科收治的ACO、哮喘及慢性阻塞 性肺疾病（COPD）患者共171 例作为研究对象。其中,ACO 患者41 例（ACO 组）,哮喘患者44 例（哮喘 组）,COPD 患者86 例（COPD 组）。选取同期该院健康体检者45 例作为对照组。分析4 组临床特征、外周 血指标、FeNO 及肺功能指标[ 第1 秒最大呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1 秒最大呼气量/ 预计 值（FEV1%pred）及第1 秒最大呼气量/ 用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）] 的差异,以及FeNO 与肺功能及外周血指 标的关系。结果 哮喘组年龄低于COPD 组及ACO 组（P <0.05）。ACO 组外周血EOS％、FeNO 水平低于 哮喘组,而高于COPD 组（P <0.05）。ACO 组和哮喘组FeNO 与外周血EOS％水平呈正相关（r s =0.383 和 0.316,P =0.044 和0.037）。COPD 组和ACO 组的FEV1、FVC、FEV1%pred 及FEV1/FVC 低于哮喘组（P <0.05）。 结论 FeNO 和外周血EOS% 对ACO 诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肺功能联合应用有助于ACO 的诊断。     

早发型败血症早产儿脐血培养价值研究

背景　新生儿败血症是导致早产儿死亡的主要原因之一,尤其是早发型败血症（EOS）,因此早诊断、及时治疗尤为重要。血培养是诊断败血症的金标准,但新生儿外周血采血量有限,而脐血作为新生儿出生后最早的血液标本,血量充分,且收集方便。目的　探讨EOS早产儿脐血培养的临床应用价值,同时观察脐血培养阳性患儿炎性指标变化,以期为EOS的临床治疗提供依据。方法　选取天津医科大学第二医院2018年6月-2019年6月疑似或确诊宫内感染的产妇及其早产儿（胎龄≤37周）共150对,其中102例早产儿诊断为EOS,48例早产儿未诊断为EOS。于早产儿出生后即刻留取脐血,出生后24 h内留取外周静脉血,行血培养。分别于EOS患儿出生后0~<24、24~<48、48~72 h检测炎性指标〔超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞计数（WBC）、血小板计数（PLT）〕,比较脐血培养阳性与脐血培养阴性EOS患儿不同时间炎性指标。EOS患儿脐血、外周血培养报警阳性后,进行脐血、外周血细菌鉴定。结果　EOS患儿脐血培养阳性率〔19.6%（20/102）〕与外周血培养阳性率〔16.7%（17/102）〕比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。非EOS患儿脐血、外周血培养阳性率均为0。脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后0~<24、24~<48、48~72 h hs-CRP、PCT高于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）;脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后0~<24 h WBC低于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）;脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后48~72 h PLT低于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）。EOS患儿脐血培养共鉴定出20株致病菌,其中革兰阳性菌15株（包括葡萄球菌10株、单核细胞增生李斯特菌3株、无乳链球菌2株）,革兰阴性菌5株（包括大肠埃希菌3株、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种1株、鲍曼不动杆菌1株）。EOS患儿外周血培养共鉴定出17株致病菌,其中15例患儿外周血培养鉴定结果与脐血培养鉴定结果一致。结论　EOS患儿脐血培养阳性率与外周血培养阳性率相似,但脐血取血方便,留血量充分,有利于进行EOS的诊断。新生儿出生后若hs-CRP、PCT升高,WBC、PLT降低,提示可能存在EOS,可酌情调整抗生素用药,并依据细菌培养结果及时确定抗感染疗程及进一步诊治方案。