广州大学城在校大学生男同性恋者生存质量及其同性恋性身份认同情况调查

目的了解在校大学生男同性恋者(MSM)生存质量及其同性恋性身份认同情况,为在该人群中开展有针对性的健康干预措施提供参考。方法分别采用同伴推动、"滚雪球"抽样和分层抽样方法对符合纳入标准的广州大学城在校大学生MSM和普通大学生进行面对面匿名问卷调查。结果共调查233名大学生MSM,其生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域和生存质量总分分别为(13.52±1.59)、(13.43±1.95)、(13.14±2.77)、(12.63±1.89)、(13.18±1.58);共调查519名普通男性大学生,其生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域和生存质量总分分别为(14.11±1.97)、(14.06±2.39)、(13.67±2.83)、(13.38±2.11)、(13.81±1.89);大学生MSM生存质量各领域和生存质量总分均低于普通男性大学生得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05))。家庭经济状况差、与家人同住、性角色为"0"及多数时间性角色为"0"的大学生MSM生存质量总分均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05))。59.66%的大学生MSM对自己同性恋性身份持认同的态度。结论改善大学生MSM的主观感受,为其提供一个宽松的学习、生活环境,根据不同人口学特征特别是家庭经济状况差、与家人同住、性角色为"0"及多数时间性角色为"0"的大学生MSM进行有针对性的干预,有利于提高其生存质量。     

广州大学城2020年白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊抗药性调查

目的 了解广州大学城登革热媒介白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性现状,为制定针对性防控策略提供参考.方法 分别在广州大学城一期和二期校区采集白纹伊蚊幼虫,在实验室条件下繁殖一代,分别采用幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒药膜滤纸接触法对4类4种幼虫药物和4类9种成蚊药物进行敏感性测定,并运用SPSS25.0进行统计学分析.结果...     

番禺区人群B型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查

目的了解番禺区人群Hib疾病免疫状况及影响因素，为预防和控制Hib疾病提供基础资料和科学依据。方法随机抽取番禺区一个城区疫苗接种门诊和两个乡镇疫苗接种门诊，对所有带儿童到接种点接种的监护人进行既往Hib疫苗免疫状况及影响因素的问卷调查。结果儿童监护人对Hib疾病的了解程度比较低．城区和乡镇均为35％左右；城区儿童监护人对Hib疫苗的了解明显比乡镇高（P=0．000），分别为65.3％和38．4％：城区的Hib疫苗接种率明显比乡镇接种率高（P=0．000），分别为72．4％和36．2％。影响Hib疫苗接种态度的因素主要为疫苗的效果，经医生介绍后儿童监护人对接种Hib疫苗的积极性都较好，城区和乡镇分别达到94．5％和80．4％。结论Hib疫苗的接种率比较低，主要是因为儿童监护人对Hib疾病和疫苗的认识不足，应加强宣传教育，提高儿童监护人接种Hib疫苗的意识。     

广州某大学城建筑工地A群流行性脑脊髓膜炎暴发的调查处理分析

目的:查明该岛建筑工地流行性脑脊髓膜炎局部暴发的因素。方法:用统一调查表逐例可疑流脑病例进行调查,常规脑脊液涂片检测革兰氏阴性双球菌,分离流脑脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌。结果16例以男性为主、年龄在16岁-54岁、无流脑疫苗免疫史的外地农民工,居住在人均不足5平方米的拥挤宿舍内,引起局部暴发。结论:由于发现及时,处理措施到位,未造成病例死亡和疫情大面积扩散。为防止农民工出现流脑暴发疫情,建议有关部门在农民工招工、务工前接种流脑疫苗。     

Complicated genotypes circulating among treatment naïve HIV-1 patients in Guangzhou,China

Guangzhou city is the political, economic, and cultural center of the Guangdong Province, China. The molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 in Guangzhou are not widely known. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of HIV-1 genotypes among treatment naïve HIV/AIDS patients living in Guangzhou. HIV-1 RNA was extracted from serum specimens. The partial pol gene of the HIV-1 genome was amplified and sequenced. The genotypes were screened using the subtyping tool COMET and further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis, with the exception of the URFs that were analyzed by jpHMM and RIP. The distributions of HIV genotypes in different risk populations were analyzed. Subsequently, pol sequences were used to construct transmission networks and analyze drug resistance. Twelve HIV-1 genotypes including 3 subtypes and 9 CRFs, with several URFs were identified from 1388 HIV-1 sequences, which were derived from 1490 patients. The main genotypes circulating in Guangzhou were CRF07_BC (38.3%), CRF01_AE (32.3%), and CRF55_01B (10.7%). CRF01_AE was the secondary dominant strain and multiple lineages of CRF01_AE had been identified in Guangzhou. The 01B recombinant forms, including CRF55_01B, CRF59_01B and CRF68_01B, have circulated widely in Guangzhou. 42.22% (586/1388) of the study sequences fell into 143 transmission networks, and the three main clusters revealed that sequences from MSM and HET populations were intermixed. 5.40% (75/1388) of patients had pre-treatment drug resistance. The HIV-1 strains that were present in Guangzhou have demonstrated complex genotypes. Particular attention should be given on these genotypes for the further strategy of prevention and intervention of HIV transmission.     

Concentrations of arsenic,cadmium and lead in human hair and typical foods in eleven Chinese cities

Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in 384 human hair samples and 445 purchased food samples from 11 cities in China. The mean concentrations of hair As, Cd and Pb were 0.23, 0.062 and 2.45 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The As, Cd and Pb concentrations in different foods were lower than the national maximum allowable contaminant levels. By comparison, males had higher hair As concentrations but lower Cd concentrations than females. When the interaction effects of gender and age were considered, males had the higher hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations in the 51–65 year-old age group. Residents of rural areas had higher hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations than people living in urban areas. Further analysis indicates that hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations and their changes with biological and environmental factors cannot be satisfactorily explained by the estimated intakes from purchased food.     

High detection rate and high genetic diversity of genogroup I Picobirnaviruses from roe deer

Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been characterized as opportunistic enteric pathogens detected in various domestic, zoo and wild animals, suggesting a wide host range of these viruses. It is thus important to monitor wild animals for the presence of various human and animal pathogens in order to identify a potential reservoir of infectious diseases. In this study, the first phylogenetic analysis of PBV from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was performed with a total of 70 investigated samples of feces from roe deer collected in 2014 and 2015 during a survey throughout Slovenia. A high detection rate of PBVs was observed with newly designed specific primers, 42 samples out of 70 (60%) being positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp gene showed that roe deer PBV sequences were distributed over the whole phylogenetic tree and were distributed between 7 highly supported groups and 12 separate branches within the PBV genogroup I. The animal PBV strain most closely related to roe deer PBV strains was the Rhesus macaque PBV/BGD/PbV-55 strain, with 89.1% nucleotide identity to that of PBV SLO/D80-14. Overall nucleotide sequence identity between PBV strains obtained from roe deer ranged from 60.4 to 100%, confirming the high genetic diversity with no subtypes related to host species or geographic location in general. This first phylogenetic survey of roe deer PBVs provides further knowledge concerning the putative host range and confirms the high genetic diversity of these PBVs.     

Seasons of change: Mechanisms of genome evolution in human fungal pathogens

Fungi are a diverse kingdom of organisms capable of thriving in various niches across the world including those in close association with multicellular eukaryotes. Fungal pathogens that contribute to human disease reside both within the host as commensal organisms of the microbiota and the environment. Their niche of origin dictates how infection initiates but also places specific selective pressures on the fungal pathogen that contributes to its genome organization and genetic repertoire. Recent efforts to catalogue genomic variation among major human fungal pathogens have unveiled evolutionary themes that shape the fungal genome. Mechanisms ranging from large scale changes such as aneuploidy and ploidy cycling as well as more targeted mutations like base substitutions and gene copy number variations contribute to the evolution of these species, which are often under multiple competing selective pressures with their host, environment, and other microbes. Here, we provide an overview of the major selective pressures and mechanisms acting to evolve the genome of clinically important fungal pathogens of humans.     

2012年广州市番禺区企业员工自测社会适应性分析

目的了解广州市番禺区企业员工社会健康状况与人口学、社会学特征方面的相关关系,为企业员工的社会健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法选取番禺区18家企业的831名员工,应用自测健康评定量表中的自测社会健康子量表对各企业员工进行自测,并对自测评分进行分析。结果番禺区企业员工在角色活动与社会适应、社会资源与社会接触、社会支持和总体自测社会健康的得分较高。M/理论值分别为85.0%、78.6%、69.3%、78.3%。以上四个项目在不同性别员工间比较,仅社会支持得分差异有统计学意义(Z=2.455,P0.05);在不同婚姻状况员工间比较,除了社会资源与社会接触得分,差异均有统计学意义(Chi-R=12.775、7.396、10.050,P0.05或P0.01);在不同学历员工间比较,仅角色活动与社会适应得分差异有统计学意义(Chi-R=11.336,P0.05);在经济状况不同员工间比较,差异均有统计学意义(Chi-R=13.953、12.055、19.881、22.235,P0.01);在不同企业类型的员工间比较,除了社会支持得分,差异均有统计学意义(Chi-R=6.571、8.536、8.521,P0.05)。结论番禺区企业员工社会适应性自测得分较好。性别、婚姻状况、学历、经济状况、企业类型均对企业员工社会健康有不同程度的影响。     

MOS-HIV量表测量PLWHA生存质量现状

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称PLWHA）的生活质量现状,探讨其影响因素,为制定艾滋病综合关怀措施提供客观依据。方法采用简体中文版MOS-HIV量表,测量广州市番禺区PLWHA生活质量现状,并调查可能影响生活质量的相关特征,采用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果番禺区PLWHA生理领域总分为（53.92±6.85）分,心理领域总分为（45.88±7.57）分。HIV感染者在生理、心理领域总分,总体健康、躯体角色、社会功能、肌体疼痛、健康压力和生命质量领域等方面评分均高于AIDS病人,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HIV感染者不同年龄组中,30~39岁年龄组生理领域总分最高;不同职业组中,无/待业组评分最低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AIDS病人不同年龄组、不同职业组各领域评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。CD＋4T淋巴细胞计数〉350个/mm3者在生理、心理领域总分,总体健康、躯体健康、躯体角色、社会功能、肌体疼痛和心理健康领域等方面评分,均高于CD＋4T淋巴细胞计数≤350个/mm3者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论广州市番禺区PLWHA的生存质量水平较低,并受多方面因素的影响,应倡导提供多方位的综合干预服务,提高其生存质量。