First-Pass Arrival Interval of Ultrasound Contrast Medium in the Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein as a Marker for Assessment of Liver Transplant Recipients

BackgroundThis study measures the first-pass arrival times in the hepatic artery and portal vein of the transplanted liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and assess its correlation with graft performance in the early posttransplant period.MethodsThis study evaluated 35 liver transplant recipients who underwent CEUS examination within 1 month of transplant surgery. CEUS under contrast-specific harmonic imaging mode were recorded for 60 seconds immediately after intravenous administration of microbubble ultrasound contrast medium (Sonazoid, GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway). The recorded video clips were reviewed by 2 readers to determine the first-pass arrival times in the hepatic artery and portal vein, and the difference between the 2 was defined as the arterial-portal arrival interval (APAI). Laboratory data on the same date of CEUS examination were collected as indicators to correlate with APAI.ResultsThe intra- and inter-rater reliability for APAI measurement were excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients > .95. The mean APAI was 4.5 ± 1.8 seconds (range, 2.0-10.5 seconds). The APAI was positively correlated with the serum total bilirubin level (r = 0.357, P = .035) and negatively correlated with the platelet count (r = −0.354, P = .037). At the 5 second cutoff point, a total serum bilirubin of >8 mg/dL was reported in 5 of 11 patients (45.4%) with APAI of >5 seconds and in only 3 of 24 patients (12.5%) with APAI of <5 seconds (P < .05).ConclusionsThe APAI is a quantitative marker that links the hemodynamics and the clinical status of the liver graft.     

中药防治疲劳作用机制的研究进展

疲劳是亚健康的典型表现,会导致身体发生一系列的生理变化。长期疲劳如不及时缓解,可诱发心血管功能障碍、精神障碍等严重病理反应。中药为防治疲劳、减缓继发性疾病提供了可靠的临床实践,具有抗疲劳作用的天然药物种类丰富,为开发利用新型抗疲劳药物提供崭新领域。通过对疲劳的认识、中药与天然药物防治疲劳的复杂机制进行综述,为揭示中药干预疲劳提供理论依据,也为开发具有抗疲劳潜力的新产品提供指导。     

基于多途径联合效应的甘草防治脓毒血症活性成分筛选及作用机制研究

目的 研究甘草中有效组分对脓毒血症的防治作用及机制。方法 采用小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞(bone marrow-derived macrophages,BMDM)构建体外NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体激活模型及H2O2诱导的氧化应激模型筛选出甘草抗炎、抗氧化应激的有效组分,采用ip脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS,20 mg/kg)诱导C57BL/6小鼠脓毒血症致死模型以及脓毒血症模型,评价致死模型中小鼠的生存率及脓毒血症模型小鼠腹腔灌洗液中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞在渗出细胞中的占比以及外周血和腹腔灌洗液中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平。结果 基于BMDM细胞NLRP3炎症小体激活模型筛选出甘草中有效组分刺甘草查耳酮,可显著抑制半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(cystein-asparate protease-1,Ca...     

Relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density in a cross-sectional Chinese study

Background ContextPrevious studies have reported conflicting results for the relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density, based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, few studies were published based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT), especially for Chinese population.PurposeTo evaluate the associations of spine bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) using QCT.Study Design/SettingA Cross-sectional study.Patient SampleAround 3,457 participants in multiple communities across 7 administrative regions of China.Outcome MeasuresSpine BMD was measured using QCT, and the classification of osteoporosis was defined as follows: 1) osteoporosis if BMD <80mg/cm³, 2) osteopenia if BMD 80–119 mg/cm³, and 3) normal bone mass if BMD≥120 mg/cm³.MethodsThis study was conducted using convenient sampling between 2013 and 2017. Multivariable linear regression model and logistic regression models were used for the associations of continuous and categorical BMD, respectively.ResultsAround 3,405 participants were included in the final analyses, including 1,272 males and 2,133 females, with spine BMD of 111.00±35.47 mg/cm³ and 99.38±40.60 mg/cm³, respectively. Spine BMD decreased significantly with the increase of ABSI in females (adjusted β, ?5.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?8.50 to ?2.98), and this trend also was kept in females aged at less than 60 years (adjusted β, ?14.54; 95% CI, ?20.40 to ?8.68), and females with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, ?7.59; 95% CI, ?10.91 to ?4.28). However, this inverse association was observed only in males with age ≥ 60 years (adjusted β, ?5.19; 95% CI, ?10.08 to ?0.29). Except ABSI, negative associations of Spine BMD with WC (adjusted β, ?0.46; 95% CI, ?0.77 to ?0.15), WHR (adjusted β, ?6.25; 95% CI, ?10.63 to ?1.86), WHtR (adjusted β, ?6.80; 95% CI, ?11.63 to ?1.97) were shown in females aged at <60 years, and positive association with BMI in males with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.29–1.55).ConclusionsABSI had more remarkable association with spine BMD, compared with the other four indexes.     

聋哑儿童听力语言训练探讨

报告对138例聋哑儿童的语言训练,其中,男85例,女53例,先天性聋哑20例,后天性聋哑118例,5岁以下聋哑者125例。认为主要是利用感觉途径的训练方法,叫作“多感觉方法”,即“看,听,摸”。作者体会聋童语言训练是否成功,家长是一个很重要的决定因素。对于聋童做好早期诊断,及时矫治是防哑的关键。     

微量元素Zn,Cu,Fe与高血压关系的病例对照研究

目的探讨原发性高血压的发病因素。方法病例对照研究方法,分析了微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ与高血压的关系。结果Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ／Ｆｅ、Ｆｅ／Ｃｕ与高血压有一定关系,其中以Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ／Ｃｕ与高血压的关系更为密切。同时单相关分析说明Ｆｅ对收缩压和舒张压有正性作用,Ｚｎ／Ｆｅ对收缩压有负性联系。结论Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ／Ｆｅ、Ｆｅ／Ｃｕ对血压的作用较独立的Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ显著     

大豆苷元抗心律失常作用的研究

目的 :研究大豆苷元抗心律失常作用。方法 :常规抗心律失常方法。结果 :大豆苷元 (3.0,5.0mg·kg^-1)对氯仿诱发的小鼠室颤有明显的预防作用 ,大豆苷元 (0.8,1.0mg·kg^-1)对乌头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常有明显的治疗效果。大豆苷元 (0.2,0.3mg·kg^-1)还能对抗肾上腺素诱发的家兔心律失常 ,大豆苷元 (0.03% ,0.05%)能明显降低蟾蜍离体坐骨神经动作电位振幅。大豆苷元 (0.8,1.0mg·kg^-1)对氯化钙诱发的大鼠室颤具有预防作用 ,且能明显的降低大鼠的死亡率。以上作用具有明显的剂量依赖性。结论 :大豆苷元有明显的抗心律失常作用。其抗心律失常作用可能与其抑制Na⁺内流或Ca²⁺ 内流及与阻断-β 肾上腺素受体有关。     

抗菌药使用现状调查分析

目的：了解我院抗菌药使用现状，为完善抗菌药管理提供科学的依据。方法：横断面调查研究。结果：全院当日使用抗菌药共8类36种，抗菌药使用率为52．3％，头孢菌素类抗菌药排在使用首位，外科抗菌药使用率高于内科；病原微生物送检率为3．8％，送检率低，治疗多为经验用药；预防用药指征过宽，时间过长。结论：提高病原学送检率，根据微生物学检查和药敏结果合理使用抗菌药，建立抗菌药使用登记制度，开发抗菌药使用信息管理系统，是促使临床合理使用抗菌药的措施。     

川芎嗪对大鼠缺血心肌细胞核钙转运异常的影响

目的 :观察大鼠缺血心肌细胞核钙转运功能的变化及川芎嗪的作用。方法 :将Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、缺血组和川芎嗪保护组。采用皮下注射异丙肾上腺素 (ISP,5mg·kg- 1 ) ,2 4h后再注射相同剂量一次 ,造成心肌缺血模型。超速离心纯化细胞核 ,酶学法鉴定核纯度和测定核膜Ca2 + ATPase活性 ,同位素法观测核钙的摄取。结果 :缺血组心肌细胞核膜Ca2 + ATPase活性较对照组下降 2 1 .4% (P<0 .0 1 ) ,4 5Ca2 + 摄取率也呈显著性降低 ,其最大反应速度 (Vmax)降低 48.5 % ,细胞核膜Ca2 + 依赖性ATP酶的Vmax 降低 3 4.1 % ,Km 值降低 42 .2 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,川芎嗪保护组心肌细胞核Ca2 + ATP酶活性及核4 5Ca2 + 摄取率较缺血组均有显著性升高 ,且有剂量依赖关系。结论 :川芎嗪对ISP所致的缺血心肌细胞核钙转运功能下降有拮抗作用     

非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂奈韦拉平

艾滋病是严重威胁人类健康的传染性疾病，它是由HIV引发，特别是HIV-1。奈韦拉平是一种新型的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂，该药与核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂或蛋白酶抑制剂合用可用于治疗艾滋病，单独用药可用于预防HIV感染和母婴传播。