云南省齐氏姬鼠体表吸虱性比分析

目的对云南省捕获的1204只齐氏姬鼠体表采集的5323只吸虱进行性比分析。方法应用统计学方法卡方检验及单样本t检验,对数据进行整理。结果优势虱种为锯多板虱(Polyplax serrata)、相关甲胁虱(Hoplopleura affinis)和红姬甲胁虱(Hoplopleura akanezumi),雌/雄吸虱性比均大于1。有吸虱寄生的齐氏姬鼠588只,雌︰雄>1及只有雌虱寄生的齐氏姬鼠共412只,占有虱寄生齐氏姬鼠数量的70.07%。在不同生境齐氏姬鼠体表吸虱性比分布,均呈偏-雌分布。结论齐氏姬鼠体表吸虱性比偏雌分布,是一种普遍现象,其产生机制尚不清楚,有待研究。     

云南省部分疟疾疫情不稳定地区重要媒介按蚊生态习性研究

目的了解云南省疟疾疫情不稳定地区重要传疟媒介按蚊生态习性的变化。方法在景洪市、元江、绥江和龙陵县4个疟疾不稳定区,采用诱蚊灯人(畜)房通宵捕获蚊虫,通宵人工诱捕观察蚊虫夜间活动节律,应用多重PCR方法检测蚊虫胃血血源。结果 4个调查点共捕获18种44 635只按蚊,其中中华按蚊26 468只,微小按蚊2428只,雷氏按蚊100只,昆明按蚊1620只,其他按蚊14 019只,分别占所获按蚊总数的59.30%、5.44%、0.22%、3.63%和31.41%。景洪市微小按蚊夜间活动高峰在23:00-00:00;景洪市和元江县的中华按蚊夜间活动高峰为20:00-21:00;绥江县的中华按蚊夜间活动高峰为02:00-03:00;昆明按蚊夜间活动高峰主要在22:00之前;中华按蚊、微小按蚊和昆明按蚊日预期寿命较高,均在0.90~1.00之间;中华按蚊人血指数为0.30,微小按蚊为0.50,昆明按蚊为0.30。结论微小按蚊、中华按蚊和昆明按蚊生态习性发生了变化,是否引起当地疟疾流行特征发生改变,有待于进一步调查。     

云南省部分地区地里纤恙螨分布调查

目的 探讨云南省地里纤恙螨在宿主选择及在不同地域的分布情况.方法 选择云南省部分县(市)进行现场调查,用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小兽,收集其双侧耳廓和外耳道的恙螨幼虫,用Hoyer's液封片后在显微镜下逐一分类鉴定到种.统计不同恙螨种类、构成比及其在对应寄生宿主的感染率(染螨率)和感染度(螨指数),分析其在不同宿主体表和不同地域的分布情况.结果 在调查的19个县(市)共捕获小兽10 222只,在其体表采集到92 990只恙螨,经分类鉴定隶属于3亚科22属225种.其中采集到地里纤恙螨共1544只,仅占所有恙螨的1.659%;且宿主特异性低,仅在调查点的6个县(市)的19种8518只小兽体表采集到.结论 历史上认为地里纤恙螨是云南省恙虫病流行区优势螨种和主要媒介可能只是某些局部地区的情况,不同地域生境的恙螨构成和优势螨种可能存在差别.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the distribution of Leptotrombidium deliense among different small mammal hosts in some areas of Yunnan province. Methods A field survey was carried out in some counties of Yunnan province and the small mammal hosts were captured, using mouse cages and traps with baits. Chigger mites on the surface of two auricles were scraped off by a bistoury, and then preserved in 70% ethanol. Every specimen of the chigger mites on the slides was finally identified into species under a microscope. Some conventional statistical methods were adopted to calculate all the collected chigger mite species and the constituent ratios of Leptotrombidium deliense in different areas and on different hosts, together with its prevalence and mean abundance on different hosts. Results A total of 10 222 small mammal hosts were captured from 19 counties and identified as 11 families, 34 genera and 62 species in 5 orders, and 92 990 individuals of chigger mites were collected from the body surface of these small mammal hosts. All the collected chigger mites were identified as 3 subfamilies, 22 genera, and 225 species. Meanwhile, Leptotrombidium deliensee only accounted for 1.659% of the total. The host specificity of Leptotrombidium deliense was very low and 1544 individuals of Leptotrombidium deliense collected from 8518 small mammal hosts belonged to 6 families, 13 genera and 19 species in 3 orders. Our results showed that Leptotrombidium delienses were mainly collected from Insectivora and Rodentia. Leptotrombidium deliense had long been considered as the dominant species of chigger mites and the main vector of tsutsugamushi disease in Yunnan province of China, but our results seemed not thoroughly supporting this point of view. Conclusion Traditionally, Leptotrombidium deliense was the dominant species and the main vectors of scrub typhus in Yunnan province. However, based on our results, the above view might be true in some local places and the composition of chigger mites and the main vector of tautsugamushi disease might be different in regions and habitats in Yunnan province.     

滇南山地小区8个县（市）小兽及其体表蚤类群落生态学研究

目的研究滇南山地小区小兽及其体表蚤类群落结构。方法于1997、1998、2001、2004年对滇南山地8个县（市）的现场抽样调查,用群落生态学中的物种丰富度（S）、Shannon—Wiener多样性指数（∥）、均匀度（J＇）及生态优势度指数（C’）等方法进行测定。结果共捕获小兽3184只,隶属于4目5科13属21种。黄胸鼠、卡氏小鼠、锡金小鼠、褐家鼠、大臭鼩、斯氏家鼠及针毛鼠为优势小兽;从小兽体表共采集蚤类1767匹,隶属于5科13属15种,印鼠客蚤、伍氏病蚤及缓慢细蚤为优势蚤种。结论滇南山地的蚤类分布较少,生物多样性相对于其他区域低。     

中华姬鼠的研究进展

中华姬鼠是啮齿目、鼠科、姬鼠属中的鼠种，在我国分布较广，其除了危害农林作物外，还可携带多种人兽共患病的病原体，是重要的农林和医学害兽之一。本研究收集了国内外可以检索到的文献，对中华姬鼠的分类地位、地理分布和生物学特征，及其与疾病关系和防制对策等研究进展进行了介绍。