Prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults in 2011

Background

The prevalence of abdominal obesity is increasing dramatically worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of abdominal obesity from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and compare the data with other countries.

Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among 4th and 5th grade students: results from focus groups using reciprocal determinism

The Year 2000 Goals for the U.S. identify a goal of five servings per day of fruits and vegetables (F&V), which is roughly double what children are currently eating. Focus group discussions (based on the reciprocal determinism concept in social learning theory) were conducted with 4th and 5th grade students, their parents, teachers, and school food service workers, in preparation for the design of a school nutrition education program to increase consumption of F&V. A social learning theory perspective was taken because it has been demonstrated to be useful in the design of effective school nutrition education programs. A theory-based protocol delineating the sequence of questions to be asked in each focus group was designed before each group met. Discussions were conducted with ten groups of students, two groups each of teachers and of parents, and one of school food service employees. Three general factors appeared to be most likely to increase F&V consumption in these children: increasing availability of F&V in the home, enhancing liking for vegetables, and providing skills in increasing F&V availability and in preparing F&V.     

北京、上海3～5岁儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素分析

目的了解北京、上海3～5岁儿童的饮食行为现状,分析其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法在北京、上海各选国家一级一类幼儿园3所,用分层抽样方法选择3～5岁儿童1620人,对其家长进行问卷调查;对影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果所有调查儿童中约44.5%偏食,50.1%挑食,87.5%吃零食,70.3%喜欢喝含糖饮料。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲文化程度(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.55-2.87)、就餐时提示孩子吃某种食物(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.65-3.05),就餐时强迫孩子吃某种食物(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.21-2.48)与儿童挑食、偏食行为均相关;母亲文化程度(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.55-2.87)与儿童喝含糖饮料相关。结论偏食、挑食及喜欢喝含糖饮料是学龄前儿童存在的主要饮食行为问题,在宣传科学喂养的同时,要培植家长正确的育儿理念。     

Preparation of monoclonal antibody against HPT and its application to detecting marker protein in genetically modified rice

INTRODUCTION The enzyme hygromycin B phosphotransferase(HPT) is a selectable marker used widely in variousanimal and plant transformation systems. It hasproven that hpt is a highly effective marker gene forrice transformation in comparison with the traditionalkanamycin antibiotic gene (nptII)[1]. On the otherhand, cowpea trypsin inhibitor from cowpea seeds[2],a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, isresistant to a wide range of insects. Constitutiveexpression of the cpti gene…     

Chemopreventive effects of early-stage and late-stage supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on esophageal carcinogenesis in rats maintained on a low vitamin E/selenium diet

Low vitamin E and selenium (Ve/Se) nutritional status is known to be associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A previous human intervention trial demonstrated that Ve/Se supplementation decreased the occurrence of esophageal cancer death among younger participants but not among older ones. In this study, we intended to mimic this human nutritional status to determine the chemopreventive effects of Ve/Se supplementation at the early or late stage of esophageal carcinogenesis in rats maintained on a low Ve/Se diet. ESCC was induced in F344 rats with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) (0.35 mg/kg body wt, subcutaneously, three times per week for 5 weeks). The rats were maintained on a modified AIN-93M diet with low levels of Ve/Se or supplementation to the normal level by using the AIN-93M diet. At Week 25, the numbers of visible tumors and ESCC were significantly lower in rats on AIN-93M diet during the entire experimental period (Group D) or during the early stage (Group B) but not during the late stage (Group C). Ve/Se supplementation (switching from the low Ve/Se diet to the AIN-93M diet) also decreased cell proliferation, angiogenesis, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4, expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and 5-lipoxygenase in the esophagus. Our results demonstrated that Ve/Se supplementation inhibited NMBzA-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in rats on low Ve/Se diet, and supplementation during the early stage is more effective than during the late stage of carcinogenesis.     

济南市售小米和玉米中赭曲霉素A污染状况研究

目的 了解济南市售小米和玉米中赭曲霉毒素A的污染情况。方法 采用竞争抑制酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测小米和玉米中赭曲霉毒素A的提取溶剂、检测条件、回收率等,并对其进行优化研究,并利用优化出的条件对济南市5个区市售小米和玉米中赭曲霉毒素A含量进行检测并评价。结果 含有5%氯化钠的60%甲醇水溶液对谷物中赭曲霉毒素A的提取效果较为理想,检测的所有样品中,小米、玉米赭曲霉毒素A检出率分别为41%和38%,其中,超市小米赭曲霉毒素A检出率（56%）明显高于集市小米（26%）(P＜0.05)。赭曲霉毒素A污染水平在0.40～4.45μg/kg之间,中位数为1.67μg/kg, 集市和超市出售的小米、玉米中赭曲霉毒素A污染水平均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。本次检测所有样品中的赭曲霉毒素A含量均未超过国家规定的粮食中赭曲霉毒素A的限量标准。结论 济南市售的小米和玉米中均不同程度地存在赭曲霉毒素A污染,但污染水平均未超过国家标准。     

汶川大地震后3个月四川省北川和理县6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养状况

目的 调查分析四川省北川、理县两个地震重灾区6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养状况.方法 测量了北川县擂鼓镇、曲山镇和理县杂谷脑镇、薛城镇和朴头乡478名6～23月龄婴幼儿的身长、体重和血红蛋白(Hb)水平,6～11、12～17、18～23月龄段婴幼儿分别为190、144、144名;分别计算年龄别体重(WAZ)、年龄别身长(HAZ)、身长别体重(WHZ);分析低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率、贫血率情况.结果 6～23月龄男童和女童WAZ平均值分别为-0.97～-0.13、-0.67～-0.23,HAZ平均值分别为-1.23～-0.31、-1.25～-0.38;北川18～23月龄婴幼儿的WAZ(-0.89±1.16)和HAZ(-1.20±1.60)与6～11和12～17月龄婴幼儿差异具有统计学意义(WAZ分别为-0.32±0.92、-0.47±1.00,HAZ分别为-0.58±0.98、-0.68±1.34;F值分别为7.161、4.584,P值均＜0.05);理县18～23月龄婴幼儿的WAZ(-0.65±1.03)和HAZ(-1. 11±1.15)与6～11和12～17月龄的婴幼儿的差异具有统计学意义(WAZ分别为-0.23±0.93、-0.58±0.52,HAZ分别为-0.51±1.55、-0.80±1.19;F值分别为3.156、4.345,P值均＜0.05).北川和理县18～23月龄婴幼儿低体重率分别为15.6%(12/77)和9.1%(6/66);生长迟缓率分别为26%(20/77)和24.2%(16/66).北川18～23月龄婴幼儿的消瘦率达到了9.1%(7/77).北川、理县婴幼儿贫血率分别高达49.6%(123/248)和78.8%(178/226).中度贫血率达到7.7%(19/248)和19.9%(45/226).结论 震后北川、理县6～23月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况不佳;贫血率较高.18～23月龄婴幼儿的营养不良更为严重,应采用有针对性的营养干预.     

对30名青年女性看电视和看书时能量消耗的研究

目的 测量青年女性在看电视和看书时的能量消耗.方法 通过问卷调查、常规体验、血常规、肝功能、甲状腺激素的测定结果挑选出青年女性30名,利用意大利产的心肺功能测试仪k4b2对学员的看书和看电视时能量消耗进行测定,并对其基础代谢率和静息代谢率进行测定.结果 看书时的能量消耗为(226.35±56.07)kJ/h,心率为(69±5)次/min,看电视能量消耗为(220.79±65.69)kJ/h,心率为(68±5)次/min;基础代谢率为(178.53±53.51)kJ/h,心率为(62±6)次/min,静息代谢率为(214.76±44.56)kJ/h,心率为(65±6)次/min.结论 看书的能量消耗要大于看电视的,但看书和看电视能量消耗差别较少,对于青年女性来讲,两者接近于静息代谢的能量消耗,它们均属于极轻体力活动.     

Comparison of Ileal Digested Production of Parental Rice and Rice Genetically Modified With Cowpeas Trypsin Inhibitor

INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of genetically modified foods in the world, the safety assessment of these novel foods is becoming the first task for governments, scientists, and consumers. At the same time, nutritional assessment is an important …