Effects of garlic powder supplementation on insulin resistance,oxidative stress,and body composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and obesity are major contributors to NAFLD pathogenesis. The effects of garlic powder supplementation on these risk factors in patients with NAFLD was investigated.MethodsIn this 12-wk, randomized controlled clinical trial, ninety patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group received four tablets of garlic (each coated tablet contained 400 mg garlic powder) daily and the control group received four tablets of placebo (each coated tablet contained 400 mg starch).ResultsA significant decrease was seen in the treatment group compared to the control group in waist circumference (P = 0.001), body fat percent (P < 0.001), serum concentration of fasting blood sugar (P = 0.01), insulin (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (P < 0.001), as well as significant increase in skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.002), serum concentration of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.001).ConclusionGarlic powder supplementation improved risk factors of NAFLD. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of garlic on hepatic features in patients with NAFLD. The study protocol was registered at Iranian clinical trials website under code IRCT20170206032417N4.     

Total fluid intake of children and adolescents: cross-sectional surveys in 13 countries worldwide

Purpose

To describe total fluid intake (TFI) according to socio-demographic characteristics in children and adolescents worldwide.

Methods

Data of 3611 children (4–9 years) and 8109 adolescents (10–18 years) were retrieved from 13 cross-sectional surveys (47 % males). In three countries, school classes were randomly recruited with stratified cluster sampling design. In the other countries, participants were randomly recruited based on a quota method. TFI (drinking water and beverages of all kinds) was obtained with a fluid-specific record over 7 consecutive days. Adequacy was assessed by comparing TFI to 80 % of adequate intake (AI) for total water intake set by European Food Safety Authority. Data on height, weight and socio-economic level were collected in most countries.

Results

The mean (SD) TFI ranged from [1.32 (0.68)] to [1.35 (0.71)] L/day. Non-adherence to AIs for fluids ranged from 10 % (Uruguay) to >90 % (Belgium). Females were more likely to meet the AIs for fluids than males (4–9 years: 28 %, OR 0.72, p = 0.002; 10–18 years: 20 %, OR 0.80, p = 0.001), while adolescents were less likely to meet the AI than children (OR 1.645, p < 0.001 in males and OR 1.625, p < 0.001 in females).

Conclusions

A high proportion of children and adolescents are at risk of an inadequate fluid intake. This risk is especially high in males and adolescents when compared with females or children categories. This highlights water intake among young populations as an issue of global concern.

     

The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey

China faces a major increase in cardiovascular disease, yet there is limited population‐based data on risk factors, particularly in children. Fasting blood samples, anthropometry and blood pressure were collected on 9,244 children and adults aged ≥7 years in late 2009 as part of the national China Health and Nutrition Survey. Prevalent overweight, elevated blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors: glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C and LDL‐C), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are presented. We found that 11% of Chinese children and 30% of Chinese adults are overweight. Rates of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and inflammation are high and increased with age and were associated with urbanization. Approximately 42% of children have at least one of the following: pre‐diabetes or diabetes, hypertension, high TC, LDL‐C, TG, and CRP and low HDL‐C, as do 70% men and 60% women aged 18–40 years and >90% of men and women ≥60 years. In sum, the HbA1c findings suggest that as many as 27.7 million Chinese children and 334 million Chinese adults may be pre‐diabetic or diabetic. The high prevalence in less urban areas and across all income levels suggests that cardiometabolic risk is pervasive across rural and urban China.     

4种富硒植物预防MNNG诱发大鼠胃癌效果研究——不同源硒抑制大鼠胃窦黏膜上皮细胞异倍体发生率对比研究

目的筛选具有高效低毒特征的高健康价值硒。方法选择3种代表性富硒植物,以预防胃癌效果较好的富硒大蒜为生物硒对照材料,以亚硒酸钠为合成硒对照化合物,应用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱发大鼠胃窦黏膜上皮细胞异倍体发生(IAC)模型,调查比较5种富硒材料防癌效果。结果150μg/kgbw(以Se计,以下同)富硒大蒜组和富硒青花菜组大鼠IAC分别为25%和30%,两组间没有显著性差异;300μg/kgbw富硒大蒜组、富硒绿羽组和富硒红羽组大鼠IAC依次为22%、30%和50%,三组间没有显著性差异。150μg/kgbw亚硒酸钠组大鼠全部死亡,无法比较富硒植物与合成硒化合物亚硒酸钠的抑癌效果,但表明富硒植物毒性远小于亚硒酸钠。结论初步证实三种新选择的富硒植物具有高效低毒特征。     

我国北方男性青年基础代谢率

目的:测定具有正常体质指数的中国北方青年男性的基础代谢率。方法:根据2002年全国营养调查提供的中国北方青年男性平均身高和体重,筛选受试者(年龄20～24岁、身高165～177cm、体重57～73kg)30名。采用心肺功能测试仪测量其基础代谢率和静息代谢率;以四电极生物电阻抗仪测量体成分。结果:20～24岁正常体质指数的青年男性基础代谢率为129.16±24.59kJ/(h·m2),静息代谢率为166.36±28.03kJ/(h·m2)结论:与中国营养科学全书推算的理论值或修正值相比,中国北方青年男性的基础能量消耗的实测值明显偏低。     

抗性淀粉对大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨新型抗性淀粉Hi-maize1043对红花油饲料喂养诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法将70只大鼠随机分为7组,一组喂饲正常基础饲料(N),其余各组食用高脂饲料(HF),红花油占总能量的59%,5w后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),通过计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI),两组间差异有统计学意义,认为高脂饲料喂饲已使大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗。将6组胰岛素抵抗大鼠随机安排进食N、HF、Hi-maize1043高(HS)、中(MS)、低(LS)和低脂(LFHS)饲料,分别为N1、HF、HS、MS、LS和LFHS组;原正常基础饲料组为N组。喂养6w后,再次进行OGTT,计算ISI,比较各组各项指标的差异。结果经过5w的高脂饲料喂养,可成功在大鼠中诱导出胰岛素抵抗。与HF、MS和LS组相比,N、N1、HS和LFHS组ISI较高(P<0.05),N1、HS和LFHS组在改善胰岛素抵抗上作用相似,且LFHS组的体重接近正常对照的N组。结论抗性淀粉(RS)可以改善大鼠中红花油诱导的胰岛素抵抗,同时有效控制体重。     

育龄妇女VDR基因酶切多态性与其膳食钙吸收间的关系探讨

目的在我国城市居民代表性膳食条件下,探讨育龄妇女膳食钙吸收与维生素D受体(VDR)基因FokI或BsmI酶切多态性间的关系。方法通过特定引物对VDR基因扩增产物以限制性内切酶FokI或BsmI酶切电泳条带分布确定研究对象的基因型别。3d代表性膳食适应后,开始为期12d的代谢实验。研究对象所摄取的食品和饮品为我们设计的城市代表性膳食,称重(包括饮水)并采集备份样品分析测定;完整采集研究对象的粪便和尿液。测定并计算出每位研究对象膳食钙的吸收率。结果不同VDR基因FokI或BsmI酶切型别的育龄妇女膳食钙吸收率不同,呈现如下趋势ff相似文献