Reconstruction of a real-world car-to-pedestrian collision using geomatics techniques and numerical simulations

The aim of this study is to provide an improved method for traffic accident reconstruction based on geomatics techniques and numerical simulations. A combination of various techniques was used. First, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), laser scanner and structured-light scanner were used to obtain information on the accident scene, vehicle and victim. The collected traces provided detailed initial impact conditions for subsequent numerical simulations. Then, multi-body system (MBS) simulations were conducted to reconstruct the kinematics of the car-to-pedestrian collision. Finally, a finite element (FE) simulation using the THUMS model was performed to predict injuries. A real-life vehicle-pedestrian collision was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The reconstruction result revealed that the kinematic and injury predictions of the numerical simulations effectively conformed to the surveillance video and investigation of the actual accident. UAV photogrammetry was demonstrated to be more efficient in accident data collection than hand sketch and measurement, and 3D laser scanning enabled an easier and more accurate modeling process of vehicle. The present study shows the feasibility of this method for use in traffic accident reconstruction.     

傣族、水族和仡佬族人群的α地中海贫血基因突变分析

目的研究傣族、水族和仡佬族人群中常见α地中海贫血基因突变的频率和分布,探讨我国南方少数民族中α地中海贫血的分子流行病学特点。方法AK483例云南省傣族、180例贵州省水族和177例贵州省仡佬族的外周静脉血样本中分离基因组DNA,采用单管多重缺口PCR（Gap-PCR）,进行-α^3.7、-α^4.2和-^SEA三种缺失型α地中海贫血基因突变的检测。结果被检测的傣族、水族和仡佬族样本中α地中海贫血基因突变的携带率分别为34．16％、12．22％和5．08％,以云南傣族的携带率最高。-α^3.7、-α^4.2和--^SHA突变的等位基因频率在傣族中分别是14．18％、0．31％和4．14％,在水族中分别是2．50％、0．28％和3．33％,在仡佬族中分别是1.41％、0．56％和0．56％。-α^3.7是傣族中最常见的突变类型,--^SEA则是水族中的常见突变类型。结论云南傣族、贵州水族和仡佬族中有较高的α地中海贫血基因突变携带率,我国南方不同地区和民族之间在基因突变的频率和分布上均有明显差异。     

贵州省县级疾控部门艾滋病防治能力调研报告

目的了解贵州省县级疾控部门防治艾滋病的工作情况,分析其能力建设方面有待完善的因素。方法以贵州省9个地州88个县作为样本进行问卷调查、统计与分析。结果县级疾控部门防治艾滋病方面存在人员少、经费缺、部门协调较差等问题。结论下一步应从机制建设、人员素质提升、支撑环境构建等方面进行防治能力的提升。     

Natural-product-library-based screening for discovery of capsid C-terminal domain targeted HIV-1 inhibitors

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and limit disease progression. However, ART is unable to eradicate the virus, and the requirement for lifelong treatment may have side effects and may lead to the development of resistance. New approaches to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection should therefore be developed. HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein is an unexploited but attractive target for antiviral drug development. The hydrophobic cavity of the C-terminal domain of CA (CA CTD) has been validated as a potential target for antiviral drugs. Binding of compounds to this conserved non-polar groove in CA CTD allosterically disrupts the CA assembly. This study screened 2080 natural products to identify potential antiviral agents for further development to combat HIV-1 infection. From the primary screen at a fixed concentration of 50 µM, 16 compounds were found to be effective against this target. Six compounds observed in the primary screen were confirmed in dose–response experiments, and were tested against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects. Two compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, and the most active compound – rubranol – inhibited viral replication at a moderate micromolar concentration (EC₅₀ = 15.85 μM). The binding modes of rubranol and hirsutanonol to CA CTD were analysed by molecular docking, providing insight for the design of drugs targeting HIV-1 CA. This study reports, for the first time, identification of natural products that showed potential as anti-HIV-1 agents by targeting the conserved hydrophobic cavity of HIV-1 CA CTD.     

黔产景天三七的化学成分及药理活性研究

目的对黔产景天三七Sedumaizoon的化学成分以及抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究。方法采用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据EI-MS、ESI-MS、1H-和13C-NMR等波谱数据并结合化合物理化性质进行结构鉴定。利用DPPH法筛选所得化合物的抗氧化活性;用PNPG法对所得化合物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的检测。结果从景天三七的醋酸乙酯部位分离、鉴定得到17个化合物,分别为鸢尾酚酮(1)、山柰酚(2)、槲皮素(3)、杨梅素(4)、鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(5)、异落叶松脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、myricitrime(7)、杨梅素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(8)、鸢尾酚酮-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(9)、2-O-(trans-caffeoyl)-malic acid 1-methyl ester(10)、2-O-(trans-caffeoyl)-malic acid 1,4-dimethyl ester(11)、2-O-(trans-caffeoyl) malic acid(12)、对香豆酸(13)、没食子酸乙酯(14)、丁二酸(15)、油酸酰胺(16)、百脉根苷(17)。结论化合物13、15为首次从景天三七中分离得到,化合物9～12、16为首次从景天属植物中分离得到。化合物2、3、7、8、10、12、14具有良好的抗氧化活性。化合物8有微弱的体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,化合物3有较强的体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。     

姚魁武通调气血法治疗高血压性头胀

姚魁武教授认为,高血压性头胀的病机主要与气血失调有关,以气血郁滞、肝郁血虚为主,和高血压引起的眩晕、头痛等病机有所不同。姚魁武重视气血功能的调理以及气血与病症的关联性,认为通调气血法是该病症的重要治则,调节气血的失衡,使气血调和从而缓解病症,临证常用四逆散等柴胡剂以及越鞠丸、黄芪赤风汤等经方。     

基于网络药理学的济生肾气丸治疗骨质疏松症的分子机制研究

目的应用网络药理学分析技术研究济生肾气丸治疗骨质疏松症(OP)的分子作用机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库查询并筛选出济生肾气丸全方共10味中药的活性成分及有效靶点;检索Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)、Gene Cards、Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)三大疾病靶点数据库查询骨质疏松症相关靶点;利用Venny 2.1统计复方与疾病的交集靶点,并绘制Venn图。利用Cytoscape 3.6软件,绘制活性成分-交集靶点网络图。将交集靶点导入String数据库后获得的数据经Cytoscape的Cyto Hubba插件构建蛋白互作网络图。通过DAVID数据库进行基因功能GO分析和KEGG通路富集分析,并利用R-studio软件进行气泡图绘制。利用Cytoscape绘制核心靶点与KEGG通路的网络图。结果济生肾气丸中共得到63个活性成分,预测出211个相关靶点;经过三大数据库共检索出OP相关靶点3 126个;复方与疾病交集靶点132个。通过Cytoscape构建交集基因蛋白互作网络图与核心靶点-通路网络图,按照连接节点(degree)大小排列显示济生肾气丸主要通过作用于AKT1、MAPK1、IL6、MAPK8、JUN、VEGFA等靶基因及调控肿瘤坏死因子信号通路、白细胞介素17信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路、流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化信号通路等发挥治疗OP的作用。结论济生肾气丸治疗OP具有多成分、多靶点、多系统的特点,其作用机制可能通过抑制破骨细胞的生成、刺激成骨细胞的活性、调节骨代谢平衡、降低炎症反应等途径有关。