Effectiveness and safety of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery vs conventional multi-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of gastric diseases: A meta-analysis

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) and conventional multi-port laparoscopic (CMPLS) surgery in the treatment of gastric diseases.The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case control studies on the use of RPLS vs conventional multi-port laparoscopic surgery in treating gastric diseases from their inception until March 10, 2019. The evaluated outcomes were the operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, number of dissected lymph nodes, postoperative complications, and conversions. All of these were compared using Stata software version 12.0.A total of 18 studies were included, which involved 2938 patients. In studies referring to the comparison between RPLS and CMPLS in treating gastric diseases, the former showed significantly inferior in terms of operative time (P = .011) and number of dissected lymph nodes (P = .031); but superior results in terms of the estimated blood loss (P = .000) and length of hospital stay (P = .001) than the latter did; however, the rates of postoperative complications (P = .830) and conversions (P = .102) were not statistically significant between the 2 groups.RPLS and CMPLS showed comparable effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric diseases in our meta-analysis. Based on the current evidence, we believe that RPLS is an efficacious surgical alternative to CMPLS in the management of gastric diseases because of the shorter hospital stay and reduced blood loss. However, large-scale, well-designed, multicenter studies are needed to further confirm the results of this study.     

幼年特发性关节炎诊疗规范

幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)临床上常见亚型包括全身型JIA、少关节型/多关节型JIA和幼年脊柱关节炎。本病无特异性诊断指标, 需与感染性疾病和恶性病相鉴别。全身型JIA起病多急骤, 病情进展快, 易合并巨噬细胞活化综合征而危及生命。儿童风湿科医生对JIA的诊断及治疗经验仍不足, 规范化诊疗水平有待进一步提高。中华医学会风湿病学分会组织有关专家, 在借鉴国内外诊疗规范和分类标准的基础上, 制定本规范, 旨在规范JIA各亚型及全身型JIA合并巨噬细胞活化综合征的诊断和治疗方案, 以降低致死率和严重并发症的发生率, 从而改善患儿预后。     

产前超声诊断11例妊娠合并血管前置病例分析

目的探讨产前超声检查诊断血管前置的意义及方法。方法回顾性分析11例妊娠合并血管前置产前超声声像图表现及胎儿结局。结果 11例血管前置中,诊断符合7例(其中中孕诊断5例,晚孕诊断2例),择期剖宫产7例,无围产儿死亡;漏诊3例(其中中孕1例、晚孕2例),误诊2例(均为晚孕),因胎儿窘迫、孕妇阴道流血急诊剖宫产4例,其中两例新生儿窒息。结论中孕是诊断血管前置的最佳时期,经腹超声检查胎盘、胎盘脐带插入口、宫颈内口并叠加彩色多普勒是诊断血管前置的常规方法,对宫颈内口显示不满意时结合经阴道或经会阴彩色多普勒超声检查可有效降低血管前置漏诊误诊率,有效改善围产儿结局。     

Regulatory system reform of occupational health and safety in China

With the explosive economic growth and social development, China’s regulatory system of occupational health and safety now faces more and more challenges. This article reviews the history of regulatory system of occupational health and safety in China, as well as the current reform of this regulatory system in the country. Comprehensive, a range of laws, regulations and standards that promulgated by Chinese government, duties and responsibilities of the regulatory departments are described. Problems of current regulatory system, the ongoing adjustments and changes for modifying and improving regulatory system are discussed. The aim of reform and the incentives to drive forward more health and safety conditions in workplaces are also outlined.     

间质金属蛋白酶基因多态性与中心性肥胖在非酒精性脂肪肝病中交互作用研究

目的 探讨间质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)-1562C/T(rs3918242)以及MMP-2-1306C/T(rs243865)位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)遗传易感性以及与中心性肥胖交互作用。方法 对545例NAFLD患者和636例正常对照,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析rs24386以及rs3918242基因型、非条件logistic分析各基因型与脂肪肝发病易感性关系,利用非条件logistic分析和广义多因子降维(GMDR)法分析rs3918242、rs243865与中心性肥胖的交互作用。结果 MMP-9 rs3918242位点T基因携带者(TT/CT)与非T基因携带者(CC)的NAFLD罹患风险明显增加(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.32～2.12,P=0.001;调整OR=1.65,95%CI:1.31～2.01,P=0.008);而MMP-2 rs243865位点T基因携带者(TT/CT)与非T基因携带者(CC)的NAFLD罹患风险明显降低(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.53～0.86,P=0.001;调整OR=0.66,95%CI:0.49～0.90,P=0.007)。广义多因子降维法分析结果显示,rs3918242与中心性肥胖在NAFLD发病中存在交互作用(P=0.001)。利用非条件logistic校正年龄、性别、腰围、BMI、LDL-C、HDL-C、FPG、胰岛素抵抗指数后,分析显示,携带rs3918242 TT/CT基因型中心性肥胖个体罹患NAFLD的风险高于携带CC基因非吸烟个体(OR=4.50,95%CI:2.78～7.17,P=0.007)。结论 MMP-9基因的rs3918242以及MMP-2基因的rs243865与NAFLD患病罹患风险紧密相关,rs3918242与中心性肥胖在NAFLD发病中具有协同效应。     

监护人重视的首个儿童孤独症异常特征及与就诊时间关系的分析

目的 了解监护人重视的首个儿童孤独症异常特征分布情况及其影响因素,并分析其对就诊时间的影响。方法 2012年9月至2014年4月使用自拟《儿童心理行为发育及相关因素》问卷,选取就诊于武汉、海口、柳州和长沙市儿童孤独症康复机构5岁以下孤独症患儿主要监护人进行问卷调查,采用EpiData软件录入数据,使用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 415名孤独症患儿男童占85.54%(355人),女童占14.46%(60人),男女性别比为5.9:1;引起监护人重视的首个异常特征出现概率前3位的是语言发育不良、不理人或缺乏与他人交往和重复、怪异或固定动作,分别占20.72%、18.55%和14.94%;首个异常特征出现时间的M值为8~28个月,不同异常特征引起监护人重视的时间不同(χ²=46.64,P<0.000 1);监护人年龄、文化程度、与儿童接触时间及亲密程度、家庭类型、家庭关系等与监护人重视的首个儿童孤独症异常特征无统计学关联。孤独症患儿就诊时间的M值为10.5~33个月,且不同异常特征就诊时间存在差异(χ²=46.10,P<0.000 1);90.74%的监护人延迟患儿就诊,但不同异常特征就诊延迟时间的差异无统计学意义(χ²=9.46,P=0.579 6)。结论 孤独症患儿监护人重视的首个异常特征主要集中在语言交往交流障碍、社交交往交流障碍和刻板兴趣及行为3个类别,监护人文化程度、与儿童亲密程度等对引起其重视的首个异常特征无影响,监护人重视的首个异常特征对孤独症患儿引起监护人重视和就诊的时间有影响。     

Dosimetric benefits of placing dose constraints on the brachial plexus in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a comparative study

This study aimed to evaluate whether placing dose constraints on the brachial plexus (BP) could provide dosimetric benefits in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Planning CT images for 30 patients with NPC treated with definitive IMRT were retrospectively reviewed. Target volumes, the BP and other critical structures were delineated; two separate IMRT plans were designed for each patient: one set no restrictions for the BP; the other considered the BP as a critical structure for which a maximum dose limit of ≤66 Gy was set. No significant differences between the two plans were observed in the conformity index, homogeneity index, maximum dose to the planning target volumes (PTVs), minimum dose to the PTVs, percentages of the volume of the PTVnx and PTVnd receiving more than 110% of the prescribed dose, or percentages of the volume of the PTVs receiving 95% and > 93% of the prescribed dose. Dose constraints significantly reduced the maximum dose, mean dose, V45, V50, V54, V60, V66 and V70 to the BP. Dose constraints significantly reduced the maximum dose to the BP, V45, V60 and V66 in both N0–1 and N2–3 disease; however, the magnitude of the dosimetric gain for each parameter between N0–1 and N2–3 disease was not significantly different, except for the V60 and V66. In conclusion, placing dose constraints on the BP can significantly decrease the irradiated volume and dose, without compromising adequate dose delivery to the target volume.     

宫腔镜联合米非司酮治疗难治性宫内妊娠物残留的临床观察

目的:探讨宫腔镜联合米非司酮治疗难治性宫内妊娠物残留的临床疗效。方法:将难治性宫内妊娠物残留患者120例随机分成两组,观察组60例,对照组60例。观察组行宫腔镜联合米非司酮治疗,对照组行传统清宫术治疗,比较两组疗效。结果:术中子宫穿孔、术后阴道流血时间、月经复潮时间、需再次清宫、月经减少、宫腔粘连、血HCG恢复正常时间等情况,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:宫腔镜联合米非司酮治疗难治性宫内妊娠物残留具有微创、安全、有效等优点,优于传统的清宫术治疗。     

盐酸替罗非班在急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术中的应用与护理

目的:探讨盐酸替罗非班在急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术中的应用与护理效果。方法:选取本院急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者共120例分为两组,观察组应用盐酸替罗非班治疗,在冠脉造影后拟行PCI术时,在导丝/球囊通过病变处后,冠脉内应用盐酸替罗非班10μg/kg,3min内静脉注射,继之以0.15μg·kg-1·min-1静脉泵入,持续24~36h;对照组不给予盐酸替罗非班治疗;观察比较两组PCI术后即刻造影的TIMI血流分级,术后6个月内主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果:术后观察组即刻TIMI血流分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;观察组6个月内主要不良心脏事件的发生率较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:盐酸替罗非班可以提高PCI治疗效果,期间应加强围术期的护理。