The effect of current used bone substitution materials and platelet-rich plasma on periosteal cells by ectopic site implantation: An in-vivo pilot study

The aim of this study was to investigate de novo bone formation following ectopic site implantation of bone substitutes covered by periosteum, with and without the application of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Twenty-four weeks after subcutaneous implantation of various bone substitutes (bovine hydroxyapatite (bHAP), phycogenic hydroxyapatite (pHAP), and bioglass (BG)) in 35 mini-pigs, bone regeneration rates were compared microradiographically and histologically. Without PRP, bHAP showed a mean de novo bone formation of 32.41% ± 29.99, in contrast to the other substitute materials where no mineralization could be detected. In combination with PRP, in the bHAP (63.61% ± 12.98; p ± 0.03) and pHAP (34.37 ± 29.38; p = 0.015) group, significantly higher de novo bone formation was ascertained than without PRP. No ossification could be detected in the BG group. In conclusion, bHAP and pHAP bone substitutes in combination with PRP showed a significant positive effect on periosteal cells by de novo bone formation after ectopic, subcutaneous, low-vascular site implantation.     

慢性应激抑郁型黄褐斑动物模型建立与现有模型的比较研究

目的:建立并验证慢性应激抑郁型黄褐斑动物模型,并与现有其他模型进行比较。方法:在注射黄体酮同时,进行慢性轻度不可预见的应激刺激,并紫外线局部照射。结果:黄体酮+紫外线+慢性应激抑郁法造模较其他方法更能导致皮肤丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)升高和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)降低以及皮肤黑素细胞的增加,并且具有抑郁症的行动学表现。与空白组比较,经慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激的动物体重显著下降,敞箱试验中穿格次数、理毛时间和次数、直立次数得分显著下降,液体消耗试验中糖水消耗和糖水偏爱百分比明显下降,而纯水消耗显著提高。结论:黄体酮+紫外线+慢性应激抑郁法建立的抑郁型黄褐斑豚鼠多因素模型获得成功。与现有其他模型比较,其皮肤MDA、SOD与皮肤黑素细胞等客观指标的变化也更加接近人类黄褐斑的病变。     

Haemophilus influenzae-protein D specific antibody correlate with protection against acute otitis media in young children

BackgroundHaemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes respiratory infections and pathogenesis of this microbe begins in the human nasopharynx (NP). The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of NP colonization-induced serum antibody levels to Hi protein D with risk of acute otitis media (AOM) in children <2 yr.Methods455 sera from 213 children (age 6–24 months old) were collected when they were colonized with Hi and when the children developed AOM. Presence of Hi during AOM was confirmed by culture of middle ear fluid. Quantitative ELISA was used to determine serum IgG against protein D antigen.ResultsAsymptomatic Hi NP colonization reduced the risk of future AOM infections. Higher serum IgG titers against Hi protein D were correlated with reduced future AOM risk.ConclusionColonization by Hi reduces future AOM risk. Higher antibody levels against protein D correlates with lower risk of AOM caused by Hi.     

MicroRNA-132通过诱导线粒体氧化应激障碍-铁死亡进程促进动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨MicroRNA-132（miR-132）在动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达及生物学意义。方法 收集在本医院行外周血管造瘘手术的动脉粥样硬化患者的斑块样本及周围正常血管样本各30例,分为实验组（n=30）与对照组（n=30）;利用RT-qPCR验证miR-132在30例组织标本中的表达水平;采用脂质体转染技术上调人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）中miR-132的表达,继而通过流式细胞及激光共聚焦技术分析过表达miR-132的HUVEC内活性氧（ROS）、ROS与线粒体的定位关系、线粒体活性氧超氧化物（mtROS）、线粒体膜电位状态（MMP）以及线粒体膜转换孔通透性（mPTP）的功能变化;通过ELISA检测HUVEC内线粒体氧化还原呼吸链复合体（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型）活性的状态;通过Western blot检测铁死亡关键蛋白的表达水平。结果 与正常血管样本（对照组）相比,miR-132在动脉粥样硬化斑块的表达水平显著上调（P<0.001）;相比于正常HUVEC,脂质体转染的HUVEC内miR-132表达量显著上升（P<0.001）,细胞内ROS明显增加（P<0.001）,且大部分ROS与线粒体存在共定位关系;同时于正常HUVEC,miR-132过表达的HUVEC细胞内MMP下降（P<0.001）、mtROS升高（P<0.001）、线粒体活性氧mPTP更多开放（P< 0.001）,继而引起线粒体氧化还原呼吸链应激障碍,铁死亡关键蛋白GPX4显著下调（P<0.001）、氧化蛋白NOX4显著增多（P< 0.001）。结论 MiR-132可通过诱导线粒体氧化应激障碍-铁死亡进程促进动脉粥样硬化,有望成为动脉粥样硬化的治疗靶点。     

Clinical outcomes in ‘diabese’ burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to update the current status of clinical outcomes in diabetic (type II) and obese (BMI: 30–39.9 kg/m²) burn patients.MethodsWe adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase for studies related to a number of comorbidities and burn outcomes. Search terms for each of these databases are listed in the Appendix. From this search, we screened 6923 articles. Through our selection criteria, 12 articles focusing on either diabetes or obesity were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using the “meta” package in R software to produce pooled odds ratios from the random effect model.ResultsDiabetic patients had 2.38 times higher odds of mortality [OR: 2.38, 95% CI:1.66, 3.41], however no statistically significant difference was found in mortality in obese patients [OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 0.36, 17.19]. Obese patients had 2.18 times higher odds of inhalation injury [95%CI: 1.23, 3.88], whereas diabetic patients did not show a difference in odds of inhalation injury [OR:1.02, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.81]. Diabetic patients had higher odds of complications resulting from infection: 5.47 times higher odds of wound, skin, or soft tissue infections [95% CI:1.97, 15.18]; 2.28 times higher odds of UTI or CAUTI [95% CI:1.50, 3.46]; and 1.78 times higher odds of pneumonia or respiratory tract infections [95% CI:1.15, 2.77]. Obese patients also had similar complications related to infection: 2.15 times higher odds of wound infection [95% CI: 1.04, 4.42] and 1.96 times higher odds of pneumonia [95% CI: 1.08, 3.56]. Other notable complications in diabetic patients were higher odds of amputation [OR: 37, 95% CI: 1.76, 779.34], respiratory failure [OR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.85, 10.42], heart failure [OR: 6.22, 95% CI: 1.93, 20.06], and renal failure [OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.86].ConclusionsDiabetic patients have higher odds of mortality, whereas no statistically significant difference of mortality was found in obese patients. Obese patients had higher odds of inhalation injury, whereas odds of inhalation injury was unchanged in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had higher odds of failure in multiple organs, whereas such failure in obese patients was not reported. Both diabetic and obese patients had multiple complications related to infection.     

Enlisting healthcare professionals in the campaign against incendiary weapons

AThe exceptionally severe burns caused by incendiary weapons make strengthening international law a humanitarian imperative. Given healthcare professionals’ deep understanding of the human cost of burn injuries, they are in a unique position to urge governments to initiate a process to assess the law’s shortcomings at a major UN disarmament meeting in December. One way to advocate for such policy change is by signing an open letter from healthcare professionals and burn survivor organizations.     

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the extract of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of extract of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb. For the acute toxicity tests, graded doses of the extract were administered orally to mice. The animals were observed for toxic symptoms and mortality daily for 14 days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, rats were orally administered the extract at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 26 weeks. After 26 weeks, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histological examination. In the acute toxicity tests, the estimated median lethal dosage (LD₅₀) was 52.2 mg/kg body weight in the mice. In the sub-chronic toxicity tests, a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight presented no toxicity. Above the 1 mg/kg dose, the main adverse signs observed in male rats were body or head tremor and spontaneous motor activity reduction. There were no other significant changes observed in hematology, blood biochemistry, organ weight and organ histology. The overall findings of this study indicate that the extract of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb is non-toxic up to 1 mg/kg body weight, which can be considered a safe application dose.