重庆市南岸区2018年14起诺如病毒疫情流行病特征分析

  目的  分析南岸区14起诺如病毒感染聚集及暴发疫情流行病学及病原学特征,为探索诺如病毒感染疫情综合防控措施提供依据。  方法  从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”内收集资料,采用描述流行病学方法对资料进行统计分析。  结果  2018年重庆市南岸区累计报告诺如病毒感染聚集及暴发疫情14起,占全区事件发生总数的63.64%。累计报告发病268例,平均罹患率为2.19%;疫情发生时间主要在11月份(6起);幼儿园报告疫情起数最多(7起),其次是小学(5起);疫情持续时间中位数为2.80 d;14起疫情均由诺如病毒GⅡ型基因组引起,传播途径主要以人传人为主。  结论  学校是诺如病毒疫情发生高发场所,需加强学校等集体单位呕吐、腹泻症状监测,督促学校积极落实各项防控措施。     

2009—2019 年重庆市涪陵区15 岁以下人群流感病原学监测结果分析

目的 了解重庆市涪陵区2009—2019年15岁以下人群流感病原学的流行趋势及特征,为今后的流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法 分析2009—2019年涪陵区流感网络监测实验室获得的15 岁以下人群流感样病例（Influenza-like illness,ILI）监测结果。结果 女性ILI病毒分离阳性率（14.53%）和男性阳性率（13.74%）无统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPSP〗=0.98,P＞0.05）;初中生阳性率最高（23.94%）,其次是小学生（19.69%）、幼儿园儿童（17.10%）,散居儿童最低（7.64%）,差异有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPSP〗=238.82,P＜0.05）;各学龄段儿童之间流感病毒类型构成差异有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPSP〗=40.71,P＜0.05）;ILI病毒检测阳性率的季节规律呈单、双峰交替出现,2010 年、2014 年、2015 年流行高峰出现在夏季,其余年份流行高峰均在冬春季;主要病原学类型为季H3（36.63%）、B型Victoria系（28.60%）、新甲H1（27.98%）、B型Yamagata系（6.44%）,流感病毒阳性率与ILI病例数变化趋势相关（rs=0.312,P＜0.05）; ILI发病后采样时间、采样后送检时间对标本阳性率有显著影响。结论 涪陵区15岁以下人群流感流行处于上升趋势,流行高峰时间处于动态变化,近年来主要在冬春季;初中生和小学生ILI病毒检测阳性率高于学龄前儿童,提示冬春季要加强中小学校学生流感防控工作。     

miR-146a-5p regulates autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in epithelial barrier damage in the in vitro cell model of ulcerative colitis through the RNF8/Notch1/mTORC1 pathway

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon that can be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aims to investigate the impact of miR-146a-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cell autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets. We used LPS to establish Caco-2/HT-29 cell models and measured cell viability by CCK-8. The levels of miR-146a-5p, RNF8, markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy, proteins involved in the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway, and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Autophagic flux was measured using tandem fluorescent-labeled LC3. miR-146a-5p was highly-expressed in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells, and autophagy flux was blocked at the autolysosomal stage after LPS induction. Inhibition of miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, and facilitated autophagy inhibition in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells. The autophagy inhibitor NH4Cl partially nullified the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-5p inhibition on NLRP3 inflammation activation. miR-146a-5p targeted RNF8, and silencing RNF8 partly abrogated the action of miR-146a-5p inhibition on promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. miR-146a-5p inhibition suppressed the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway activation by upregulating RNF8. Inhibition of the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway partially nullified the function of silencing RNF8 on inhibiting autophagy and bolstering NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, miR-146a-5p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for UC, as it facilitates autophagy of LPS-stimulated Caco-2/HT-29 cells, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating RNF8 and suppressing the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway.     

流动人口艾滋病知识、态度及高危行为分析

目的了解流动人口艾滋病防治知识、相关态度和高危行为状况,为开展流动人口的艾滋病干预模式研究提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法抽取2个街道,对所抽取街道内的流动人口在知情同意的情况下进行面对面的问卷调查。所有资料经Epidata3.02录入后用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果共调查400人,其中男性210(52.5%)人,女性190(47.5%)人,平均年龄(29.1±10.2)岁。调查发现,流动人口对艾滋病的3种传播途径知晓高,均在80%以上,但对艾滋病的非传播途径知晓率较低。获取艾滋病防治知识的主要途径是报刊杂志、广播电视、宣传画及宣传资料和向医生咨询。64.5%的人与固定性伴发生性关系时从不使用安全套。与非固定性伴发生性关系时只有14.1%的人每次都使用安全套。结论流动人口艾滋病防治知识缺乏,多性伴和安全套使用率低是艾滋病在流动人口中流行和蔓延的重要因素。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中四种黄曲霉毒素的方法探讨

目的：建立一种快速、灵敏、简便的高效液相色谱（HPLC）同时测定食品中黄曲霉毒素（AFT）B1、B2、G1和G2的方法。方法：样品经振荡提取，多功能净化柱净化，三氟乙酸衍生后，选用ZORBAX XDB-C18分离柱，用乙腈-水（23＋77）作流动相，于20℃以下等度洗脱，经荧光检测器测定后，以保留时间定性，用峰面积或峰高定量。结果：20分钟内可完成AFr4种组分的分离。检出限分别是，B1为0．042ng，B2、G1和G2为0．08ng。回收率为83．4％～103．1％，r〉0．9995。结论：经振荡提取、多功能净化柱净化后，用荧光检测器同时测定食品中黄曲霉毒素（AFT）B1、B2、G1和G2的高效液相色谱方法快速、灵敏、简便。     

重庆市2004年农村水质状况的调查

目的：评价重庆市农村饮用水卫生质量，发现存在的问题，分析影响饮用水卫生质量的相关因素。方法：选取我市10个监测区县，按卫生部《生活饮用水检验规范》对农村水厂、简易供水站和井水进行检测。结果：农村自来水厂水源水合格率为22．1％；出厂水合格率丰水期和枯水期分别为41．0％和36．1％；管网末梢水合格率丰水期和枯水期分别为41．7％和38．9％。结论：该市农村水源水水质差。饮用水微生物污染严重，农民饮水卫生条件亟待改进。     

渝北区1～59岁人群麻疹血清流行病学调查报告

目的了解本地1-59岁不同人群的麻疹血清免疫水平现状，为消除麻疹制定策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，抽取1799人进行血清流行病学调查，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测麻疹抗体IgG。结果渝北区1～59岁人群麻疹免疫水平的总体阳性率为92．94％，1～9岁组的阳性率为95．58％，10--29岁组90．99％，30-59岁组为94％。城区人群的麻疹IgG阳性率为94．03％，农村为91．50％。结论渝北区10--59岁人群麻疹免疫总体水平没有达到消除麻疹应维持95％以上的要求，农村及10--29岁组更为显著。     

Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in polio high risk areas of West Africa

We conducted a serological survey of anti-polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Mali, Guinea and Cote d’Ivoire to assess risk of future poliovirus outbreaks.Random community sampling of children 6–11 and 36–48 months-old was conducted; neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus were detected using microneutralization assay.We analysed 1059/1064 (99.5%) of enrolled children. Seroprevalence to poliovirus type 1 (PV1) across all age groups and locations ranged between 92 and 100%, for PV2 it was 77–100%, and 89–95% for PV3. PV2 seroprevalence in the younger age group in Guinea and Cote d’Ivoire was <80%. History of <4 polio vaccine doses and acute malnutrition were associated with seronegativity (OR = 2.1 CI95% = 1.5–3.1, OR = 1.8 CI95% = 1.1–3.3 respectively).The risk of poliovirus outbreak following importation is low because of high population immunity to PV1, however, due to large cohort of PV2 seronegative children any future detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 requires urgent response to arrest rapid spread.     

Evaluation and modeling of HIV based on communication theory in biological systems

Some forms of communication are used in biological systems such as HIV transmission in human beings. In this paper, we plan to get a unique insight into biological communication systems generally through the analogy between HIV infection and electrical communication system. The model established in this paper can be used to test and simulate various communication systems since it provides researchers with an opportunity. We interpret biological communication systems by using telecommunications exemplification from a layered communication protocol developed before and use the model to indicate HIV spreading. We also implement a simulation of HIV infection based on the layered communication protocol to predict the development of this disease and the results prove the validity of the model.