参与式艾滋病致孤儿童关怀项目结果分析

目的了解以社区、家庭为基础的艾滋病致孤儿童关怀项目开展3年后的效果。方法征集项目覆盖的艾滋病致孤儿童志愿者30人,培训后,由儿童自行设计访谈提纲并到社区对受艾滋病影响的家庭进行定性访谈,对结果进行分析。结果接受调查的20个家庭的儿童代表中,只有5%(1/20)认为项目的设计不好,原因是“更困难的家庭没有得到帮助”;有10%(2/20)的儿童认为项目的运作过程不好,原因是“艾滋病儿童没有得到特别的照顾”;对项目的效果受访儿童没有认为不好的;对项目产生的影响有20%(4/20)的儿童认为不好,原因是担忧项目的持续性、项目没有解决艾滋病流行的根本问题以及“每月按时给钱可能会造成依赖”等。结论大部分的受访儿童认为项目使儿童、家庭得到了基本需求的支持。儿童参与式的评价在我国是成功的尝试。     

沼气建设对农民健康相关知识、态度和行为影响的调查研究

目的通过沼气建设对农民健康相关知识、态度、行为影响的调查,了解农民健康教育需求状况,探讨“农村沼气建设及其综合利用”健康教育工作模式。方法在江西、贵州、河北和陕西4省分别对已建和未建沼气户随机问卷调查1209人和410人,并进行对比分析和多因素统计分析。结果已建沼气和未建沼气户影响健康相关知识的知晓率分别低于53.0%和50.0%;4省已建沼气调查对象回答“改善环境卫生”和“能增加收入”的健康相关态度指标的百分率分别达到90.9%和73.9%以上;已建沼气户调查对象“饭前便后每次洗手”、“喝开水”、“夏季每天洗澡”的卫生行为的百分率均高于未建沼气户(P<0.01);健康教育需求显示:被调查对象希望获得预防常见传染病的基本知识并喜欢通过电视、宣传画等形式进行了解。结论通过农村沼气建设及其综合利用及开展多种形式的健康教育,有助于提高农民健康相关知识的知晓率,促健康相关行为形成,有利于提高农民的健康水平,减少传染性疾病及寄生虫病的发生。     

Evidence-based practice: Quality indicator analysis of antecedent exercise in autism spectrum disorders

The purpose of the research was to conduct a quality indicator analysis of studies exploring the effects of antecedent exercise on self-stimulatory behaviors of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and PubMed/MedLine databases from 1980 to October 2010 and reference lists of included articles were searched. Twelve research studies employing group experimental (Gersten et al., 2005) or single-subject designs (Horner et al., 2005) met inclusion criteria. Each study was assessed for the presence and clarity of quality indicators. Group experimental and single-subject designs met 48% and 82% of quality indicators, respectively. This suggests that the effects of antecedent exercise on self-stimulatory behaviors of individuals with ASD is incomplete and claims of exercise being an evidence-based practice are premature. Several indicators were difficult to interpret or lacking clear definitions. Recommendations for clarifying and applying the quality indicators are offered.     

Inequalities in enrollment of women and racial minorities in trials testing uric acid lowering drugs

AimsWe investigated sex and racial inequalities in clinical trials testing serum uric acid (SUA) lowering drugs and analyzed the temporal trends of participation among the pre-specified demographic groups.Data were collected from publications of clinical trials testing SUA-lowering drugs. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relation between drug approval year and proportion of women and minorities enrolled in clinical studies.Data synthesisThe mean percentage enrollment of women in clinical trials significantly decreased over the time (r = −0.43, P-value = 0.02). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in mean percentage enrollment of women among trials testing different SUA-lowering drugs, with the highest representation in rasburicase (71.1%) and the lowest representation of women in dotinurad (0.8%). Over the time, also the mean percentage enrollment of racial minorities decreased, passing from 8.7% to 2.2% in a 10-year period.Women were proportionally underrepresented compared with their share of the population with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, overall (participation-to-prevalence ratio (PPR) = 0.34), in trials testing xanthine oxiase inhibitors (PPR = 0.38) and uricosurics (PPR = 0.29), and in trials with febuxostat, allopurinol, pegloticase, halofenate/arhalofenate, verinurad, lesinurad and dotinurad. Women were proportionally underreppresented also compared with their share of the population with gout, overall (PPR = 0.69) and in trials testing XOIs (PPR = 0.69), uricosurics (PPR = 0.68), and all SUA-lowering drugs excepted for rasburicase, pegloticase and topiroxostat.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that women and racial and ethnical minorities are underrepresented in controlled clinical trials testing SUA-lowering drugs, with similar pattern across drug classes.     

Sit,breathe, smile: Effects of single and weekly seated Qigong on blood pressure and quality of life in long-term care

Long-term care (LTC) facilities house individuals with diverse combinations of cognitive and physical impairments, and the practice of Seated Qigong eliminates common exercise barriers. This study hypothesized: 1) a single session would lower blood pressure (BP) and improve quality of life (QOL) in a generalized LTC population, and 2) these responses would be attenuated with chronic (weekly) Seated Qigong practice. Ten residents (6 female; 86 ± 7 years) participated in 1X/week Seated Qigong sessions for 10-weeks. BP and QOL were assessed pre- and post-session at baseline and following 5- and 10-weeks of Qigong. Systolic BP was significantly reduced immediately post-session after 10-weeks of Qigong (P = 0.03), yet unchanged at baseline and after 5-weeks (all P > 0.05). Diastolic BP and QOL remained unchanged (P > 0.05). A session of Seated Qigong elicits a hypotensive response with exposure, supporting the notion that repeated sessions may provide advantageous health benefits.     

Coexistent light chain deposition disease,light chain cast nephropathy,and vascular light chain amyloidosis in a patient with IgD lambda multiple myeloma

International Urology and Nephrology -     

Characteristics of pediatric invasive pneumococcal diseases and the pneumococcal isolates in Suzhou,China before introduction of PCV13

BackgroundData on characteristics of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) is limited in China. We aimed to understand the clinical features and explore the molecular characteristics of the pneumococcal isolates in China.MethodsSince 2010, we prospectively collected the pneumococcal isolates and the IPD patients’ demographic and clinical information in Suzhou University Affiliated Children’s Hospital (SCH). The antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes, genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were identified by E-test, quellung reaction and/or multiplex PCR, and multi-locus sequence typing, respectively.ResultsDuring the period from January 2010 to December 2015, a total of 80 IPD patients were identified. They were diagnosed as meningitis (31.3%), septicemia (27.5%), pneumonia (21.3%) and others (20.0%). About half of them required vancomycin treatment, 42.5% were admitted to ICUs, 36.2% had complications and 6.2% were hospitalized for over 1 year. The most common serotypes of the pneumococcal isolates were serotypes 6B and 14, the coverage of PCV13 was 92.5%, and CC236s and CC199s were the most common clone complexes.ConclusionsPediatric IPD patients had severe clinical symptoms, demanded intensive treatment, suffered poor prognosis and substantial burden. The pneumococcal isolates’ serotype coverage of PCV13 vaccine was high, which leads to implication of PCV vaccine usage among children in China.     

Prevalence of Internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China

A cross-sectional study design was applied amongst a random sample (n = 10158) of Chinese adolescents. Self-completed questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, Internet use situation, Youth Internet Addiction Test, Youth Social Support Rating Scale and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were utilized to examine the study objectives. Among the study population, the prevalence rate of Internet addiction was 10.4%, with 1038 (10.2%) moderately and 21 (0.2%) severely addicted to the Internet. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that a variety of related factors have significant effects on Internet addiction (parental control, per capita annual household income, academic performance, the access to Internet, online activities). The correlation coefficients showed that Internet addiction was negatively correlated with social support and positively associated with depression. Social support had a significant negative predictive effect on Internet addiction. The mediating effect of depression between social support and Internet addiction was remarkable.